Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

{"title":"The experience of individuals living with alcohol use disorder within palliative care and end of life services: A scoping review","authors":"Amélie Deschamps ,&nbsp;Andrée-Anne Légaré ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Auger ,&nbsp;Natalia Muñoz Gómez ,&nbsp;Magaly Brodeur","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often face stigma and fragmented care, contributing to the underutilization of palliative care (PC), despite overlapping clinical needs. Research on the specific experiences of AUD patients in PC and end of life (EOL) settings remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scoping review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across five databases. From 865 initial results, eight studies met inclusion criteria after full-text screening. Five of them were case reports. Eligible studies focused on the experiences of individuals living with AUD receiving PC or EOL services. Data extraction and narrative synthesis were then conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with AUD in PC often experienced significant symptom burden, including poorly managed pain, depression, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. AUD was frequently underrecognized by healthcare professionals, and details of alcohol use were inconsistently reported. Transitions to PC were often delayed, with limited patient involvement in EOL decision-making. Stigma, clinician discomfort, and lack of integrated addiction and PC approaches were recurring barriers to optimal care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given the limited research on the management of AUD within PC settings, this review highlights the need for further investigation. While the findings suggest potential priorities for future research and clinical practice, including improved AUD screening, enhanced training for PC providers, and earlier, patient-centered EOL planning. These findings should be interpreted with caution, as they are based on a small number of studies, most of which are case reports. Addressing these gaps may enhance the quality of care and outcomes for individuals with AUD at the EOL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers and fathers who use medical cannabis: A comparison of sociodemographic characteristics, cannabis use, and health","authors":"Janna Ataiants,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Fedorova,&nbsp;Ojaswini D. Parab,&nbsp;Maddy Finkelstein,&nbsp;Elizabeth S. Valdez,&nbsp;Olivia Cordingley,&nbsp;Stephen E. Lankenau","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While increasing numbers of parents use medical cannabis, little is known about their cannabis use or health, despite potential implications for child well-being. Recognizing that parenting is shaped by gendered roles and norms, this study compared mothers and fathers who use cannabis as medical cannabis patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Parents living with children (N = 372; 62.9 % mothers, 37.1 % fathers) were identified from an ongoing study of Pennsylvania-based medical cannabis patients. Bivariate and multivariable analyses assessed sociodemographic, cannabis use, and health characteristics by parent’s sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to fathers, mothers were less likely to be married, have a higher income, report arrest history, veteran status, and lifetime opioid misuse, and more likely to report PTSD (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Problematic cannabis use did not significantly differ by parent’s sex (mothers: 15.0 %; fathers: 20.3 %). However, mothers had lower odds of using concentrates (AOR: 0.56, 95 % CI: 0.33–0.96) and higher odds of using capsules (AOR: 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.09–3.19), tinctures (AOR: 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.01–2.87), using at specific times (AOR: 1.85, 95 % CI: 1.08–3.16), and using alone (AOR: 1.79, 95 % CI: 1.02–3.14). Mothers also had higher odds of frequent sleep problems (AOR: 1.96, 95 % CI: 1.18–3.25) and moderate-to-severe anxiety (AOR: 1.91, 95 % CI: 1.14–3.20).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Mothers showed greater socioeconomic vulnerability, elevated anxiety and sleep disturbances, and more discreet cannabis use, while fathers had more flexible use patterns and fewer anxiety symptoms, despite greater lifetime adversity. These differences highlight the need for gender-responsive programs to support parents who use medical cannabis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco and cannabis co-use in France: Results from a national representative survey","authors":"Tangui Barré ,&nbsp;Vincent Di Beo ,&nbsp;Camelia Protopopescu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Lahaie ,&nbsp;Raphaël Andler ,&nbsp;Viêt Nguyen-Thanh ,&nbsp;Anne Pasquereau ,&nbsp;Patrizia Carrieri ,&nbsp;François Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Tobacco use is a leading global risk factor for premature mortality. Cannabis-related harms are well documented, and its co-use with tobacco may hinder smoking cessation efforts. Moreover, tobacco use may amplify certain cannabis-related harms. To inform targeted interventions, we provided estimates of tobacco and cannabis co-use prevalence and correlates in France.