Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-06-29DOI: 10.13188/2377-987X.1000063
Bryan P Fitzgerald, Charles E Hawley, Charles Q Harrold, J Steven Garrett, Alan M Polson, Thomas E Rams
Background: Clinical standardization and calibration training is recommended to increase the reproducibility of periodontal probing, but its impact on manual periodontal probing outcomes has received little attention. This study examined the reproducibility of manual periodontal probing performed by a periodontist after completion of a comprehensive standardization and calibration training program.
Methods: A newly-educated periodontist was subjected to an individualized periodontal probing standardization and calibration training program involving approximately 24 total hours of lecture, bench-top, and clinical instruction/evaluation. Satisfactory completion of each portion of the training program required ≥ 95% intra-examiner agreement within 1 mm between initial and repeat measurements, and a ≥ 90% level of exact agreement with measurements by a "gold standard" examiner. The periodontist then evaluated bleeding on probing (BOP) and performed duplicate measurements of probing depth (PD) and the distance between the cementoenamel junction and gingival margin (CEJ-GM) with a manual periodontal probe on 567 periodontal sites exhibiting ≥ 5 mm PD with BOP in 39 adults. Clinical periodontal attachment level (CAL) was calculated for each site as (PD) - (CEJ-GM).
Results: Intra-examiner measurement error (the standard deviation for a single measurement) was found to be 0.21 mm for PD, 0.15 mm for CEJ-GM, and 0.26 mm for CAL. Replicate assessments of PD and CAL yielded excellent exact agreement kappa scores of 0.86 and 0.87, respectively. Greater intra-examiner measurement error was found at periodontal sites with more gingival inflammation as measured by higher BOP index scores.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that a rigorous periodontal probing standardization and calibration training program facilitates acquisition of highly reproducible PD and CAL assessments in moderate to deep inflamed periodontal pockets with a manual periodontal probe. Similar formal hands-on training should be incorporated into dental education programs and clinical research studies to improve the diagnostic performance of manual periodontal probing of the periodontium.
{"title":"Reproducibility of Manual Periodontal Probing Following a Comprehensive Standardization and Calibration Training Program.","authors":"Bryan P Fitzgerald, Charles E Hawley, Charles Q Harrold, J Steven Garrett, Alan M Polson, Thomas E Rams","doi":"10.13188/2377-987X.1000063","DOIUrl":"10.13188/2377-987X.1000063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical standardization and calibration training is recommended to increase the reproducibility of periodontal probing, but its impact on manual periodontal probing outcomes has received little attention. This study examined the reproducibility of manual periodontal probing performed by a periodontist after completion of a comprehensive standardization and calibration training program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A newly-educated periodontist was subjected to an individualized periodontal probing standardization and calibration training program involving approximately 24 total hours of lecture, bench-top, and clinical instruction/evaluation. Satisfactory completion of each portion of the training program required ≥ 95% intra-examiner agreement within 1 mm between initial and repeat measurements, and a ≥ 90% level of exact agreement with measurements by a \"gold standard\" examiner. The periodontist then evaluated bleeding on probing (BOP) and performed duplicate measurements of probing depth (PD) and the distance between the cementoenamel junction and gingival margin (CEJ-GM) with a manual periodontal probe on 567 periodontal sites exhibiting ≥ 5 mm PD with BOP in 39 adults. Clinical periodontal attachment level (CAL) was calculated for each site as (PD) - (CEJ-GM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-examiner measurement error (the standard deviation for a single measurement) was found to be 0.21 mm for PD, 0.15 mm for CEJ-GM, and 0.26 mm for CAL. Replicate assessments of PD and CAL yielded excellent exact agreement kappa scores of 0.86 and 0.87, respectively. Greater intra-examiner measurement error was found at periodontal sites with more gingival inflammation as measured by higher BOP index scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that a rigorous periodontal probing standardization and calibration training program facilitates acquisition of highly reproducible PD and CAL assessments in moderate to deep inflamed periodontal pockets with a manual periodontal probe. Similar formal hands-on training should be incorporated into dental education programs and clinical research studies to improve the diagnostic performance of manual periodontal probing of the periodontium.</p>","PeriodicalId":91029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology (Northborough, Mass.)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9552317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2377-987x.1000060
P. Cooper, B. Scheven
