Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/J.JHER.20210701.15
Gulistan Khairandish
The main objective of writing this paper is to find out the vital important role of forests in humane life and make them aware from such amazing benefits of natural forests. The information all about this topic has been collected from the authentic scientific books and the result show that the vegetation cover, pasture, forests and green space is source of a country. Conservation of water and soil, prevention of soil erosion, increase of ground water resources, providing of the clear air for breathing of organisms, producing of deferent type of fruits, producing of raw materials for woodcraft and environmental protection is the non-forgettable benefits of forests. Malika Hoshmand (2019) says” trees are the lifeblood of humans and animals are in fact the breath of earth, by absorbing toxic gases such as carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, which is one of the most basic needs of humans and animal’s life, and save the natural cycle”. Forests were the home of ancient human and same human today, trees are producing fruits to save humans from hunger, protects soil to keep avoid from huge floods and absorbs dusts to save human heaths.
{"title":"Aspects, Needs and Usefulness of Forests in Human Life from Ancient Time Till Now","authors":"Gulistan Khairandish","doi":"10.11648/J.JHER.20210701.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JHER.20210701.15","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of writing this paper is to find out the vital important role of forests in humane life and make them aware from such amazing benefits of natural forests. The information all about this topic has been collected from the authentic scientific books and the result show that the vegetation cover, pasture, forests and green space is source of a country. Conservation of water and soil, prevention of soil erosion, increase of ground water resources, providing of the clear air for breathing of organisms, producing of deferent type of fruits, producing of raw materials for woodcraft and environmental protection is the non-forgettable benefits of forests. Malika Hoshmand (2019) says” trees are the lifeblood of humans and animals are in fact the breath of earth, by absorbing toxic gases such as carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, which is one of the most basic needs of humans and animal’s life, and save the natural cycle”. Forests were the home of ancient human and same human today, trees are producing fruits to save humans from hunger, protects soil to keep avoid from huge floods and absorbs dusts to save human heaths.","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74426081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/J.JHER.20210701.20
J. C. Vázquez, J. Castillo, Leticia E. Constable, Marina E. Cardenas, J. C. Vazquez
Computer Science has contributed to social sciences since decades ago: connecting people that build virtual communities where the interactions can be investigated, developing tools for statistically analytics, designing models that allow the analysis and simulation of the most diverse types, among many others. In this article, we describe an artificial neural network to model a theoretical framework for risk, housing, and health problematic, called DRVS (Diagnostic methodology for risk determination of urban housing for health), which uses a holistic approach for community and environmental health. The methodology also exposes digital clinic history for families and communities, developed to support the acquisition of necessary data. This software has advantages for the transference and application of the DRVS in different locations since it constitutes an expert system for the determination of local social indexes and supports the quantitative validation process for the underlying social theory. On the other hand, as many artificial intelligence techniques, it has constraints: unlike explicit logic inferences, artificial neural networks work as «black boxes», not explaining how they got the result; they have a strong dependency of the representativeness of training data and introducing new knowledge that may improve their results and performance is difficult (new data, addition or remotion of determining factors for the underlying social model, weighting factors, etc.). This article also shows some techniques and ideas on how to deal with the identified constraints.
