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Power Solitons in Inverter-based Electric Energy Systems: Observation, Analysis and Implications 基于逆变器的电力系统中的功率孤子:观察、分析和启示
John N. Jiang
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning in Transaction Monitoring: The Prospect of xAI 事务监控中的机器学习:xAI的前景
Julie Gerlings, Ioanna D. Constantiou
Banks hold a societal responsibility and regulatory requirements to mitigate the risk of financial crimes. Risk mitigation primarily happens through monitoring customer activity through Transaction Monitoring (TM). Recently, Machine Learning (ML) has been proposed to identify suspicious customer behavior, which raises complex socio-technical implications around trust and explainability of ML models and their outputs. However, little research is available due to its sensitivity. We aim to fill this gap by presenting empirical research exploring how ML supported automation and augmentation affects the TM process and stakeholders' requirements for building eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI). Our study finds that xAI requirements depend on the liable party in the TM process which changes depending on augmentation or automation of TM. Context-relatable explanations can provide much-needed support for auditing and may diminish bias in the investigator's judgement. These results suggest a use case-specific approach for xAI to adequately foster the adoption of ML in TM.
银行承担着社会责任和监管要求,以减轻金融犯罪的风险。风险缓解主要是通过事务监控(Transaction monitoring, TM)监控客户活动来实现的。最近,机器学习(ML)被提出用于识别可疑的客户行为,这引发了围绕ML模型及其输出的信任和可解释性的复杂社会技术影响。然而,由于其敏感性,研究很少。我们的目标是通过提出实证研究来填补这一空白,探索ML支持的自动化和增强如何影响TM过程和利益相关者对构建可解释的人工智能(xAI)的需求。我们的研究发现,xAI需求取决于TM过程中的责任方,而责任方的变化取决于TM的增强或自动化。与上下文相关的解释可以为审计提供急需的支持,并可能减少调查员判断中的偏见。这些结果为xAI提出了一种特定于用例的方法,以充分促进ML在TM中的采用。
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引用次数: 1
Codeless App Development: Evaluating A Cloud-Native Domain-Specific Functions Approach 无代码应用程序开发:评估云原生领域特定功能方法
Chuhao Wu, José Miguel Pérez-Álvarez, Adrian Mos, John Millar Carroll
Mobile applications play an important role in the economy today and there is an increasing trend for app enablement on multiple platforms. However, creating, distributing, and maintaining an application remain expert tasks. Even for software developers, the process can be error-prone and resource-consuming, especially when targeting different platforms simultaneously. Researchers have proposed several frameworks to facilitate cross-platform app development, but little attention has been paid to non-technical users. In this paper, we described the Flow framework, which takes the advantage of domain-specific languages to enable no-code specification for app modeling. The cloud-native coordination mechanism further supports non-technical users to execute, monitor, and maintain apps for any target platforms. User evaluations were conducted to assess the usability and user experience with the system. The results indicated that users can develop apps in Flow with ease, but the prototype could be optimized to reduce learning time and workload.
移动应用在当今的经济中扮演着重要的角色,并且在多个平台上运行应用的趋势也越来越明显。然而,创建、分发和维护应用程序仍然是专家的任务。即使对于软件开发人员来说,这个过程也可能容易出错,并且消耗资源,特别是在同时针对不同平台时。研究人员提出了几个框架来促进跨平台应用程序的开发,但很少关注非技术用户。在本文中,我们描述了Flow框架,它利用特定于领域的语言来实现应用程序建模的无代码规范。云原生协调机制进一步支持非技术用户为任何目标平台执行、监控和维护应用程序。进行用户评估以评估系统的可用性和用户体验。结果表明,用户可以轻松地在Flow中开发应用程序,但原型可以优化,以减少学习时间和工作量。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Domain Adaptation for Detecting Bomb Craters in Aerial Images 航空图像中炸弹弹坑的深度域自适应检测
Marco Geiger, Dominik Martin, Niklas Kühl
The aftermath of air raids can still be seen for decades after the devastating events. Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is an immense danger to human life and the environment. Through the assessment of wartime images, experts can infer the occurrence of a dud. The current manual analysis process is expensive and time-consuming, thus automated detection of bomb craters by using deep learning is a promising way to improve the UXO disposal process. However, these methods require a large amount of manually labeled training data. This work leverages domain adaptation with moon surface images to address the problem of automated bomb crater detection with deep learning under the constraint of limited training data. This paper contributes to both academia and practice (1) by providing a solution approach for automated bomb crater detection with limited training data and (2) by demonstrating the usability and associated challenges of using synthetic images for domain adaptation.
