Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.315
Soung-U Kim
While clause linkage is a relatively understudied area within Koreanic linguistics, the Korean –ko clause linkage has been studied more extensively. Authors have deemed it interesting since depending on the successive/non-successive interpretation of its events, a –ko clause linkage exhibits all or no properties of what is traditionally known as coordination or subordination. Jejuan –ko clauses may look fairly similar to Korean on the surface, and exhibit a similar lack of semantic specification. This study shows that the traditional, dichotomous coordination-subordination opposition is not applicable to Jejuan –ko clauses. I propose that instead of applying a-priori categories to the exploration of clause linkage in Koreanic varieties, one should apply a multidimensional model that lets patterns emerge in an inductive way.
{"title":"The Morphosyntax of Jejuan –ko Clause Linkages","authors":"Soung-U Kim","doi":"10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.315","url":null,"abstract":"While clause linkage is a relatively understudied area within Koreanic linguistics, the Korean –ko clause linkage has been studied more extensively. Authors have deemed it interesting since depending on the successive/non-successive interpretation of its events, a –ko clause linkage exhibits all or no properties of what is traditionally known as coordination or subordination. Jejuan –ko clauses may look fairly similar to Korean on the surface, and exhibit a similar lack of semantic specification. This study shows that the traditional, dichotomous coordination-subordination opposition is not applicable to Jejuan –ko clauses. I propose that instead of applying a-priori categories to the exploration of clause linkage in Koreanic varieties, one should apply a multidimensional model that lets patterns emerge in an inductive way.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44716090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.281
Chorong Kang
This paper aimed to account for unexpected accusative case on a pronominal associate in there-sentences (there was him). It is unexpected that under the long-standing assumption in generative grammar, agreement coincides with case assignment. Since there-associates appear to agree with T in number (e.g. There was/*were a dog), they are expected to be valued as nominative case. Furthermore, such a pronominal associate with accusative case is not available in there-V type sentences (*There arrived him). In this paper, I propose a multiple-there hypothesis to account for different behaviors of there-V and there-BE. In the proposal, I argue that there-s in there-V and there-BE are base-generated in different positions due to their different “grammatical roles” (semantically null expletive vs. subject argument). Based on the distinction, I further argue that there-s have different feature specifications and show that the proposed system captures different behaviors between there-sentences with respect to sub-extraction and control.
本文旨在说明代词联想词在这些句子中出现的意外宾格（有他）。出乎意料的是，在生成语法中长期存在的假设下，一致性与格分配是一致的。由于联想词在数量上似乎与T一致（例如there was/*are a dog），因此它们被认为是主格。此外，这种与宾格的代词联想在V型句子中是不可用的（*他来了）。在本文中，我提出了一个多重存在假说来解释there-V和there-BE的不同行为。在该提案中，我认为there-s In there-V和there-BE由于其不同的“语法角色”（语义上为空的咒骂语与主语论点）而在不同的位置产生了基础。基于这种区别，我进一步论证了它们具有不同的特征规范，并表明所提出的系统在子提取和控制方面捕捉到了句子之间的不同行为。
{"title":"Two Types of there-sentences and Feature\u0000 Specification","authors":"Chorong Kang","doi":"10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.281","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed to account for unexpected accusative case on a pronominal associate in there-sentences (there was him). It is unexpected that under the long-standing assumption in generative grammar, agreement coincides with case assignment. Since there-associates appear to agree with T in number (e.g. There was/*were a dog), they are expected to be valued as nominative case. Furthermore, such a pronominal associate with accusative case is not available in there-V type sentences (*There arrived him). In this paper, I propose a multiple-there hypothesis to account for different behaviors of there-V and there-BE. In the proposal, I argue that there-s in there-V and there-BE are base-generated in different positions due to their different “grammatical roles” (semantically null expletive vs. subject argument). Based on the distinction, I further argue that there-s have different feature specifications and show that the proposed system captures different behaviors between there-sentences with respect to sub-extraction and control.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41651614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gestural Properties of the Non-Target Velar Stop /k/ and Its Variance with Respect to Supralaryngeal Constrictions in C2","authors":"Minjung Son","doi":"10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/lr.2019.55.2.355","url":null,"abstract":"The work was fully supported by NIH Grant DC-00403 conferred upon Catherine T. Best (PI) and Haskins Laboratories.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49453551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.129
Younghee Hwang, Stuart Davis
North Kyungsang (NK) Korean is a pitch accent language that uses both high and low tones. NK Korean permits only one accented syllable in a single prosodic word; therefore, if an accented stem is combined with an accented suffix, one of the underlying accents must be deleted. According to traditional observations, NK English loanwords always maintain their stem accent, unlike NK native words. However, our recent observations reveal that this unique loanword pattern seems to be changing, especially among the younger generations. To determine the existence of this suffixal tonal change, a production task was conducted with younger and older speakers of NK Korean. The results reveal that a pitch-pattern diffusion is in progress across the board in final accented NK English loanwords when combined with an accented suffix. Such loanwords seem to be losing their unique tone patterns and nativizing their suffixal accent. Although the diffusion is occurring in both younger and older speakers, the degree of diffusion differs and is quite patterned, based on the speakers’ age as well as the number of syllables and syllable structure of the words.
