Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2025.01.002
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Quan M, Guo Q, Yan X, et al. Parkin deficiency aggravates inflammation-induced acute lung injury by promoting necroptosis in alveolar type II cells” [Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med 2024;2:265-278]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Page 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/S2772-5588(25)00018-0
{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2772-5588(25)00018-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2772-5588(25)00018-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.004
Lishu Zhao , Chen Tang , Xuan Jin , Hao Wang , Kandi Xu , Xinyue Liu , Yujin Liu , Wencheng Zhao , Wengang Zhang , Li Ye , Zhimin Chen , Qi Liu , Yayi He
Background
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is a promising immune checkpoint for combination immunotherapy. This study aims to elucidate the exact synergistic anti-tumor mechanism of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and LAG-3 dual inhibition in lung cancer.
Methods
Multiple patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of lung cancer were constructed and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Clustering of all human-derived cells, identification of biomarker genes of three cell types, trajectory analysis, and calculation of tumor heterogeneity scores were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functional enrichment analyses of cancer-associated genes were conducted. The functional significance of DEGs in the immune system was evaluated using the Reactome online server. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) pathways and angiogenesis-associated pathways were analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used for further verification.
Results
PD-1 and LAG-3 dual inhibition achieved synergistic tumor inhibition in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) PDX models, but not in adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer PDX models. A total of 8127 cells, including 2699 basal, 4109 malignant, and 1319 epithelial cells, were identified by scRNA-seq. Malignant cells evolved from basal and epithelial cells in the trajectory analysis. The responders to the combination therapy of PD-1 and LAG-3 inhibitors had lower heterogeneity scores than non-responders. Compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy, the combination group exhibited higher levels of neutrophil degranulation. The DEGs were correlated with disease, metabolism, and programmed cell death-associated pathways. The MHC class I-associated pathways and pericyte pathways were upregulated, whereas the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway was downregulated in the combination group.
Conclusion
We discovered the superior efficacy of PD-1 and LAG-3 dual inhibition in SCC PDX models, and showed that it may be associated with low tumor heterogeneity scores, upregulation of the MHC class I pathway, and normalization of tumor angiogenesis.
{"title":"Unraveling tumoral heterogeneity and angiogenesis-associated mechanisms of PD-1 and LAG-3 dual inhibition in lung cancers by single-cell RNA sequencing","authors":"Lishu Zhao , Chen Tang , Xuan Jin , Hao Wang , Kandi Xu , Xinyue Liu , Yujin Liu , Wencheng Zhao , Wengang Zhang , Li Ye , Zhimin Chen , Qi Liu , Yayi He","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is a promising immune checkpoint for combination immunotherapy. This study aims to elucidate the exact synergistic anti-tumor mechanism of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and LAG-3 dual inhibition in lung cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multiple patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of lung cancer were constructed and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Clustering of all human-derived cells, identification of biomarker genes of three cell types, trajectory analysis, and calculation of tumor heterogeneity scores were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functional enrichment analyses of cancer-associated genes were conducted. The functional significance of DEGs in the immune system was evaluated using the Reactome online server. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) pathways and angiogenesis-associated pathways were analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used for further verification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PD-1 and LAG-3 dual inhibition achieved synergistic tumor inhibition in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) PDX models, but not in adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer PDX models. A total of 8127 cells, including 2699 basal, 4109 malignant, and 1319 epithelial cells, were identified by scRNA-seq. Malignant cells evolved from basal and epithelial cells in the trajectory analysis. The responders to the combination therapy of PD-1 and LAG-3 inhibitors had lower heterogeneity scores than non-responders. Compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy, the combination group exhibited higher levels of neutrophil degranulation. The DEGs were correlated with disease, metabolism, and programmed cell death-associated pathways. The MHC class I-associated pathways and pericyte pathways were upregulated, whereas the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway was downregulated in the combination group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We discovered the superior efficacy of PD-1 and LAG-3 dual inhibition in SCC PDX models, and showed that it may be associated with low tumor heterogeneity scores, upregulation of the MHC class I pathway, and normalization of tumor angiogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.002