空袭的后果在毁灭性事件发生几十年后仍然可以看到。未爆弹药是对人类生命和环境的巨大危险。通过对战时图像的评估,专家们可以推断出哑弹的发生。目前的人工分析过程既昂贵又耗时,因此利用深度学习自动探测弹坑是改进未爆弹药处理过程的一种有前途的方法。然而,这些方法需要大量手工标记的训练数据。本研究利用月球表面图像的域自适应,解决了在有限训练数据约束下深度学习自动弹坑检测的问题。本文对学术界和实践都有贡献:(1)提供了一种基于有限训练数据的自动弹坑检测解决方案;(2)展示了使用合成图像进行域适应的可用性和相关挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Response Recovery Using Ambient Synchrophasor Data: A Synthetic Texas Interconnection Case Study 使用环境同步量数据的动态响应恢复:一个综合的德克萨斯互联案例研究
Shaohui Liu, Hao Zhu, V. Kekatos
Wide-area dynamic studies are of paramount importance to ensure the stability and reliability of power grids. This paper puts forth a comprehensive framework for inferring the dynamic responses in the small-signal regime using ubiquitous fast-rate ambient data collected during normal grid operations. We have shown that the impulse response between any pair of locations can be recovered in a model-free fashion by cross-correlating angle and power flow data streams collected only at these two locations, going beyond previous work based on frequency data only. The result has been established via model-based analysis of linearized second-order swing dynamics under certain conditions. Numerical validations demonstrate its applicability to realistic power system models including nonlinear, higher-order dynamics. In particular, the case study using synthetic PMU data on a synthetic Texas Interconnection (TI) system strongly corroborates the benefit of using angle PMU data over frequency data for real-world power system dynamic modeling.
广域动态研究对于保证电网的稳定性和可靠性至关重要。本文提出了一个综合的框架,利用在正常电网运行中收集的无处不在的快速率环境数据来推断小信号状态下的动态响应。我们已经证明,任何一对位置之间的脉冲响应都可以通过仅在这两个位置收集的交叉相关角度和功率流数据流以无模型的方式恢复,超越了以前仅基于频率数据的工作。通过对一定条件下线性化二阶摆振动力学的模型分析,得到了结果。数值验证表明该方法适用于包括非线性、高阶动力学在内的实际电力系统模型。特别是,在得克萨斯综合互联(TI)系统上使用综合PMU数据的案例研究,有力地证实了在实际电力系统动态建模中,使用角度PMU数据比使用频率数据的好处。
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引用次数: 1
Process Mining Meets Visual Analytics: The Case of Conformance Checking 过程挖掘与可视化分析:一致性检查的案例
Jana-Rebecca Rehse, Luise Pufahl, Michael Grohs, Lisa-Marie Klein
Conformance checking is a major function of process mining, which allows organizations to identify and alleviate potential deviations from the intended process behavior. To fully leverage its benefits, it is important that conformance checking results are visualized in a way that is approachable and understandable for non-expert users. However, the visualization of conformance checking results has so far not been widely considered in research. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to develop an understanding of how conformance checking results are visualized by process mining tools to provide a foundation for further research on this topic. We conduct a systematic study, where we analyze the visualization capabilities of nine academic and seven commercial tools by means of a visual analytics framework. In this study, we find that the ''Why?'' aspect of conformance checking visualization seems already be well-defined, but the ''What?'' and ''How?'' aspects require future research.