{"title":"Pitch-Pattern Diffusion of Generational Tone Change in North Kyungsang Korean English Loanwords","authors":"Younghee Hwang, Stuart Davis","doi":"10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"North Kyungsang (NK) Korean is a pitch accent language that uses both high and low tones. NK Korean permits only one accented syllable in a single prosodic word; therefore, if an accented stem is combined with an accented suffix, one of the underlying accents must be deleted. According to traditional observations, NK English loanwords always maintain their stem accent, unlike NK native words. However, our recent observations reveal that this unique loanword pattern seems to be changing, especially among the younger generations. To determine the existence of this suffixal tonal change, a production task was conducted with younger and older speakers of NK Korean. The results reveal that a pitch-pattern diffusion is in progress across the board in final accented NK English loanwords when combined with an accented suffix. Such loanwords seem to be losing their unique tone patterns and nativizing their suffixal accent. Although the diffusion is occurring in both younger and older speakers, the degree of diffusion differs and is quite patterned, based on the speakers’ age as well as the number of syllables and syllable structure of the words.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43479670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.229
En-Jung Kim
The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends and future directions of academic research by reviewing a total of 218 Korean articles related to French didactics that were published from 2005 to 2018. The study focused on the topics of research. We first classified the research topics to facilitate analysis. Next, the research topics of French didactics were analyzed and comprehensively reviewed to examine the trends of academic research. Finally, based on the implications derived in this process, several proposals are suggested for improving the situation and for future research of French didactics.
{"title":"Research Trends Regarding French Didactics in Korea","authors":"En-Jung Kim","doi":"10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.229","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends and future directions of academic research by reviewing a total of 218 Korean articles related to French didactics that were published from 2005 to 2018. The study focused on the topics of research. We first classified the research topics to facilitate analysis. Next, the research topics of French didactics were analyzed and comprehensively reviewed to examine the trends of academic research. Finally, based on the implications derived in this process, several proposals are suggested for improving the situation and for future research of French didactics.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.99
Bum-Sik Park
This paper discusses the restricted distribution of pro in Double Argument Constructions (DArC). While it is generally assumed that Korean rather freely allows pro in argument positions, it appears that in certain DArCs, pro is not permitted in the second NP position. I argue that this restriction results from the processing mechanisms that discern the overtness of an argument. In particular, extending upon the works of Bae and Park’s (2018), I show that when an overt argument and a pro /null argument compete for a potentially matching predicate, the overt argument is chosen over the pro for processing in order to reduce the processing load. Subsuming the apparent restricted distribution, this analysis leads to the conclusion that in DArCs, pro does not take part in processing regardless of its position. I further show that the same processing effects arise in fragments that do not involve pro .