{"title":"An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Modeling in Social Science","authors":"J. C. Vázquez, J. Castillo, Leticia E. Constable, Marina E. Cardenas, J. C. Vazquez","doi":"10.11648/J.JHER.20210701.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JHER.20210701.20","url":null,"abstract":"Computer Science has contributed to social sciences since decades ago: connecting people that build virtual communities where the interactions can be investigated, developing tools for statistically analytics, designing models that allow the analysis and simulation of the most diverse types, among many others. In this article, we describe an artificial neural network to model a theoretical framework for risk, housing, and health problematic, called DRVS (Diagnostic methodology for risk determination of urban housing for health), which uses a holistic approach for community and environmental health. The methodology also exposes digital clinic history for families and communities, developed to support the acquisition of necessary data. This software has advantages for the transference and application of the DRVS in different locations since it constitutes an expert system for the determination of local social indexes and supports the quantitative validation process for the underlying social theory. On the other hand, as many artificial intelligence techniques, it has constraints: unlike explicit logic inferences, artificial neural networks work as «black boxes», not explaining how they got the result; they have a strong dependency of the representativeness of training data and introducing new knowledge that may improve their results and performance is difficult (new data, addition or remotion of determining factors for the underlying social model, weighting factors, etc.). This article also shows some techniques and ideas on how to deal with the identified constraints.","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87586452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.14
Maina Susan Muthoni
{"title":"Hospitals Surfaces and Sites as a Reservoir for Pathogenic Bacteria That Play a Role in Transmission of Infectious Diseases","authors":"Maina Susan Muthoni","doi":"10.11648/j.jher.20210703.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88180683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein
{"title":"Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan","authors":"Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein","doi":"10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84473481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Parasite distribution exhibit heterogeneity within households and communities. The aim of this study is to identify the spatial distribution, clustering and associated risk factors of Soil-transmitted Helminths infection in a semi-urban area in Southwest Nigeria. Geographical information System (GIS) was used to map the town into three density areas; low, medium and high density areas. Two hundred and thirty six soil samples were obtained from the surroundings of 137 households and stool samples were collected from the inhabitant of the households. Moran index was used to analyze the spatial distribution of STH within the community. A total of 137 households were sampled for human STH and environmental soil samples from the household were analyzed. The prevalence of human STH infection was 41.7% while that of soil parasite was 27.7% within the selected household. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant STH infection in the community sampled with 24.1% prevalence followed by Hookworm. Spatial analysis showed that A. lumbricoides infection was significantly clustered only in the GIS mapped medium density area of Igbo-Ora (z-score 2.302, p=0.021), while hookworm infection was randomly distributed in all the GIS mapped areas of Igbo-Ora. There was a statistically significant association between human STH infection and presence of parasite in the household soil ( x 2 5.74, p-value 0.017). None of the risk factors evaluated was found to have significant association for the clustering pattern of infection found in the medium density area of the community. Meanwhile, factors such as; the physical presence of a popularly patronized local market in the area, lack of any visible public toilet and the use of bushes around the area by the people for defecation contribute to the reasons for the clustering of the Ascaris infection. Also, the ability of Ascaris to withstand environmental conditions than other STH parasite may contribute to the pattern observed. The differences in the pattern of distribution and associated risk factors revealed that environmental conditions and exposure factors are major determinant of STH infection.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Associated Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection in a Semi-urban Community in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Oluwatoba Olufunke Abiodun, Taiwo Olalekan John, Nwuba Roseangela Ifeyinwa","doi":"10.11648/j.jher.20210704.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210704.13","url":null,"abstract":": Parasite distribution exhibit heterogeneity within households and communities. The aim of this study is to identify the spatial distribution, clustering and associated risk factors of Soil-transmitted Helminths infection in a semi-urban area in Southwest Nigeria. Geographical information System (GIS) was used to map the town into three density areas; low, medium and high density areas. Two hundred and thirty six soil samples were obtained from the surroundings of 137 households and stool samples were collected from the inhabitant of the households. Moran index was used to analyze the spatial distribution of STH within the community. A total of 137 households were sampled for human STH and environmental soil samples from the household were analyzed. The prevalence of human STH infection was 41.7% while that of soil parasite was 27.7% within the selected household. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant STH infection in the community sampled with 24.1% prevalence followed by Hookworm. Spatial analysis showed that A. lumbricoides infection was significantly clustered only in the GIS mapped medium density area of Igbo-Ora (z-score 2.302, p=0.021), while hookworm infection was randomly distributed in all the GIS mapped areas of Igbo-Ora. There was a statistically significant association between human STH infection and presence of parasite in the household soil ( x 2 5.74, p-value 0.017). None of the risk factors evaluated was found to have significant association for the clustering pattern of infection found in the medium density area of the community. Meanwhile, factors such as; the physical presence of a popularly patronized local market in the area, lack of any visible public toilet and the use of bushes around the area by the people for defecation contribute to the reasons for the clustering of the Ascaris infection. Also, the ability of Ascaris to withstand environmental conditions than other STH parasite may contribute to the pattern observed. The differences in the pattern of distribution and associated risk factors revealed that environmental conditions and exposure factors are major determinant of STH infection.","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90486560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.15
