Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. As iNPH often occurs in elderly individuals prone to many types of comorbidity, a differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative diseases is crucial, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of published work provides evidence of radiological methods, including multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which may help noninvasively differentiate iNPH from AD or reveal concurrent AD pathology in vivo. Imaging methods detecting morphological changes, white matter microstructural changes, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and molecular imaging have been widely applied in iNPH patients. Here, we review radiological biomarkers using different methods in evaluating iNPH pathophysiology and differentiating or detecting concomitant AD, to noninvasively predict the possible outcome postshunt and select candidates for shunt surgery.
特发性正常压力脑积水（iNPH）是一种以认知能力下降、步态障碍和尿失禁为特征的临床综合征。由于 iNPH 通常发生在容易合并多种疾病的老年人身上，因此与其他神经退行性疾病，尤其是阿尔茨海默病（AD）进行鉴别诊断至关重要。越来越多的已发表论文提供了放射学方法的证据，包括多模态磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描，这些方法可能有助于无创鉴别 iNPH 和 AD 或揭示体内并发的 AD 病理。检测形态学变化、白质微结构变化、脑脊液循环和分子成像的成像方法已广泛应用于 iNPH 患者。在此，我们回顾了使用不同方法评估 iNPH 病理生理学、区分或检测并发 AD 的放射学生物标志物，以无创预测分流术后可能出现的结果并选择分流手术的候选者。
{"title":"Radiological biomarkers of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: new approaches for detecting concomitant Alzheimer's disease and predicting prognosis.","authors":"Hanlin Cai, Yinxi Zou, Hui Gao, Keru Huang, Yu Liu, Yuting Cheng, Yi Liu, Liangxue Zhou, Dong Zhou, Qin Chen","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. As iNPH often occurs in elderly individuals prone to many types of comorbidity, a differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative diseases is crucial, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of published work provides evidence of radiological methods, including multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which may help noninvasively differentiate iNPH from AD or reveal concurrent AD pathology <i>in vivo</i>. Imaging methods detecting morphological changes, white matter microstructural changes, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and molecular imaging have been widely applied in iNPH patients. Here, we review radiological biomarkers using different methods in evaluating iNPH pathophysiology and differentiating or detecting concomitant AD, to noninvasively predict the possible outcome postshunt and select candidates for shunt surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"23 1","pages":"156-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10917212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78381037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-02Epub Date: 2016-10-15DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000612
Laisel Martinez, Juan C Duque, Luis A Escobar, Marwan Tabbara, Arif Asif, Fadi Fayad, Roberto I Vazquez-Padron, Loay H Salman
Purpose: Whether statins improve arteriovenous fistula (AVF) outcomes is still a matter of debate. Taking into consideration the existing physicochemical differences between individual drugs, this study evaluates the impact of three different statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin) on one-stage and two-stage AVF outcomes.
Methods: Using a retrospective cohort of 535 patients, we analyzed the effects of each statin on primary failure and primary patency using multivariate logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazard models.
Results: Out of the three statins analyzed, only atorvastatin improved the overall primary failure of AVF (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18, p = 0.005). Comparisons between the two AVF types demonstrated that this effect was due to a prominent reduction in primary failure of one-stage (OR = 0.03; p = 0.005), but not two-stage fistulas (OR = 0.43; p = 0.25). In contrast, primary patency of two-stage (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.51; p = 0.024), but not one-stage fistulas (HR = 0.98; p = 0.95), was improved by all statins as a group, but not by individual drugs.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the potential benefit of statins on AVF outcomes is a drug-specific and not a class effect, and that such effect is also influenced by the type of fistula.