Dental-derived stem cells (DSC) are important cells in tissue regeneration following tissue destruction. One of the environmental conditions in the injured tissue is reduce in oxygen level (hypoxia) but the effect of hypoxia on the DSC is not fully elucidated. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on growth factor production and expression of dental-derived stem cells. Methods : Rat periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were cultured in serum-free media for two or three days. When the cells achieved 70% confluence, they were incubated under normoxia (21%) or hypoxia (2%) conditions, before the conditioned media (CM) that contained the cells’ secretomes were collected and compared with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs).ELISA kits were used to analyze VEGF, TGF-β 1 and IGF-1 levels in the collected CM. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then used to determine the gene expression of the growth factors. Results : Hypoxia incubation increased growth factor secretion by the dental-derived stem cells, and these findings were also supported by the gene expression analysis of VEGF and TGF-β1 . Interestingly, IGF-1 was only detected in PDLSC CM, and these data were supported by prominent IGF-I gene expression and an inverse relationship with IGF-BP1 expression by PDLSC, compared with DPSCs and BMSCs. TGF-β 1 secretion by BMSCs was not influenced by hypoxic incubation. Conclusion : Hypoxic incubation of the dental-derived stem cells alters growth factor content in the secretomes, and IGF-1 was only detected in the PDLSC secretome
{"title":"Secretion of VEGF, TGF-B1 and IGF-1 by Dental- Derived Stem Cells under Hypoxic Conditions","authors":"P. Cooper, B. Scheven","doi":"10.13188/2377-987x.1000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2377-987x.1000060","url":null,"abstract":"Dental-derived stem cells (DSC) are important cells in tissue regeneration following tissue destruction. One of the environmental conditions in the injured tissue is reduce in oxygen level (hypoxia) but the effect of hypoxia on the DSC is not fully elucidated. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on growth factor production and expression of dental-derived stem cells. Methods : Rat periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were cultured in serum-free media for two or three days. When the cells achieved 70% confluence, they were incubated under normoxia (21%) or hypoxia (2%) conditions, before the conditioned media (CM) that contained the cells’ secretomes were collected and compared with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs).ELISA kits were used to analyze VEGF, TGF-β 1 and IGF-1 levels in the collected CM. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then used to determine the gene expression of the growth factors. Results : Hypoxia incubation increased growth factor secretion by the dental-derived stem cells, and these findings were also supported by the gene expression analysis of VEGF and TGF-β1 . Interestingly, IGF-1 was only detected in PDLSC CM, and these data were supported by prominent IGF-I gene expression and an inverse relationship with IGF-BP1 expression by PDLSC, compared with DPSCs and BMSCs. TGF-β 1 secretion by BMSCs was not influenced by hypoxic incubation. Conclusion : Hypoxic incubation of the dental-derived stem cells alters growth factor content in the secretomes, and IGF-1 was only detected in the PDLSC secretome","PeriodicalId":91029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology (Northborough, Mass.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66212001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2377-987x.1000062
E. Oyetola
Background: COVID-19 infection, declared pandemic by WHO in January 2020 constituted a public health problem due to the highly infectious nature of the disease and the subsequent lockdown imposed by the government to control the spread. Dental services delivery was severely affected. Methodology: This is a retrospective study. Subjects were consecutive patients who presented at the Dental Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex from August 2019 to August 2020. Patients’ data was obtained from Oral Diagnosis Clinic records. Patients’ data obtained include sociodemographics, complaints, diagnosis and treatment given. Analysis was done using the STATA software package. Descriptive statistics was done using frequency and percentages while bivariate analysis was done using student test, p>0.05. Results: A total of 892 patients (524, 58.7% females and 368, 41.3% males) presented at the dental clinic during the study period. Their age was 41.6 (18.9) years and the majority of patients (882, 99.3%) presented on account of orofacial pain. Significant reduction of dental clinic attendance was found as 643 (72%) patients attended the clinic 6 months before pandemic and only about one third, 229 (28%) patients attended the clinic 6 months into the pandemic. Medications (72%), indirect pulp capping (73%) and oral health counseling were the frequently adopted treatment protocols. Root Canal Treatments (RCT) (1.2%) and surgical extractions were not frequent. Conclusion: Only about one-third attendance was recorded at start of Covid-19 pandemic in our centre. The management strategies at the critical times involved more of medications, indirect pulp capping and counseling