Bas Floris Maria Van Raaij, Jordy Lauran Stöger, Maarten Sebastiaan Werkman, Michiel Alexander De Graaf, Maria Louisa Antoni, Geert Hendrik Groeneveld, Anna Helena Elvire Roukens, Frederikus Albertus Klok, Soerindra Rajen Soeniel Ramai, Jacomina Jessica Miranda Geelhoed
{"title":"Analysis of Pulmonary and Physical Function Three Months After Discharge for Moderate to Severe COVID-19","authors":"Bas Floris Maria Van Raaij, Jordy Lauran Stöger, Maarten Sebastiaan Werkman, Michiel Alexander De Graaf, Maria Louisa Antoni, Geert Hendrik Groeneveld, Anna Helena Elvire Roukens, Frederikus Albertus Klok, Soerindra Rajen Soeniel Ramai, Jacomina Jessica Miranda Geelhoed","doi":"10.11648/j.jher.20210703.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84805483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous studies have examined whether school-based smoking prevention education for minors reduces smoking rates, but consensus has not been established. Moreover, there are few reports about non-smoking classes offered by physicians with long-term results. Volunteer doctors have provided tobacco prevention classes in Kanazawa, Japan since 1998. The aim of this article is to assess whether the education by physicians was effective after eight years. A community area having 14 elementary schools was selected for this study. The study groups comprised randomized schools receiving the 45 minutes non-smoking education by physicians for 12-year-old sixth graders once a year and control schools with no intervention during three years from 2007 to 2009. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 4,014 (1,615 educated and 2,399 control) students. After eight years, a questionnaire survey on the smoking behaviors of 20-year-old young adults within the community was conducted and 1,634 (631 educated and 1,003 control) replies were collected. The smoking rates of the two groups were compared. At the eight-year follow-up, the smoking rates in the educated group significantly decreased compared to those in the control, especially among males. The school-based smoking prevention education by physicians was effective in reducing the smoking rates among 12-year-old students 8 years later.
{"title":"Effects of School-based Smoking Prevention Education by Physician After Eight Years: A School Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Endo Masamitsu, Iwaki Norio, Fukuda Tamutsu, Yoshida Kenji, Nomura Hideki, Kido Teruhiko, Takahashi Yuko, Ikeda Michiko, Nakashima Motoko, Morita Masato, Douniwa Kenichi, Kita Toshiyuki","doi":"10.11648/J.JHER.20200604.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JHER.20200604.13","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have examined whether school-based smoking prevention education for minors reduces smoking rates, but consensus has not been established. Moreover, there are few reports about non-smoking classes offered by physicians with long-term results. Volunteer doctors have provided tobacco prevention classes in Kanazawa, Japan since 1998. The aim of this article is to assess whether the education by physicians was effective after eight years. A community area having 14 elementary schools was selected for this study. The study groups comprised randomized schools receiving the 45 minutes non-smoking education by physicians for 12-year-old sixth graders once a year and control schools with no intervention during three years from 2007 to 2009. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 4,014 (1,615 educated and 2,399 control) students. After eight years, a questionnaire survey on the smoking behaviors of 20-year-old young adults within the community was conducted and 1,634 (631 educated and 1,003 control) replies were collected. The smoking rates of the two groups were compared. At the eight-year follow-up, the smoking rates in the educated group significantly decreased compared to those in the control, especially among males. The school-based smoking prevention education by physicians was effective in reducing the smoking rates among 12-year-old students 8 years later.","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80247929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-02DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-15692/v1
Isayas Afewerki Abraham, Xu-fu Zhang, Zewdi Amanuel Dagnew, E. Tesfamariam, G. G. Beraki, Oliver Okoth Achila, Ying-chun Dai
Background: Sub-optimal health status (SHS) and unhealthy lifestyle among college students have become a major focus for research on public health worldwide. Hence, this study was designed to assess the effects of socio-cultural factors on medical college students' self-rated health status (SRH) and health-promoting lifestyles (HPL) in Eritrea.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Orotta School of Medicine (OSM), using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected from all medical students who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria using Sub-Optimal Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0) and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) scale questionnaires. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Binary multivariate logistic regression were performed. Data analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 22.Results: The overall SRH was significantly higher among college students with BMI of 25 to 29.9 (M=88.23, SD=6.28) as compared to <18.5 (p=0.027) and 18.5 to 24.9 (p=0.027). Moreover, physiological subscale of SRH was significantly related to gender (M males= 88.96 Vs M females= 85.41, p=0.001) and monthly stipend (M income = 89.52 Vs M no-income = 87.28, p=0.040). On the other hand, physical activity of HPL was found to vary by gender (M males= 2.12 Vs M females=1.87, p=0.005) and alcohol consumption (M drinkers= 2.22 Vs M non-drinkers = 1.99, p=0.016). Nutrition differences of HPL were observed in BMI of 25 to 29.9 (M =2.40, p=0.028), internship students (M=2.15, p=0.027), and monthly income (M=2.11, p=0.029). The overall SRH was significantly correlated with the overall HPL (r=0.493, p<0.001). In-addition, students who had good and excellent HPL had self-rated themselves as almost five times (AOR=4.97, 95% CI: 1.28, 19.32), and were 3.73 times (AOR=3.73, 95% CI: 1.09, 12.80) healthier than those who had poor HPL, respectively.Conclusions: Based on our study, gender, BMI and monthly stipend play a major role in the SRH whereas gender, alcohol consumption, BMI, study year and monthly stipend play a major role in the HPL. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between SRH and HPL in this study. Therefore, our findings provide evidence that support the role of socio-cultural influences’ on SRH and HPL of medical students.