{"title":"On the Restricted Distribution of pro in Double Argument Constructions: A Processing Account","authors":"Bum-Sik Park","doi":"10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.99","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the restricted distribution of pro in Double Argument Constructions (DArC). While it is generally assumed that Korean rather freely allows pro in argument positions, it appears that in certain DArCs, pro is not permitted in the second NP position. I argue that this restriction results from the processing mechanisms that discern the overtness of an argument. In particular, extending upon the works of Bae and Park’s (2018), I show that when an overt argument and a pro /null argument compete for a potentially matching predicate, the overt argument is chosen over the pro for processing in order to reduce the processing load. Subsuming the apparent restricted distribution, this analysis leads to the conclusion that in DArCs, pro does not take part in processing regardless of its position. I further show that the same processing effects arise in fragments that do not involve pro .","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44411275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.203
Myoungjin Kim
The present research intends to compare the orthographic and phonological vocabulary sizes of Korean EFL students in middle school and to address the relationship between the two different types of vocabulary size tests and L2 reading and listening comprehension. The participants were found to have greater orthographic vocabulary knowledge than phonological knowledge. Specifically, their vocabulary knowledge, regardless of its modality, drastically decreased in frequency level from 1,000 to 2,000 and from 3,000 to 4,000. Although both types of vocabulary knowledge exhibit a correlation with each other, as well as with reading and listening comprehension, orthographic vocabulary size was shown to be the most predictive in terms of the variance found in both reading and listening. The findings of the study contribute to existing research on L2 vocabulary acquisition by providing further evidence of the non-parallel development of phonological and orthographic vocabulary knowledge by EFL students, and by suggesting the significant predictive value that orthographic vocabulary knowledge has on the performance of students in reading and listening comprehension tests employed in Korea.
{"title":"Vocabulary Size Tests of Different Modality and Their Relationships with L2 Reading and Listening Comprehension by Korean EFL Learners in Middle School","authors":"Myoungjin Kim","doi":"10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.203","url":null,"abstract":"The present research intends to compare the orthographic and phonological vocabulary sizes of Korean EFL students in middle school and to address the relationship between the two different types of vocabulary size tests and L2 reading and listening comprehension. The participants were found to have greater orthographic vocabulary knowledge than phonological knowledge. Specifically, their vocabulary knowledge, regardless of its modality, drastically decreased in frequency level from 1,000 to 2,000 and from 3,000 to 4,000. Although both types of vocabulary knowledge exhibit a correlation with each other, as well as with reading and listening comprehension, orthographic vocabulary size was shown to be the most predictive in terms of the variance found in both reading and listening. The findings of the study contribute to existing research on L2 vocabulary acquisition by providing further evidence of the non-parallel development of phonological and orthographic vocabulary knowledge by EFL students, and by suggesting the significant predictive value that orthographic vocabulary knowledge has on the performance of students in reading and listening comprehension tests employed in Korea.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.55
Jinlin Gao, Yoon-kyoung Joh
This study, based on the CCL (Center for Chinese Linguistics) corpus, the BCC (Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center) corpus, and the dictionaries of Xiehouyu ( 歇后 语 ) (two-part allegorical sayings), finds that the rhetorical senses of the construction A Shu B , C depends on the categories of A , B , and C . When A is non-human, the statement is rhetorical; when A is human, the categories of B and C will decide its nature. When B is a non-traditional Zodiac sign, the statement is rhetorical, and when B is a traditional Zodiac sign, the categories of A and C will decide its nature. When C is age-related, the statement is traditional, and when C is attribute-related, it is rhetorical. The rhetorical construction carries evaluative connotations in the following distribution: negative: 80.8%; positive: 13.5%; and neutral: 5.7%. The possible motivations for the rhetorical senses are culturally contextualized interactions of metaphor and metonymy as well as homophonic and conceptual associations.
{"title":"Chinese Zodiac Culture and the Rhetorical Construction of A Shu B,\u0000 C","authors":"Jinlin Gao, Yoon-kyoung Joh","doi":"10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"This study, based on the CCL (Center for Chinese Linguistics) corpus, the BCC (Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center) corpus, and the dictionaries of Xiehouyu ( 歇后 语 ) (two-part allegorical sayings), finds that the rhetorical senses of the construction A Shu B , C depends on the categories of A , B , and C . When A is non-human, the statement is rhetorical; when A is human, the categories of B and C will decide its nature. When B is a non-traditional Zodiac sign, the statement is rhetorical, and when B is a traditional Zodiac sign, the categories of A and C will decide its nature. When C is age-related, the statement is traditional, and when C is attribute-related, it is rhetorical. The rhetorical construction carries evaluative connotations in the following distribution: negative: 80.8%; positive: 13.5%; and neutral: 5.7%. The possible motivations for the rhetorical senses are culturally contextualized interactions of metaphor and metonymy as well as homophonic and conceptual associations.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.151
Hyunwoo Kim, Min-Chang Sung
This study investigates whether the usage patterns of resultative constructions (e.g., The lake froze solid; Tom painted the wall white) in argumentative essays written by Korean-speaking learners of English follow the usage-based principles influencing first language acquisition. Specific research questions addressed in this study are: a) whether resultative constructions with high complexity and low frequency are more difficult to learn for Korean-speaking learners of English than other types of argument structure constructions, and b) whether learners expand their choice of verbs in the resultative constructions as their proficiency increases. Multiple regression analyses showed that the occurrence of resultative constructions explains the variability of learner proficiency better than that of other constructions. In addition, learners employed less frequent and more varied types of verbs in the resultative constructions as their proficiency was higher. Our findings suggest that usage-based theories of language development hold true in the context of foreign language learning.