一致性检查是过程挖掘的一个主要功能,它允许组织识别和减轻对预期过程行为的潜在偏差。为了充分利用它的好处,一致性检查结果以一种非专业用户可接近和可理解的方式可视化是很重要的。然而,一致性检查结果的可视化迄今尚未在研究中得到广泛的考虑。因此,本文的目标是了解如何通过过程挖掘工具将一致性检查结果可视化,从而为进一步研究该主题提供基础。我们进行了一项系统的研究,通过可视化分析框架,我们分析了九种学术工具和七种商业工具的可视化能力。在这项研究中,我们发现“为什么?”的方面似乎已经很好地定义了,但是“什么?”和“怎么做?”这方面需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 1
Kernel-Segregated Transpose Convolution Operation 核分离转置卷积运算
Vijay Srinivas Tida, Sai Venkatesh Chilukoti, X. Hei, Sonya Hsu
Transpose convolution has shown prominence in many deep learning applications. However, transpose convolution layers are computationally intensive due to the increased feature map size due to adding zeros after each element in each row and column. Thus, convolution operation on the expanded input feature map leads to poor utilization of hardware resources. The main reason for unnecessary multiplication operations is zeros at predefined positions in the input feature map. We propose an algorithmic-level optimization technique for the effective transpose convolution implementation to solve these problems. Based on kernel activations, we segregated the original kernel into four sub-kernels. This scheme could reduce memory requirements and unnecessary multiplications. Our proposed method was $3.09 (3.02) times$ faster computation using the Titan X GPU (Intel Dual Core CPU) with a flower dataset from the Kaggle website. Furthermore, the proposed optimization method can be generalized to existing devices without additional hardware requirements. A simple deep learning model containing one transpose convolution layer was used to evaluate the optimization method. It showed $2.2 times$ faster training using the MNIST dataset with an Intel Dual-core CPU than the conventional implementation.
转置卷积在许多深度学习应用中表现突出。然而,转置卷积层的计算量很大,因为由于在每行和每列的每个元素后面添加零而增加了特征映射的大小。因此,对扩展后的输入特征图进行卷积运算,会导致硬件资源利用率较低。不必要的乘法操作的主要原因是输入特征映射中预定义位置的零。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种有效的转置卷积算法级优化技术。基于内核激活,我们将原始内核划分为四个子内核。该方案可以减少内存需求和不必要的乘法。我们提出的方法使用Titan X GPU(英特尔双核CPU)和来自Kaggle网站的花数据集,计算速度提高了3.09(3.02)倍。此外,所提出的优化方法可以推广到现有的设备,而不需要额外的硬件要求。使用一个包含一个转置卷积层的简单深度学习模型来评估优化方法。它显示使用MNIST数据集和英特尔双核CPU的训练速度比传统实现快2.2倍。
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引用次数: 1
Fox in the Henhouse: The Delegation of Regulatory and Privacy Enforcement to Big Tech 鸡窝里的狐狸:监管和隐私执法向大型科技公司的授权
W. Bendix, J. Mackay
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) requires tech giants to identify and remove apps from their platforms that use deceitful sales tactics or violate user privacy. Tech giants have often resisted FTC orders because policing diminishes their profits. But while some firms have eventually complied with FTC demands, other firms have continued to shirk enforcement at the risk of escalating fines. What accounts for these different responses? Examining Apple, Google and Facebook, we find that tech giants willingly police consumer fraud but not consumer privacy violations. Failures to police fraud have led to public complaints and negative press attention, while failures to police data breaches often go undetected by users, the media and thus the FTC. We conclude that tech giants can act as effective regulatory agents on the government's behalf, but only when they police activities they cannot conceal.