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinic Attendance and Management of Dental Patients: Our Experience at Dental Hospital, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria","authors":"E. Oyetola","doi":"10.13188/2377-987x.1000062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2377-987x.1000062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 infection, declared pandemic by WHO in January 2020 constituted a public health problem due to the highly infectious nature of the disease and the subsequent lockdown imposed by the government to control the spread. Dental services delivery was severely affected. Methodology: This is a retrospective study. Subjects were consecutive patients who presented at the Dental Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex from August 2019 to August 2020. Patients’ data was obtained from Oral Diagnosis Clinic records. Patients’ data obtained include sociodemographics, complaints, diagnosis and treatment given. Analysis was done using the STATA software package. Descriptive statistics was done using frequency and percentages while bivariate analysis was done using student test, p>0.05. Results: A total of 892 patients (524, 58.7% females and 368, 41.3% males) presented at the dental clinic during the study period. Their age was 41.6 (18.9) years and the majority of patients (882, 99.3%) presented on account of orofacial pain. Significant reduction of dental clinic attendance was found as 643 (72%) patients attended the clinic 6 months before pandemic and only about one third, 229 (28%) patients attended the clinic 6 months into the pandemic. Medications (72%), indirect pulp capping (73%) and oral health counseling were the frequently adopted treatment protocols. Root Canal Treatments (RCT) (1.2%) and surgical extractions were not frequent. Conclusion: Only about one-third attendance was recorded at start of Covid-19 pandemic in our centre. The management strategies at the critical times involved more of medications, indirect pulp capping and counseling","PeriodicalId":91029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology (Northborough, Mass.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66212146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2377-987x.1000061
Aanchal Jain
Context: Owing to the increase in COVID 19 cases, a lockdown was declared in India on 24th March 2020. All the dental facilities except for emergency procedures were suspended. Due to the lockdown, the periodic visit to the Orthodontist became difficult, which would eventually affect the Orthodontic treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness, challenges and impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Orthodontic patients. Materials & Methods: A self-designed online questionnaire of 24 questions was designed and distributed among 450 participants via WhatsApp messenger and email. Statistical analysis used: Comparison of frequencies was done using chi square test. Results: The study revealed that majority patients were affected due to the pandemic and feared increase in duration of the treatment due to the same. Most common problems were loose bands/brackets and poking wire. Some faced resistance from family for visiting the Orthodontist during pandemic. Conclusions: Majority found it necessary to continue treatment even after all difficulties. Continuous reassurance to the patients by the Orthodontist is required, by doing regular follow ups. At the same time, the awareness about the pandemic should be increased amongst the patients so that precautionary measures can be taken from their side to prevent the spread while continuing their orthodontic treatment.
{"title":"Awareness, Challenges and Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown: Orthodontic Patient’s Perspective","authors":"Aanchal Jain","doi":"10.13188/2377-987x.1000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2377-987x.1000061","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Owing to the increase in COVID 19 cases, a lockdown was declared in India on 24th March 2020. All the dental facilities except for emergency procedures were suspended. Due to the lockdown, the periodic visit to the Orthodontist became difficult, which would eventually affect the Orthodontic treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness, challenges and impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Orthodontic patients. Materials & Methods: A self-designed online questionnaire of 24 questions was designed and distributed among 450 participants via WhatsApp messenger and email. Statistical analysis used: Comparison of frequencies was done using chi square test. Results: The study revealed that majority patients were affected due to the pandemic and feared increase in duration of the treatment due to the same. Most common problems were loose bands/brackets and poking wire. Some faced resistance from family for visiting the Orthodontist during pandemic. Conclusions: Majority found it necessary to continue treatment even after all difficulties. Continuous reassurance to the patients by the Orthodontist is required, by doing regular follow ups. At the same time, the awareness about the pandemic should be increased amongst the patients so that precautionary measures can be taken from their side to prevent the spread while continuing their orthodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":91029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology (Northborough, Mass.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66212024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2377-987x.1000059