Xia Wang, Weiping Hu, Jing Zhang
Frailty, a multidimensional syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserves and vulnerability to stressors, presents significant challenges in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD and frailty share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways, such as muscle wasting, chronic inflammation, and malnutrition. Both COPD and frailty lead to a significant reduction in patients’ physical functionality and quality of life. Consequently, early screening for frailty and proactive interventions for patients with COPD are increasingly considered essential. There are several methods for screening and assessing frailty in patients with COPD, such as the Fried Frailty Phenotype and the Frailty Index, each with its own advantages and limitations. However, there is currently no unified standard, nor a method specifically tailored to the Chinese population. The treatment of patients with COPD and concurrent frailty currently favors exercise interventions, nutritional interventions, or a combination of both. Further treatment approaches, including pharmacological interventions, are still being explored. Therefore, the development of frailty screening and assessment tools tailored to the Chinese population, along with the exploration of reasonable and effective new intervention measures, represents a crucial direction in China's efforts to prevent and treat frailty.
{"title":"Advances in pathophysiology and assessment methods of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with frailty","authors":"Xia Wang, Weiping Hu, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frailty, a multidimensional syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserves and vulnerability to stressors, presents significant challenges in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD and frailty share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways, such as muscle wasting, chronic inflammation, and malnutrition. Both COPD and frailty lead to a significant reduction in patients’ physical functionality and quality of life. Consequently, early screening for frailty and proactive interventions for patients with COPD are increasingly considered essential. There are several methods for screening and assessing frailty in patients with COPD, such as the Fried Frailty Phenotype and the Frailty Index, each with its own advantages and limitations. However, there is currently no unified standard, nor a method specifically tailored to the Chinese population. The treatment of patients with COPD and concurrent frailty currently favors exercise interventions, nutritional interventions, or a combination of both. Further treatment approaches, including pharmacological interventions, are still being explored. Therefore, the development of frailty screening and assessment tools tailored to the Chinese population, along with the exploration of reasonable and effective new intervention measures, represents a crucial direction in China's efforts to prevent and treat frailty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.006
Lifeng Yan , Huaqi Guo , Juan Fu , Tianyu Zhou
{"title":"Overlapping exposure to cigarette smoke and particulate matter does not have a direct additive effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Lifeng Yan , Huaqi Guo , Juan Fu , Tianyu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 60-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.005
Koichiro Asano, Katsuyoshi Tomomatsu, Naoki Okada, Jun Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Oguma
Patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) respond well to standard treatments (oral corticosteroids and/or antifungals); however, approximately in half of the patients, the condition recurs during tapering or early after treatment discontinuation. To avoid the adverse effects of long-term treatment, biologics targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophils, or type 2 immune responses have been used in refractory ABPA. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, as well as mepolizumab and benralizumab targeting eosinophils has been consistently shown to decrease co-morbid asthma exacerbation and dose of oral corticosteroids. Furthermore, mepolizumab and benralizumab effectively improved chest radiographic abnormalities, such as mucus plugs in the bronchi. Data on dupilumab and tezepelumab are limited; however, they may be effective in patients who are resistant to treatment with omalizumab/mepolizumab/benralizumab. Future studies examining the effects of these biologics in preventing the recurrences/exacerbations of ABPA are warranted.