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from a 2021 nationwide representative sample of French population aged 18–64 years, we estimated the prevalence of tobacco and cannabis co-use. Co-use was defined as reporting daily cigarette smoking and at least monthly cannabis use. We used multinomial logistic regression models to identify factors associated with co-use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 18,288 study participants, 71.8 % reported no use of cannabis or tobacco (‘no-use’ group), 22.3 % tobacco mono-use, 1.4 % cannabis mono-use, and 4.5 % co-use of both substances. Individuals who co-used reported a more frequent cannabis use than those who mono-used cannabis. Having financial difficulties was significantly associated with co-use, compared to tobacco and cannabis mono-use. After multivariable adjustment, the odds of co-use compared with ‘no-use’ was 2.3 times higher for participants with a poor health status, and 3.0 times higher for those with financial difficulties. Reporting a major depressive episode and unhealthy alcohol use were also significantly associated with co-use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The clinical management of individuals who co-use tobacco and cannabis should include comprehensive assessments of physical and mental health, as well as alcohol consumption. Interventions to reduce co-use-related harms should also address the adverse social conditions experienced by this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid biomarkers in urine as reliable and valid correlates of opium use characteristics: A 10-year longitudinal assessment","authors":"Mahdokht Naghash ,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Shaner ,&nbsp;Hossein Poustchi ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Roshandel ,&nbsp;Katrice D. Williams ,&nbsp;Abraham Tuachi ,&nbsp;Farin Kamangar ,&nbsp;Paolo Boffetta ,&nbsp;Christian C. Abnet ,&nbsp;Elizabeth I. Hamelin ,&nbsp;Neal D. Freedman ,&nbsp;Reza Malekzadeh ,&nbsp;Arash Etemadi","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Biomarkers can clarify the mechanistic bases of health effects associated with opiate use and improve evaluating dose-response relationships by quantifying the absorbed dose through different routes and patterns of use, supporting the generalizability of opium research findings to broader opioid use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited 449 individuals who used opium and 66 individuals who did not, 10 years after baseline evaluation in a cohort study. At both time points, we collected self-reported characteristics of opium use (route, frequency, type, and dose) and measured urinary concentrations of codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, and morphine-6-glucuronide in spot urine samples. We used multivariate linear regression models to determine the independent effects of each opium use characteristic on biomarker concentrations. Reliability of biomarker concentrations over the 10-year interval was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) from linear mixed-effect models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the follow-up, 229 (51.0 %) subjects used opium by ingestion, which showed a significant shift compared with baseline (24.4 % ingestion). In adjusted models, opium ingestion, daily use, and presence of opioid use disorder (OUD) were associated with higher concentrations of all opioid biomarkers compared with opium smoking, non-daily use, and absence of OUD, respectively. All opioid biomarkers showed significant dose-response relationships relative to self-reported doses. Biomarker concentrations peaked when opium was used 3–4<!--> <!-->h before sample collection and declined afterwards, remaining detectable for several days. Biomarker measurements were reliable (ICCs between 0.69 and 0.78) over the 10-year interval.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Opioid biomarkers are valid markers of lifetime history, route, frequency, dose, and recency of opium use and OUD diagnosis, and demonstrate good long-term reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived racism-based police violence and substance use among black and hispanic emerging adults: Evidence from a national sample","authors":"Robert O. Motley Jr ,&nbsp;Eric Williamson ,&nbsp;Melissa McTernan ,&nbsp;Sara Beeler ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Salas-Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Racism-based police violence (RPV) is an emerging public health concern. However, limited research has examined the relationship between RPV exposure and substance use, particularly among Black or African American and Hispanic emerging adults aged 18–29 years. This study assessed associations between lifetime RPV exposure across three domains (direct victimization, witnessing in person, and media-based exposure) and past 30-day and 12-month alcohol and cannabis use in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to October 2023 using a national nonprobability internet sample recruited via Qualtrics. The analytic sample included 936 Black or African American (48 %) and Hispanic (52 %) emerging adults. Negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to examine associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher levels of RPV exposure were significantly associated with increased alcohol and cannabis use. RPV–Victim exposure was the strongest predictor of alcohol use, including past 30-day (IRR = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.05) and 12-month (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.07) use. RPV–Witness exposure was most strongly associated with cannabis use, including past 30-day (IRR = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.03) and 12-month (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.06) use. A dose-response pattern was observed across increasing levels of RPV exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RPV exposure is a significant correlate of alcohol and cannabis use among Black or African American and Hispanic emerging adults. Findings suggest that perceived racialized policing is a significant risk factor for substance use and warrants further investigation as a potential structural determinant, highlighting it as an important target for public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isradipine enhancement of virtual reality cue exposure therapy is effective for individuals with higher baseline cue-induced craving","authors":"Santiago Papini ,&nbsp;Cara C. Young ,&nbsp;Richard A. Brown ,&nbsp;Haruka Minami ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Morikawa ,&nbsp;Michael W. Otto ,&nbsp;John D. Roache ,&nbsp;Jasper A.J. Smits","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Evidence based treatments for smoking cessation have high recurrence rates. Targeting cue-induced craving, a strong predictor of smoking recurrence, may be critical to promoting sustained abstinence. We previously found that isradipine, an FDA-approved antihypertensive, enhanced the effect of virtual reality cue exposure therapy (VR-CET) on cue-induced craving. In this secondary analysis we tested whether this augmentation strategy was more beneficial for participants with high (relative to low) baseline cue-induced craving.