Sergei V. Jargin
Objectives: The aim of this review was to analyze the development of dentistry in Russia since the 1970s with special reference to the diagnosis and treatment of caries. In this connection, the concept of minimally invasive dentistry is discussed. Study Design: This is a narrative review based on the Russian and international literature. Methods: The search of international literature was performed using PubMed. Russian-language publications were searched in the Internet, in libraries and the electronic database eLibrary.ru. Results: The motto of the Soviet healthcare was priority of prophylaxis, realized by medical checkups (so-called dispensarizations) at schools, factories and institutions. Initial and sometimes questionable caries was treated by dry cutting. The necessity to spare dental tissues has been undervalued. Early start of the restoration cycle, together with suboptimal quality of filling materials, caused enlargement of cavities and eventually led to fractures and extractions. Consent for the treatment was not always asked especially from children and adolescents or their parents. The overtreatment tendency of dental caries has been preserved until today. Besides, treatments potentially contributing to gingival recession are discussed. The large-scale privatization of dentistry since 1990 created new problems. Some practitioners avoid conservative treatment of advanced lesions in favor of prosthetics. Conclusion: Economical re-routing of dental practices is necessary, so that they could survive using preventive and minimally-invasive methods more extensively. Improvements in ethical standards of healthcare providers and use of foreign expertise are needed.
{"title":"Dentistry in Russia: Past and Presence","authors":"Sergei V. Jargin","doi":"10.13188/2377-987x.1000059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2377-987x.1000059","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this review was to analyze the development of dentistry in Russia since the 1970s with special reference to the diagnosis and treatment of caries. In this connection, the concept of minimally invasive dentistry is discussed. Study Design: This is a narrative review based on the Russian and international literature. Methods: The search of international literature was performed using PubMed. Russian-language publications were searched in the Internet, in libraries and the electronic database eLibrary.ru. Results: The motto of the Soviet healthcare was priority of prophylaxis, realized by medical checkups (so-called dispensarizations) at schools, factories and institutions. Initial and sometimes questionable caries was treated by dry cutting. The necessity to spare dental tissues has been undervalued. Early start of the restoration cycle, together with suboptimal quality of filling materials, caused enlargement of cavities and eventually led to fractures and extractions. Consent for the treatment was not always asked especially from children and adolescents or their parents. The overtreatment tendency of dental caries has been preserved until today. Besides, treatments potentially contributing to gingival recession are discussed. The large-scale privatization of dentistry since 1990 created new problems. Some practitioners avoid conservative treatment of advanced lesions in favor of prosthetics. Conclusion: Economical re-routing of dental practices is necessary, so that they could survive using preventive and minimally-invasive methods more extensively. Improvements in ethical standards of healthcare providers and use of foreign expertise are needed.","PeriodicalId":91029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology (Northborough, Mass.)","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66211396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.13188/2377-987x.1000058
M. Saghiri, C. Tang
*Address for Correspondence: Mohammad Ali Saghiri, Director of Biomaterial and Prosthodontic Laboratory & Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ; Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, MSB C639A-Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA, P. 973-972-7925 F. 973972-0370; E-mail: Mohammadali.saghiri@rutgers.edu
*通讯地址：Mohammad Ali Saghiri，新泽西州罗格斯口腔医学院生物材料和修复实验室主任兼修复牙科系助理教授；太平洋大学牙管系，Arthur A.Dugoni牙科学院，加利福尼亚州旧金山，MSB C639A-Rutgers生物医学与健康科学，185 South Orange Avenue，Newark，NJ 07103，USA，P.973-972-7925 F.973972-0370；电子邮件：Mohammadali.saghiri@rutgers.edu
{"title":"pH, Presents a New Weapon in the Battle Against COVID-19","authors":"M. Saghiri, C. Tang","doi":"10.13188/2377-987x.1000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2377-987x.1000058","url":null,"abstract":"*Address for Correspondence: Mohammad Ali Saghiri, Director of Biomaterial and Prosthodontic Laboratory & Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ; Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, MSB C639A-Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA, P. 973-972-7925 F. 973972-0370; E-mail: Mohammadali.saghiri@rutgers.edu","PeriodicalId":91029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology (Northborough, Mass.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47509066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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