{"title":"The Effects of Socio-cultural Factors on Medical College Students' Self-Rated Health Status and Health-Promoting Lifestyles in Eritrea: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Isayas Afewerki Abraham, Xu-fu Zhang, Zewdi Amanuel Dagnew, E. Tesfamariam, G. G. Beraki, Oliver Okoth Achila, Ying-chun Dai","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15692/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-15692/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Sub-optimal health status (SHS) and unhealthy lifestyle among college students have become a major focus for research on public health worldwide. Hence, this study was designed to assess the effects of socio-cultural factors on medical college students' self-rated health status (SRH) and health-promoting lifestyles (HPL) in Eritrea.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Orotta School of Medicine (OSM), using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected from all medical students who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria using Sub-Optimal Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0) and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) scale questionnaires. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Binary multivariate logistic regression were performed. Data analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 22.Results: The overall SRH was significantly higher among college students with BMI of 25 to 29.9 (M=88.23, SD=6.28) as compared to <18.5 (p=0.027) and 18.5 to 24.9 (p=0.027). Moreover, physiological subscale of SRH was significantly related to gender (M males= 88.96 Vs M females= 85.41, p=0.001) and monthly stipend (M income = 89.52 Vs M no-income = 87.28, p=0.040). On the other hand, physical activity of HPL was found to vary by gender (M males= 2.12 Vs M females=1.87, p=0.005) and alcohol consumption (M drinkers= 2.22 Vs M non-drinkers = 1.99, p=0.016). Nutrition differences of HPL were observed in BMI of 25 to 29.9 (M =2.40, p=0.028), internship students (M=2.15, p=0.027), and monthly income (M=2.11, p=0.029). The overall SRH was significantly correlated with the overall HPL (r=0.493, p<0.001). In-addition, students who had good and excellent HPL had self-rated themselves as almost five times (AOR=4.97, 95% CI: 1.28, 19.32), and were 3.73 times (AOR=3.73, 95% CI: 1.09, 12.80) healthier than those who had poor HPL, respectively.Conclusions: Based on our study, gender, BMI and monthly stipend play a major role in the SRH whereas gender, alcohol consumption, BMI, study year and monthly stipend play a major role in the HPL. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between SRH and HPL in this study. Therefore, our findings provide evidence that support the role of socio-cultural influences’ on SRH and HPL of medical students.","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82401032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.11648/J.JHER.20190504.11
Wasungu Bassokla Ditorguena, Djalogue Prisca, Agbobli Yawo Apelete, Dadjo Soukouna Francis, S. A. Dia, M. Fall, E. Didier, Wognin Sangah, N. Mor, Bonny Jean-Sylvain, Sow Mamadou Lamine
Accidents with exposure to blood (AEBs) remain a reality in healthcare settings and are, by their frequency, a major concern for health professionals. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of AEBs history, to identify the types, circumstances and mechanisms of occurrence and to describe the practices of health professionals with respect to AEBs. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over a period of two (02) months (September-October 2018) in two hospitals, the Kara’s teaching hospital and Kara’s regional hospital, both located in the north, 418 kilometers from Lome, economic capital of Togo. The study population was represented by health professionals practicing in the district pediatrics, surgery, gynecology-obstetrics, emergencies and laboratories of the said centers. Were included in the study health professionals presents and available in the above-mentioned services at the time of the survey. Hospital staff not directly involved in patient care (administrative, mortuary staff, vigils, pharmacy salesmen) were excluded from the study. This research was a descriptive-analytical technique using interviews and questionnaires anonymized and adapted in such a way that it meets our objectives. Methods of data analysis were made using the Sphinx V5 software version 5.1.0.2. The Chi-square statistical test was used to compare the proportions with a significance threshold of 5%. The prevalence of AEBs was estimated at 67.6%. The results show that AEBs were frequent among men compared to women (72.7% vs 58.3%), without significant difference. Age, occupational qualification and seniority in the medical profession were significantly associated to AEBs. The most common mechanism of occurrence was the skin break (89.1%). The equipment or sharp objects handled at the time of the accident were a hollow needle (58.8%), and the most incriminated body fluid was blood (71.7%). AEBs are a reality in health care in Togo with a very high prevalence and concern daily all socio-professional categories especially the nurses and the midwives during the care tasks. Exposure is roughly daily, however, the amount of vaccination coverage in these two hospitals is low. In addition, for health care workers to some dangerous actions, such as disposal of used needles, lack of attention to wearing PPE will be accepted in certain circumstances without risk, it is observed.