{"title":"Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with biologics","authors":"Koichiro Asano, Katsuyoshi Tomomatsu, Naoki Okada, Jun Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Oguma","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) respond well to standard treatments (oral corticosteroids and/or antifungals); however, approximately in half of the patients, the condition recurs during tapering or early after treatment discontinuation. To avoid the adverse effects of long-term treatment, biologics targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophils, or type 2 immune responses have been used in refractory ABPA. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, as well as mepolizumab and benralizumab targeting eosinophils has been consistently shown to decrease co-morbid asthma exacerbation and dose of oral corticosteroids. Furthermore, mepolizumab and benralizumab effectively improved chest radiographic abnormalities, such as mucus plugs in the bronchi. Data on dupilumab and tezepelumab are limited; however, they may be effective in patients who are resistant to treatment with omalizumab/mepolizumab/benralizumab. Future studies examining the effects of these biologics in preventing the recurrences/exacerbations of ABPA are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.003
Bruce L Davidson , Nicolas De Schryver
Recognition of the importance of effective pulmonary embolism treatment and prophylaxis has improved inpatient care in many settings. Recommended drug treatment and prophylaxis of acute pulmonary embolism have changed little over the past 10 years. However, new information has emerged, which when combined with early pharmacology studies of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin, clearly shows important deficits in current practice that, if remedied, could reduce risk and likely save lives. These involve ensuring improved bioavailability of low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis dosing by abandoning once-daily dosing, adopting weight- or weight-category based dosing, and dosing twice daily or by continuous infusion in critically ill patients. For pulmonary embolism treatment, failure to recognize that presenting patients often have subnormal perfusion resulting in unpredictable bioavailability of subcutaneous anticoagulant has meant undertreatment, and delay in reaching a therapeutic anticoagulant level, assuredly resulting in failure of timely improvement as well as recurrent thromboembolism. Intravenous anticoagulant should be rapidly adopted as first treatment for acute pulmonary embolism until normal hemodynamic values are restored and cutaneous perfusion returns. Treatments under development include clinical investigation of intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving intravenous low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis, weight-based, targeting an anticoagulant level in anti-Xa units that is both effective and safe. The same would be useful for pulmonary embolism treatment, although return to initial anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin is more easily monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and is an easy standard of care to adopt. Pulmonary embolism clot removal is being accomplished by suction thrombectomy and catheter-directed lysis, each with its own different procedural characteristics. Whether either confers benefit compared to conscientiously administered intravenous anticoagulation cannot be shown in ongoing studies using subcutaneous treatment in control patients with subnormal perfusion. Factor XI/XIa inhibition is another treatment approach being studied. Another approach to lytic therapy under study, administering an inhibitor of alpha-2-antiplasmin, may cause less bleeding than tissue plasminogen activators.
{"title":"Pulmonary embolism prophylaxis and treatment: What's right, what's wrong, and the future","authors":"Bruce L Davidson , Nicolas De Schryver","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognition of the importance of effective pulmonary embolism treatment and prophylaxis has improved inpatient care in many settings. Recommended drug treatment and prophylaxis of acute pulmonary embolism have changed little over the past 10 years. However, new information has emerged, which when combined with early pharmacology studies of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin, clearly shows important deficits in current practice that, if remedied, could reduce risk and likely save lives. These involve ensuring improved bioavailability of low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis dosing by abandoning once-daily dosing, adopting weight- or weight-category based dosing, and dosing twice daily or by continuous infusion in critically ill patients. For pulmonary embolism treatment, failure to recognize that presenting patients often have subnormal perfusion resulting in unpredictable bioavailability of subcutaneous anticoagulant has meant undertreatment, and delay in reaching a therapeutic anticoagulant level, assuredly resulting in failure of timely improvement as well as recurrent thromboembolism. Intravenous anticoagulant should be rapidly adopted as first treatment for acute pulmonary embolism until normal hemodynamic values are restored and cutaneous perfusion returns. Treatments under development include clinical investigation of intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving intravenous