{"title":"Distinct impact of three different statins on arteriovenous fistula outcomes: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Laisel Martinez, Juan C Duque, Luis A Escobar, Marwan Tabbara, Arif Asif, Fadi Fayad, Roberto I Vazquez-Padron, Loay H Salman","doi":"10.5301/jva.5000612","DOIUrl":"10.5301/jva.5000612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Whether statins improve arteriovenous fistula (AVF) outcomes is still a matter of debate. Taking into consideration the existing physicochemical differences between individual drugs, this study evaluates the impact of three different statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin) on one-stage and two-stage AVF outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a retrospective cohort of 535 patients, we analyzed the effects of each statin on primary failure and primary patency using multivariate logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazard models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the three statins analyzed, only atorvastatin improved the overall primary failure of AVF (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18, p = 0.005). Comparisons between the two AVF types demonstrated that this effect was due to a prominent reduction in primary failure of one-stage (OR = 0.03; p = 0.005), but not two-stage fistulas (OR = 0.43; p = 0.25). In contrast, primary patency of two-stage (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.51; p = 0.024), but not one-stage fistulas (HR = 0.98; p = 0.95), was improved by all statins as a group, but not by individual drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the potential benefit of statins on AVF outcomes is a drug-specific and not a class effect, and that such effect is also influenced by the type of fistula.</p>","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"26 1","pages":"471-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10970648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78381121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85990-1_76
Junghoon Lee, Xiaofeng Liu, Jerry L Prince, Gabor Fichtinger
A tomosynthesis-based prostate brachytherapy seed localization method is described. Gaussian-blurred images are computed from a limited number of X-ray images, and a 3-D volume is reconstructed by backprojection. Candidate seed locations are extracted from the reconstructed volume and false positive seeds are removed by optimizing a local cost function. In case where the estimated pose error is large, a self-calibration process corrects the estimation error of the intrinsic camera parameters and the translation of the pose in order to improve the reconstruction. Simulation and phantom experiment results imply that the implanted seed locations can be estimated from four or five images depending on the number of seeds. The algorithm was also validated using patient data, successfully localizing the implanted seeds.
本文介绍了一种基于断层扫描的前列腺近距离放射粒子定位方法。从数量有限的 X 射线图像中计算出高斯模糊图像，然后通过反投影重建三维体积。从重建的体积中提取候选种子位置，并通过优化局部成本函数去除假阳性种子。在估计姿势误差较大的情况下，自校准过程可纠正相机固有参数的估计误差和姿势的平移，从而改善重建效果。模拟和模型实验结果表明，根据种子的数量，植入种子的位置可以通过四到五幅图像估算出来。该算法还利用患者数据进行了验证，成功定位了植入的种子。
{"title":"Prostate brachytherapy seed localization with Gaussian blurring and camera self-calibration.","authors":"Junghoon Lee, Xiaofeng Liu, Jerry L Prince, Gabor Fichtinger","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-85990-1_76","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-540-85990-1_76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A tomosynthesis-based prostate brachytherapy seed localization method is described. Gaussian-blurred images are computed from a limited number of X-ray images, and a 3-D volume is reconstructed by backprojection. Candidate seed locations are extracted from the reconstructed volume and false positive seeds are removed by optimizing a local cost function. In case where the estimated pose error is large, a self-calibration process corrects the estimation error of the intrinsic camera parameters and the translation of the pose in order to improve the reconstruction. Simulation and phantom experiment results imply that the implanted seed locations can be estimated from four or five images depending on the number of seeds. The algorithm was also validated using patient data, successfully localizing the implanted seeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"23 1","pages":"636-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75700756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-07DOI: 10.1016/J.JGI.2003.12.018
T. Read
{"title":"International Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Policy Implications By Loren Yager, Director, International Affairs and Trade. Report to the Ranking Senate Minority Member of the Joint Economic Committee. United Sates General Accounting Office, GAO-02-404. March 2002. Pages 1–98","authors":"T. Read","doi":"10.1016/J.JGI.2003.12.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JGI.2003.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54470834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1352-0237(03)00088-1
Juri Stratford
{"title":"Computerized and networked government information columnDevelopments in U.S. Federal E-Government Efforts","authors":"Juri Stratford","doi":"10.1016/S1352-0237(03)00088-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-0237(03)00088-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"30 1","pages":"542-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1352-0237(03)00088-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56423031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01Epub Date: 2004-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jgi.2004.09.007
Dian Olson Belanger
When 1 July 1957 “dawned” in the dark of the south polar night, Americans at seven scientific stations scattered across Antarctica officially began systematic, synoptic observations of the air above and ice below. Joining scientists from 11 other countries on the polar continent, they were part of the International Geophysical Year, an 18-month worldwide effort to understand the earth and its environment. The Navy and other military services provided the transportation, construction, and maintenance to make life and work possible on the ice. The scientific success and value of the IGY inspired a mechanism—the Antarctic Treaty of 1959—for a peaceful future focused on the cooperative pursuit of scientific knowledge. While imperfect and fragile, the treaty is still in force and, with continuing military and civilian support, scientific research in Antarctica prospers. All this was achieved in a remarkably short time, by disparate, thinly acquainted, mutually wary cultures—military, scientific, and diplomatic. All the more astonishing is that it happened within the tense context of the Cold War, as statesmen and warriors were wise enough to allow “apolitical” scientists to lead where they could not.