血液接触事故(aeb)在卫生保健机构中仍然是一个现实，并且由于其频率，是卫生专业人员关注的主要问题。本研究旨在评估AEBs病史的患病率，确定发生的类型、情况和机制，并描述卫生专业人员对AEBs的做法。我们在两家医院(2018年9月至10月)进行了为期两(02)个月的描述性横断面研究，这两家医院分别是卡拉的教学医院和卡拉的地区医院，均位于北部，距离多哥经济首都洛美418公里。研究人群由在上述中心的地区儿科、外科、妇产科、急诊和实验室执业的卫生专业人员代表。被纳入研究的卫生专业人员在调查时出现在上述服务中。不直接参与病人护理的医院工作人员(行政人员、停尸房工作人员、守夜人员、药房销售人员)被排除在研究之外。这项研究是一种描述性分析技术，使用匿名访谈和问卷调查，并以符合我们目标的方式进行调整。采用Sphinx V5软件版本5.1.0.2进行数据分析。采用卡方统计检验，显著性阈值为5%。AEBs的患病率估计为67.6%。结果显示，男性与女性AEBs发生率较高(72.7% vs 58.3%)，差异无统计学意义。年龄、职业资格和医学专业年资与AEBs显著相关。最常见的发生机制是皮肤破裂(89.1%)。事故发生时处理的器械或利器以空心针(58.8%)为主，最主要的犯罪体液是血液(71.7%)。在多哥的卫生保健中，急性腹膜炎的发病率非常高，每天都涉及所有社会专业类别，特别是护理任务中的护士和助产士。但是，这两家医院的疫苗接种率很低。此外，据观察，对于卫生保健工作者的一些危险行为，如处置用过的针头，不注意佩戴个人防护装备在某些情况下是可以接受的，没有风险。
{"title":"Prevalence and Epidemiological Profile of Accidents with Exposure to Blood Among Health Professionals in Two Hospitals in the North of Togo","authors":"Wasungu Bassokla Ditorguena, Djalogue Prisca, Agbobli Yawo Apelete, Dadjo Soukouna Francis, S. A. Dia, M. Fall, E. Didier, Wognin Sangah, N. Mor, Bonny Jean-Sylvain, Sow Mamadou Lamine","doi":"10.11648/J.JHER.20190504.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JHER.20190504.11","url":null,"abstract":"Accidents with exposure to blood (AEBs) remain a reality in healthcare settings and are, by their frequency, a major concern for health professionals. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of AEBs history, to identify the types, circumstances and mechanisms of occurrence and to describe the practices of health professionals with respect to AEBs. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over a period of two (02) months (September-October 2018) in two hospitals, the Kara’s teaching hospital and Kara’s regional hospital, both located in the north, 418 kilometers from Lome, economic capital of Togo. The study population was represented by health professionals practicing in the district pediatrics, surgery, gynecology-obstetrics, emergencies and laboratories of the said centers. Were included in the study health professionals presents and available in the above-mentioned services at the time of the survey. Hospital staff not directly involved in patient care (administrative, mortuary staff, vigils, pharmacy salesmen) were excluded from the study. This research was a descriptive-analytical technique using interviews and questionnaires anonymized and adapted in such a way that it meets our objectives. Methods of data analysis were made using the Sphinx V5 software version 5.1.0.2. The Chi-square statistical test was used to compare the proportions with a significance threshold of 5%. The prevalence of AEBs was estimated at 67.6%. The results show that AEBs were frequent among men compared to women (72.7% vs 58.3%), without significant difference. Age, occupational qualification and seniority in the medical profession were significantly associated to AEBs. The most common mechanism of occurrence was the skin break (89.1%). The equipment or sharp objects handled at the time of the accident were a hollow needle (58.8%), and the most incriminated body fluid was blood (71.7%). AEBs are a reality in health care in Togo with a very high prevalence and concern daily all socio-professional categories especially the nurses and the midwives during the care tasks. Exposure is roughly daily, however, the amount of vaccination coverage in these two hospitals is low. In addition, for health care workers to some dangerous actions, such as disposal of used needles, lack of attention to wearing PPE will be accepted in certain circumstances without risk, it is observed.","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79389240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Backgrounds Some studies have reported that different dosage of cadmium (Cd) had a biphasic effect on cells viability, Cd at a dose of more than 20 μM can induce excessive apoptosis which past studies were