low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis, weight-based, targeting an anticoagulant level in anti-Xa units that is both effective and safe. The same would be useful for pulmonary embolism treatment, although return to initial anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin is more easily monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and is an easy standard of care to adopt. Pulmonary embolism clot removal is being accomplished by suction thrombectomy and catheter-directed lysis, each with its own different procedural characteristics. Whether either confers benefit compared to conscientiously administered intravenous anticoagulation cannot be shown in ongoing studies using subcutaneous treatment in control patients with subnormal perfusion. Factor XI/XIa inhibition is another treatment approach being studied. Another approach to lytic therapy under study, administering an inhibitor of alpha-2-antiplasmin, may cause less bleeding than tissue plasminogen activators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.005
Zhenyu Mao , Xiaoyan Zhu , Pengdou Zheng , Lingling Wang , Fengqin Zhang , Lixiang Chen , Ling Zhou , Wei Liu , Huiguo Liu
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma is a prevalent non-communicable disease that affects individuals of all ages and has emerged as a significant global public health concern. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the burden of asthma worldwide, as well as at regional and national levels, utilizing the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 database for the years 1990 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized the GBD 2021 database to report the prevalent cases and incident cases of asthma, alongside age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR), the number of deaths, and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) at global, regional, and national levels for the year 2021. Additionally, it computed the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for these asthma burden indicators from 1990 to 2021. This study further analyzed the levels of the above indicators in different gender and age groups, and investigated the association between asthma ASDR/ASMR levels and socio-demographic index (SDI). It also provided an analysis of the contribution of four risk factors to the overall asthma burden.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990 to 2021, the global EAPC for asthma ASIR was −1.04 (95 % confidence interval [CI]:−1.18 to −0.89), the EAPC for ASPR was −1.59 (95 % CI:−1.74 to −1.43), the EAPC for ASDR was −1.91 (95 % CI:−1.98 to −1.84), and the EAPC for ASMR was −2.03 (95 % CI:−2.09 to −1.98). In 2021, the prevalent cases of asthma remained alarmingly high at 260.48 million (95 % UI: 227.21 million to 297.97 million). Developed countries, exemplified by the United States, exhibited elevated asthma ASPR. However, the burden of asthma-related mortality and DALYs predominantly afflicted low- and middle-income nations. In China, there has been a significant decline in ASIR, ASPR, ASDR and ASMR for asthma. In most age groups, the burden of asthma among women was markedly higher than that among men, particularly evident in prevalence and DALYs. Children and the elderly bore a heavier burden of asthma. In 2021, ASDR and ASMR levels varied across countries, generally exhibiting a negative correlation with SDI levels. A high body-mass index continued to be a primary risk factor for asthma on a global scale. Decomposition analysis reveals that population growth plays a significant role in exacerbating the burden of asthma-related deaths and DALYs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>From 1990 to 2021, the burden of asthma as measured by age-standardized rate (ASR) has shown a declining trend. However, the overall burden of asthma remains significantly high. Moreover, there is a notable inequality in the burden of asthma across different regions and populations worldwide. This highlights the urgent need for countries to prioritize asthma management and control strategies to address these dis
{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of asthma from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","authors":"Zhenyu Mao , Xiaoyan Zhu , Pengdou Zheng , Lingling Wang , Fengqin Zhang , Lixiang Chen , Ling Zhou , Wei Liu , Huiguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma is a prevalent non-communicable disease that affects individuals of all ages and has emerged as a significant global public health concern. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the burden of asthma worldwide, as well as at regional and national levels, utilizing the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 database for the years 1990 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized the GBD 2021 database to report the prevalent cases and incident cases of asthma, alongside age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR), the number of deaths, and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) at global, regional, and national levels for the year 2021. Additionally, it computed the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for these asthma burden indicators from 1990 to 2021. This study further analyzed the levels of the above indicators in different gender and age groups, and investigated the association between asthma ASDR/ASMR levels and socio-demographic index (SDI). It also provided an analysis of the contribution of four risk factors to the overall asthma burden.