"International organizations urged that the thousands of bloated corpses littering beaches, streets and make-shift morgues be disposed of quickly to stem the threat of disease," Agence France-Presse reported on the second day after the disaster. According to "experts" interviewed by the news agency, "the decomposing bodies contaminating water would provide ideal conditions for water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and malaria."
{"title":"Disaster : Myths that just won't die","authors":"D. Eberwine","doi":"10.1037/e509522006-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e509522006-002","url":null,"abstract":"\"International organizations urged that the thousands of bloated corpses littering beaches, streets and make-shift morgues be disposed of quickly to stem the threat of disease,\" Agence France-Presse reported on the second day after the disaster. According to \"experts\" interviewed by the news agency, \"the decomposing bodies contaminating water would provide ideal conditions for water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and malaria.\"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"263 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79060471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Out of the ashes","authors":"J. J. Molieri","doi":"10.1037/e362672004-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e362672004-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89972240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research for the people.","authors":"B Sletto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22039643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health and medical practices in the pre-Columbian Americas.","authors":"J W Verano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22039644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the application of the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, a strategy that seeks to integrate local people as equal participants in the research process, in the environmental initiatives undertaken at Trinidad and Tobago. Although governments throughout the Americas subscribe to the principle of local participation in environmental protection efforts, such participation is often more in name than in actual practice. Local people are at best questioned informally on environmental problems and concerns, but were excluded from the actual research and planning process. However, problems were lessened during the development of the PAR approach. One of the common features of PAR projects is their preventive nature. Instead of focusing on stopgap measures, these projects address the root causes of the problems. Moreover, the PAR strategy is considered a widely accepted approach to health and social science research and the best method in understanding human behavior.
{"title":"Research for the people.","authors":"B. Sletto","doi":"10.1037/e362772004-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e362772004-005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the application of the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, a strategy that seeks to integrate local people as equal participants in the research process, in the environmental initiatives undertaken at Trinidad and Tobago. Although governments throughout the Americas subscribe to the principle of local participation in environmental protection efforts, such participation is often more in name than in actual practice. Local people are at best questioned informally on environmental problems and concerns, but were excluded from the actual research and planning process. However, problems were lessened during the development of the PAR approach. One of the common features of PAR projects is their preventive nature. Instead of focusing on stopgap measures, these projects address the root causes of the problems. Moreover, the PAR strategy is considered a widely accepted approach to health and social science research and the best method in understanding human behavior.","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57756684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of disease: two worlds meet.","authors":"D H Ubelaker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1","pages":"14-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22039639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fight against Malaria, one of the most complex health problems in the 20th century, is said to be a failure, a puzzle and a challenge. The fight is a failure because the WHO worldwide eradication program that began in 1956 never achieved its goal, and malaria is currently endemic in 101 member countries consisting of 45 countries in the African region, 21 in the Americas, 4 in the European region, 14 in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 8 in the Southeast Asian region, and 9 in the Western Pacific region. Malaria is a puzzle because even after 30 years of experimentation, researchers are still looking for a vaccine. Although several vaccines (e.g., multi-gene DNA vaccine, protein vaccine, and synthetic peptide vaccine) using the latest technology are presently being developed, scientists conclude that it could take 7-15 years before an effective vaccine is made available. Furthermore, as malaria continues to infect 300 million people and to kill over 1 million per year, a challenge is seen in the inadequate health care services and impoverished socioeconomic conditions of the underdeveloped areas where this disease is most evident. Early diagnosis, immediate treatment, and preventive measures are identified as the key priorities in malaria control in the meantime. In addition, the ancient treatments such as artemisinin and quinine are also considered effective.
{"title":"Malaria: failure, puzzle, challenge.","authors":"D. Epstein","doi":"10.1037/e362772004-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e362772004-002","url":null,"abstract":"The fight against Malaria, one of the most complex health problems in the 20th century, is said to be a failure, a puzzle and a challenge. The fight is a failure because the WHO worldwide eradication program that began in 1956 never achieved its goal, and malaria is currently endemic in 101 member countries consisting of 45 countries in the African region, 21 in the Americas, 4 in the European region, 14 in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 8 in the Southeast Asian region, and 9 in the Western Pacific region. Malaria is a puzzle because even after 30 years of experimentation, researchers are still looking for a vaccine. Although several vaccines (e.g., multi-gene DNA vaccine, protein vaccine, and synthetic peptide vaccine) using the latest technology are presently being developed, scientists conclude that it could take 7-15 years before an effective vaccine is made available. Furthermore, as malaria continues to infect 300 million people and to kill over 1 million per year, a challenge is seen in the inadequate health care services and impoverished socioeconomic conditions of the underdeveloped areas where this disease is most evident. Early diagnosis, immediate treatment, and preventive measures are identified as the key priorities in malaria control in the meantime. In addition, the ancient treatments such as artemisinin and quinine are also considered effective.","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57756174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A land of possibility: Honduras' Mosquito Coast.","authors":"R Auceda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 2","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22040344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Malaria: failure, puzzle, challenge.","authors":"D Epstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22039640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the health and the medical practices of pre-Columbian people of the Americas. Since it marked the quincentennial of Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1992, the health and diseases of prehistoric people of Americas were exhibited. It is documented that 16th century Europeans and New World people had similar approaches in diagnosing and treating diseases, as well as preparing herbal medicines. Practical knowledge of medicinal plants was well developed in many New World cultures. Moreover, evidences confirming medical treatment in the pre-Columbian Americas are presented. At the time of European contact, the splinting of broken bones and the cleaning and treatment of wounds were well advanced in the native population. The study of historical documents, oral histories, and eyewitness accounts renders insight on the health status and medical practices of New World people at the time of early contact with Europe. However, archaeological researchers still continue to find artifacts to provide a deeper understanding of the long-term adaptations of human populations in the New World.
{"title":"Health and medical practices in the pre-Columbian Americas.","authors":"J. Verano","doi":"10.1037/e362772004-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e362772004-003","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the health and the medical practices of pre-Columbian people of the Americas. Since it marked the quincentennial of Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1992, the health and diseases of prehistoric people of Americas were exhibited. It is documented that 16th century Europeans and New World people had similar approaches in diagnosing and treating diseases, as well as preparing herbal medicines. Practical knowledge of medicinal plants was well developed in many New World cultures. Moreover, evidences confirming medical treatment in the pre-Columbian Americas are presented. At the time of European contact, the splinting of broken bones and the cleaning and treatment of wounds were well advanced in the native population. The study of historical documents, oral histories, and eyewitness accounts renders insight on the health status and medical practices of New World people at the time of early contact with Europe. However, archaeological researchers still continue to find artifacts to provide a deeper understanding of the long-term adaptations of human populations in the New World.","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57756436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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