美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)要求科技巨头识别并从其平台上删除使用欺骗性销售策略或侵犯用户隐私的应用程序。科技巨头经常抵制联邦贸易委员会的命令,因为监管会减少他们的利润。但是,虽然一些公司最终遵守了联邦贸易委员会的要求,但其他公司仍在冒着罚款不断增加的风险逃避执法。是什么导致了这些不同的反应?通过对苹果(Apple)、谷歌(Google)和Facebook的研究,我们发现科技巨头愿意监管消费者欺诈行为,但不愿意监管侵犯消费者隐私的行为。对欺诈行为的监管不力导致了公众的抱怨和媒体的负面关注,而对数据泄露的监管不力往往不会被用户、媒体和联邦贸易委员会发现。我们得出的结论是,科技巨头可以代表政府充当有效的监管机构,但前提是它们对自己无法隐瞒的活动进行监管。
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引用次数: 0
Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning Model for Covid-19 Disease Detection 用于Covid-19疾病检测的隐私保护深度学习模型
Vijay Srinivas Tida, Sai Venkatesh Chilukoti, Sonya Hsu, X. Hei
Recent studies demonstrated that X-ray radiography showed higher accuracy than Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing for COVID-19 detection. Therefore, applying deep learning models to X-rays and radiography images increases the speed and accuracy of determining COVID-19 cases. However, due to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) compliance, the hospitals were unwilling to share patient data due to privacy concerns. To maintain privacy, we propose differential private deep learning models to secure the patients' private information. The dataset from the Kaggle website is used to evaluate the designed model for COVID-19 detection. The EfficientNet model version was selected according to its highest test accuracy. The injection of differential privacy constraints into the best-obtained model was made to evaluate performance. The accuracy is noted by varying the trainable layers, privacy loss, and limiting information from each sample. We obtained 84% accuracy with a privacy loss of 10 during the fine-tuning process.
最近的研究表明,x射线摄影检测COVID-19的准确性高于聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测。因此,将深度学习模型应用于x射线和x线摄影图像可以提高确定COVID-19病例的速度和准确性。然而,由于符合健康保险可携带性和问责制(HIPAA),由于隐私问题,医院不愿意共享患者数据。为了保护隐私,我们提出了差分隐私深度学习模型来保护患者的隐私信息。来自Kaggle网站的数据集用于评估设计的COVID-19检测模型。effentnet模型版本是根据其最高的测试精度选择的。将差分隐私约束注入到最佳模型中以评估性能。通过改变可训练层、隐私损失和每个样本的限制信息来注意准确性。在微调过程中,我们获得了84%的准确率,隐私损失为10。
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引用次数: 2
Combinations of Affinity Functions for Different Community Detection Algorithms in Social Networks 社交网络中不同社区检测算法的亲和力函数组合
Javier Fumanal Idocin, O. Cordón, M. Minárová, Amparo Alonso Betanzos, H. Bustince
Social network analysis is a popular discipline among the social and behavioural sciences, in which the relationships between different social entities are modelled as a network. One of the most popular problems in social network analysis is finding communities in its network structure. Usually, a community in a social network is a functional sub-partition of the graph. However, as the definition of community is somewhat imprecise, many algorithms have been proposed to solve this task, each of them focusing on different social characteristics of the actors and the communities. In this work we propose to use novel combinations of affinity functions, which are designed to capture different social mechanics in the network interactions. We use them to extend already existing community detection algorithms in order to combine the capacity of the affinity functions to model different social interactions than those exploited by the original algorithms.
社会网络分析是社会和行为科学中的一门流行学科,其中不同社会实体之间的关系被建模为一个网络。社会网络分析中最常见的问题之一是在其网络结构中寻找社区。通常,社交网络中的社区是图的功能子分区。然而,由于社区的定义有些不精确,已经提出了许多算法来解决这一任务,每种算法都关注行动者和社区的不同社会特征。在这项工作中,我们建议使用新的亲和力函数组合,旨在捕捉网络交互中的不同社会机制。我们使用它们来扩展已经存在的社区检测算法,以便结合亲和力函数的能力来模拟不同于原始算法所利用的社会互动。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
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