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990 to 2021, the global EAPC for asthma ASIR was −1.04 (95 % confidence interval [CI]:−1.18 to −0.89), the EAPC for ASPR was −1.59 (95 % CI:−1.74 to −1.43), the EAPC for ASDR was −1.91 (95 % CI:−1.98 to −1.84), and the EAPC for ASMR was −2.03 (95 % CI:−2.09 to −1.98). In 2021, the prevalent cases of asthma remained alarmingly high at 260.48 million (95 % UI: 227.21 million to 297.97 million). Developed countries, exemplified by the United States, exhibited elevated asthma ASPR. However, the burden of asthma-related mortality and DALYs predominantly afflicted low- and middle-income nations. In China, there has been a significant decline in ASIR, ASPR, ASDR and ASMR for asthma. In most age groups, the burden of asthma among women was markedly higher than that among men, particularly evident in prevalence and DALYs. Children and the elderly bore a heavier burden of asthma. In 2021, ASDR and ASMR levels varied across countries, generally exhibiting a negative correlation with SDI levels. A high body-mass index continued to be a primary risk factor for asthma on a global scale. Decomposition analysis reveals that population growth plays a significant role in exacerbating the burden of asthma-related deaths and DALYs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>From 1990 to 2021, the burden of asthma as measured by age-standardized rate (ASR) has shown a declining trend. However, the overall burden of asthma remains significantly high. Moreover, there is a notable inequality in the burden of asthma across different regions and populations worldwide. This highlights the urgent need for countries to prioritize asthma management and control strategies to address these dis","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.12.001
Yan Xu, Ruxuan Chen, Ruili Pan, Xiaoxing Gao, Hui Huang, Mengzhao Wang
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape for various malignancies by demonstrating exceptional antitumor effects and significant improvement in patient survival. Despite their overt therapeutic advantages, ICIs also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Of these, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) represents a prominent manifestation of pulmonary toxicity following ICI therapy, with incidence rates ranging from 2.7 % to 20.0 %. Notably, a substantial proportion of CIP cases show severe manifestations, often leading to life-threatening complications, which emphasizes its clinical significance. Understanding the risk factors and potential pathogenetic mechanisms of CIP, combined with vigilant monitoring during immunotherapy, is pivotal for early detection and management of this condition. Proactive strategies for the timely identification, accurate diagnosis, and effective management of CIP are essential to optimize patient outcomes. However, several challenges persist in CIP management, including management of severe and refractory cases, determining the timing of ICI rechallenge after CIP, management of long-term chronic CIP, and mitigating secondary infections. In order to manage this potentially life-threatening irAE effectively, it is urgent to establish multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) management, precision CIP management, and practical surveillance systems for CIP monitoring, diagnosis, and management and to call for prospective multi-center clinical trials.
{"title":"Clinical management of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis: Focus, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Yan Xu, Ruxuan Chen, Ruili Pan, Xiaoxing Gao, Hui Huang, Mengzhao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape for various malignancies by demonstrating exceptional antitumor effects and significant improvement in patient survival. Despite their overt therapeutic advantages, ICIs also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Of these, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) represents a prominent manifestation of pulmonary toxicity following ICI therapy, with incidence rates ranging from 2.7 % to 20.0 %. Notably, a substantial proportion of CIP cases show severe manifestations, often leading to life-threatening complications, which emphasizes its clinical significance. Understanding the risk factors and potential pathogenetic mechanisms of CIP, combined with vigilant monitoring during immunotherapy, is pivotal for early detection and management of this condition. Proactive strategies for the timely identification, accurate diagnosis, and effective management of CIP are essential to optimize patient outcomes. However, several challenges persist in CIP management, including management of severe and refractory cases, determining the timing of ICI rechallenge after CIP, management of long-term chronic CIP, and mitigating secondary infections. In order to manage this potentially life-threatening irAE effectively, it is urgent to establish multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) management, precision CIP management, and practical surveillance systems for CIP monitoring, diagnosis, and management and to call for prospective multi-center clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.09.001
{"title":"Erratum regarding previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 64-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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