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After a 24-h abstinence challenge, participants (N = 78) completed a single session of VR-CET with isradipine or placebo, and returned for a 24-h follow-up to repeat the procedure in a medication-free state. We conducted a moderator analysis to test the hypothesis that the effect of isradipine on cue-induced craving at follow-up would be larger among participants with higher (relative to lower) baseline cue-reactivity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the model of cue-induced craving at follow-up, the Group ×  Baseline cue-reactivity interaction was significant, <em>p</em> = .045. Among participants with higher baseline cue-induced craving, isradipine resulted in a large, significant reduction in mean craving in the follow-up session (<em>M</em> difference = −18.17, 95 % CI [−31.38, −4.95], <em>p</em> = .01, <em>d</em> = −1.46). Among participants with lower baseline cue-induced craving, results were not significantly different across groups (<em>M</em> difference = 1.38, 95 % CI [−12.98, 15.75], <em>p</em> = .85, <em>d</em> = 0.11).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results suggest isradipine enhances VR-CET, particularly for individuals with higher baseline levels of cue-induced craving. Future studies testing prevention strategies that target higher cue-induced craving with isradipine to reduce rates of smoking recurrence are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Opioid Treatment Programs in Medicaid claims data to support quality improvement","authors":"Barrett Wallace Montgomery,&nbsp;Tami L. Mark,&nbsp;William Dowd,&nbsp;Chelsea Katz,&nbsp;Dylan DeLisle,&nbsp;Thanh Lu,&nbsp;Minglu Sun,&nbsp;Gary A. Zarkin","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the United States, opioid treatment programs (OTPS) are the only provider type licensed to dispense methadone. Recently, U.S. regulators revised OTPs regulations with the aim of making OTP treatment more patient-centered and improving retention in treatment. Creating OTPs retention measures across all OTPs in the U.S. would give OTPs an important window into their retention rates relative to benchmarks and help identify which policies and procedures are most effective in improving retention. In the United States, insurance claims data are one of the few data sources available to create these metrics. Claims data include national provider identifiers; however, the Federal agency that regulates OTPs does not make public which national provider identifiers are associated with OTPs. This study investigated whether other variables captured in Medicaid claims could be used to identify OTPs. We identified two variables: methadone dispensing procedure codes and methadone clinic taxonomy codes, which identified 80 % and 66.8 % of the count of Medicaid-participating OTPs.Place of service and bill type codes were recently added to claims data and may be useful in the future. Methadone can reduce overdose deaths by 50 % but only if patients are maintained on methadone long enough. OTP metrics created with insurance claims data would facilitate efforts to improve retention and outcomes. This study identifies a practical way to identify OTPs in claims data to support such measures in the absence of a Federal list of OTPs and their national provider identifiers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinically characterizing adults who use kava or kratom: Substance use disorder assessment challenges for increasingly popular botanical products","authors":"Katherine Hill ,&nbsp;Edward W. Boyer ,&nbsp;Kirsten E. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Kratom (<em>Mitragyna speciosa</em>) and kava (<em>Piper methysticum</em>) are psychoactive botanicals with growing popularity We aimed to characterize the clinical characteristics of people who have consumed these products.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an online survey of US adults who have used kava or kratom. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) substance use disorder (SUD) criteria were used to assess symptoms related to past-year kratom and/or kava use. Respondents were also asked to report on the compatibility of kava and kratom effects with daily living.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 367 participants, 91.3 % reported lifetime kratom use and 49.0 % reported lifetime kava use. There was substantial overlap of lifetime use of both substances (40.3 %). Past-year SUD diagnostic criteria for kratom were met by 38.1 % of participants; when this group was dichotomized by past-year kava use, those who also co-used kava had higher proportions of endorsing symptoms of “using more kratom than intended” and “needing to use larger amounts to feel the same effect” than those who used kratom without kava (p = 0.032 and p = 0.011, respectively). Meeting SUD criteria for kava was uncommon among those reporting past-year use (7.5 %), regardless of past-year kratom use. Kratom effects were perceived as helpful and compatible with daily living, though fewer reported this for kava effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Assessment of patients using kratom or kava may become challenging due to co-use. The relative rewarding and reinforcing effects of these botanicals