本研究调查了韩国英语学习者在议论文中的结果结构（如the lake freeze solid；Tom paid the wall white）的使用模式是否遵循了影响第一语言习得的基于使用的原则。本研究涉及的具体研究问题是：a）对于韩语英语学习者来说，高复杂度和低频率的结果结构是否比其他类型的论点结构更难学习；b）学习者是否随着熟练程度的提高，在结果结构中扩大了对动词的选择。多元回归分析表明，结果结构的出现比其他结构更好地解释了学习者熟练程度的变化。此外，随着学习者的熟练程度的提高，他们在结果结构中使用的动词种类更少，种类更多。我们的研究结果表明，基于使用的语言发展理论在外语学习中是正确的。
{"title":"A Usage-based Analysis of L2 Production of English Resultative\u0000 Constructions","authors":"Hyunwoo Kim, Min-Chang Sung","doi":"10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.151","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates whether the usage patterns of resultative constructions (e.g., The lake froze solid; Tom painted the wall white) in argumentative essays written by Korean-speaking learners of English follow the usage-based principles influencing first language acquisition. Specific research questions addressed in this study are: a) whether resultative constructions with high complexity and low frequency are more difficult to learn for Korean-speaking learners of English than other types of argument structure constructions, and b) whether learners expand their choice of verbs in the resultative constructions as their proficiency increases. Multiple regression analyses showed that the occurrence of resultative constructions explains the variability of learner proficiency better than that of other constructions. In addition, learners employed less frequent and more varied types of verbs in the resultative constructions as their proficiency was higher. Our findings suggest that usage-based theories of language development hold true in the context of foreign language learning.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims of this study were to examine the effect of sentential context on perceptual compensation for assimilation and to compare compensation patterns between English and Korean listeners with a high proficiency level in English. To these ends, we conducted two experiments involving English coronal place assimilation. In the discrimination experiment, two types of stimuli (i.e., compound words and sentences) were presented. In the identification experiment, a target token including one of the two types of codas (i.e., coronal and non-coronal consonants) was embedded in a semantically neutral sentence. The results showed that in the discrimination experiment both listener groups demonstrated higher detection rates in sentences rather than in words. However, the Korean listeners were not as sensitive as the English listeners to phonetic differences of coda consonants in the unviable change context, and they showed more variations in detection rates than the English listeners. The results of the identification experiment presented a significant effect of coda type of target tokens on both listener groups. In sum, the L2 advanced learners were able to use sentential context to perceive assimilated speech, as were the L1 listeners.
{"title":"The Effects of Sentential Context on the Perception of Assimilated\u0000 Speech by L2 Listeners","authors":"Eun-kyung Sung, Youngeun Kim, Sooyeon Lee","doi":"10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30961/LR.2019.55.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to examine the effect of sentential context on perceptual compensation for assimilation and to compare compensation patterns between English and Korean listeners with a high proficiency level in English. To these ends, we conducted two experiments involving English coronal place assimilation. In the discrimination experiment, two types of stimuli (i.e., compound words and sentences) were presented. In the identification experiment, a target token including one of the two types of codas (i.e., coronal and non-coronal consonants) was embedded in a semantically neutral sentence. The results showed that in the discrimination experiment both listener groups demonstrated higher detection rates in sentences rather than in words. However, the Korean listeners were not as sensitive as the English listeners to phonetic differences of coda consonants in the unviable change context, and they showed more variations in detection rates than the English listeners. The results of the identification experiment presented a significant effect of coda type of target tokens on both listener groups. In sum, the L2 advanced learners were able to use sentential context to perceive assimilated speech, as were the L1 listeners.","PeriodicalId":89433,"journal":{"name":"Language research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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