{"title":"The international geophysical year in Antarctica: Uncommon collaborations, unprecedented results","authors":"Dian Olson Belanger","doi":"10.1016/j.jgi.2004.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgi.2004.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When 1 July 1957 “dawned” in the dark of the south polar night, Americans at seven scientific stations scattered across Antarctica officially began systematic, synoptic observations of the air above and ice below. Joining scientists from 11 other countries on the polar continent, they were part of the International Geophysical Year, an 18-month worldwide effort to understand the earth and its environment. The Navy and other military services provided the transportation, construction, and maintenance to make life and work possible on the ice. The scientific success and value of the IGY inspired a mechanism—the Antarctic Treaty of 1959—for a peaceful future focused on the cooperative pursuit of scientific knowledge. While imperfect and fragile, the treaty is still in force and, with continuing military and civilian support, scientific research in Antarctica prospers. All this was achieved in a remarkably short time, by disparate, thinly acquainted, mutually wary cultures—military, scientific, and diplomatic. All the more astonishing is that it happened within the tense context of the Cold War, as statesmen and warriors were wise enough to allow “apolitical” scientists to lead where they could not.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 482-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jgi.2004.09.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54471354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01Epub Date: 2004-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jgi.2004.08.002
Bert Chapman
{"title":"","authors":"Bert Chapman","doi":"10.1016/j.jgi.2004.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgi.2004.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"30 5","pages":"Pages 765-767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jgi.2004.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54471261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01Epub Date: 2004-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jgi.2004.11.005
Bert Chapman
During the first half of the 19th century, the United States grew from a nation confined to the Atlantic seaboard to a country on the verge of becoming a global power. One factor prompting this growth was the United States' growing intellectual, economic, and strategic interests in the Pacific Ocean. These growing interests were fueled by the material contained in governmental reports produced by entities such as the U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838–1842). This article examines U.S. government documents on the South Pacific ocean prior to the Civil War, how such documents contributed to the creation of the Smithsonian Institution, and how such documents enhanced American understanding of this region and helped contribute to expanded U.S. involvement in the South Pacific during the latter half of the 19th as well as the 20th century.
{"title":"Initial visions of paradise: Antebellum U.S. government documents on the South Pacific","authors":"Bert Chapman","doi":"10.1016/j.jgi.2004.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgi.2004.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the first half of the 19th century, the United States grew from a nation confined to the Atlantic seaboard to a country on the verge of becoming a global power. One factor prompting this growth was the United States' growing intellectual, economic, and strategic interests in the Pacific Ocean. These growing interests were fueled by the material contained in governmental reports produced by entities such as the U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838–1842). This article examines U.S. government documents on the South Pacific ocean prior to the Civil War, how such documents contributed to the creation of the Smithsonian Institution, and how such documents enhanced American understanding of this region and helped contribute to expanded U.S. involvement in the South Pacific during the latter half of the 19th as well as the 20th century.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"30 5","pages":"Pages 727-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jgi.2004.11.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54471516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01Epub Date: 2004-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jgi.2004.03.001
Marsha Selmer
{"title":"Historical Atlas of Central America","authors":"Marsha Selmer","doi":"10.1016/j.jgi.2004.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgi.2004.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 535-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jgi.2004.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91697559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01Epub Date: 2004-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jgi.2003.12.005
Simon Brackenbury, Simon de Montfalcon
{"title":"Great Britain and Northern Ireland","authors":"Simon Brackenbury, Simon de Montfalcon","doi":"10.1016/j.jgi.2003.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgi.2003.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of government information : an international review of policy, issues and resources","volume":"30 2","pages":"Pages 257-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jgi.2003.12.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54470753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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