mainly concentrated on while there has been few reports on a relatively lower dose of Cd causing abnormal proliferation. Kidney is the most sensitive target organ of Cd, however, the mechanism how Cd at a relatively lower dose affects the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) is not yet clear at present. Objectives To explore the toxic effect of Cd at a relatively lower dose on RTEC and study the mechanism how the TGF-β1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathways involved in EMT-like transformation induced by Cadmium. Methods The RTEC were isolated by mixed collagenase digestion methods and the effect of Cd at different dose on cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The effect of Cd at Hormesis zone dose on the expression of c-myc, cyclinD1, α-SMA, TGF-β1, Wnt and β-catenin were determined by qRT-PCR. Results When exposed for 24h-72h, Cd at a dose of 2.5 μM had maximum proliferation promoting effect. Cd at Hormesis zone dose could up-regulate the expression of cell cycle and proliferation key regulators c-myc and cyclinD1 in an obvious time-dependent manner. Cd at Hormesis zone dose could significantly promote α-SMA, TGF-β1, Wnt and β-catenin mRNA expression. Conclusions Cd at Hormesis zone dose could induce RTEC significant abnormal proliferation and EMT-like transformation. The activation of TGF-β1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathways might play a key role in EMT-like transformation induced by Cd at Hormesis zone dose.
{"title":"Regulation of TGF-β1-Mediated Wnt/β-catenin Pathways Plays an Important Role in EMT-like Transformation Induced by Cadmium","authors":"Yanlin Zhang, Jiandong Wu, Lulu Ren, Guning Wang, Lihong Yuan, Zhihui Zou","doi":"10.11648/J.JHER.20190503.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JHER.20190503.13","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds Some studies have reported that different dosage of cadmium (Cd) had a biphasic effect on cells viability, Cd at a dose of more than 20 μM can induce excessive apoptosis which past studies were mainly concentrated on while there has been few reports on a relatively lower dose of Cd causing abnormal proliferation. Kidney is the most sensitive target organ of Cd, however, the mechanism how Cd at a relatively lower dose affects the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) is not yet clear at present. Objectives To explore the toxic effect of Cd at a relatively lower dose on RTEC and study the mechanism how the TGF-β1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathways involved in EMT-like transformation induced by Cadmium. Methods The RTEC were isolated by mixed collagenase digestion methods and the effect of Cd at different dose on cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The effect of Cd at Hormesis zone dose on the expression of c-myc, cyclinD1, α-SMA, TGF-β1, Wnt and β-catenin were determined by qRT-PCR. Results When exposed for 24h-72h, Cd at a dose of 2.5 μM had maximum proliferation promoting effect. Cd at Hormesis zone dose could up-regulate the expression of cell cycle and proliferation key regulators c-myc and cyclinD1 in an obvious time-dependent manner. Cd at Hormesis zone dose could significantly promote α-SMA, TGF-β1, Wnt and β-catenin mRNA expression. Conclusions Cd at Hormesis zone dose could induce RTEC significant abnormal proliferation and EMT-like transformation. The activation of TGF-β1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathways might play a key role in EMT-like transformation induced by Cd at Hormesis zone dose.","PeriodicalId":91558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of safety, health and environmental research","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83626110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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