alone or combined requires systematic study. SUD for either is possible but should be contextualized by patient-level factors including other substance use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New methodology to improve tracking of Veteran overdose deaths and characterization of a population of Veteran overdose decedents in San Diego County","authors":"Benjamin I. Felleman ,&nbsp;Neal M. Doran ,&nbsp;Octaviana Hemmy Asamsama ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Oliva ,&nbsp;Benjamin H. Han","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;National trends indicate that drug-related deaths among Veterans have been increasing from 2010 to 2019. The present study involves a recent analysis of drug mortality data for a single large Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System. The aims of the study included (1) the identification of VA patients with drug-related deaths, (2) patient characteristics and service utilization patterns of VA patients with drug-related deaths, and (3) the evaluation of existing internal tracking systems for monitoring drug-related deaths.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This retrospective study matched VA enrollment records to San Diego County Medical Examiner (ME) data from January 2019 to June 2023. The records of individuals who died of a drug-related overdose in San Diego County were matched to VA medical records. Chart reviews were conducted to evaluate the extent to which intentional and accidental overdose events were documented in electronic medical records, and to examine demographic and clinical characteristics and healthcare utilization in Veterans who died by overdose.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;From January 2019 to June 2023 there were a total of 140 drug overdose deaths, 91.4 % were accidental (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 128) and 8.6 % were intentional (n = 12). Prior to ME data matching, VA records captured 9.6 % of accidental drug overdoses (n = 15) and 100 % of intentional drug overdoses (n = 12). Fentanyl or fentanyl analogs were involved in 37.1 % (n = 52) of intentional and unintentional drug overdose deaths with the combination of fentanyl and methamphetamine being the next most specific common cause of death (n = 30; 21.4 %). In terms of VA healthcare utilization, in the year prior to their death, 63.6 % of Veterans accessed care. Among those 89&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;VA patients, they most commonly utilized the emergency department (75 %) and primary care (56.2 %). Among the 20 % of Veterans with opioid use disorder (OUD), in the year prior to their death, 39.3 % were dispensed a prescription for naloxone and 35.7 % were dispensed a medication for OUD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Comparing VA records to county ME records revealed that VA records missed over 80 % of drug-related overdose deaths—4 out of every 5 deaths. While accurate for intentional overdoses, accidental overdoses—which comprise the vast majority of drug overdose deaths—were missing over 90 % of the time. Given that drug toxicology results were consistent with county trends, this suggests that VA records severely underestimate drug overdose deaths. Approximately two-thirds of VA patients who died of drug overdose access VA and most were seen in the emergency department and over half in primary care—identifying these as important intervention targets for overdose prevention. Given the gaps in capturing drug overdose deaths, other healthcare systems looking to prevent overdose deaths, and especially other VA systems, may want to consider adopting si","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of literature on substance use in nightlife settings utilizing in situ data collection","authors":"Renata Glavak-Tkalić ,&nbsp;Mike Vuolo ,&nbsp;Anja Wertag","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nightlife environments, including nightclubs, bars, and entertainment districts, are associated with elevated substance use and related harms. <em>In situ</em> nightlife studies offer an opportunity to capture real-time data on substance use from targeted populations. Despite the growing number of studies, no systematic review has yet been conducted on this topic. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to explore empirical <em>in situ</em> research in nightlife settings, with a focus on substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted across four databases (WOS, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar) for English-language peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2014 and 2023 that involved <em>in situ</em> primary data collection about substance use in nightlife settings. In total, 55 articles met the inclusion criteria. Detailed data were extracted on various aspects, such as study design, recruitment methods, substances reported, and key findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Included studies represented the United States, Europe, Brazil, and Oceania. Most (93 %) employed surveys; over half (56 %) also collected biomarkers. Substance use was highest among males, young adults, and sexual minorities, with polydrug use and high-risk behavior particularly prevalent in Electronic Dance Music scenes. Included articles varied substantially in their focus, including prevalence, correlates, patterns, harms, and interventions. Recruitment and reporting methods varied widely, complicating cross-study comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review highlights both the value and challenges of <em>in situ</em> research. Biomarker data enhance the reliability of self-report measures, while inconsistent reporting and non-random sampling limit generalizability. Future research should adopt standardized reporting guidelines that would allow for stronger evidence, permit reproducibility, and increase transparency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}