{"title":"African American Women Experience Over One and a Half Times the Rate of PTB.","authors":"Elizabeth J Corwin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8274544/pdf/nihms-1687279.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39181905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.7.1.85
E. Corwin
African American women in the United States (US) experience over one and a half times the rate of PTB (14.1% vs. 9.1%) and nearly double the risk of early PTB (< 32 weeks) compared to US white women. Their infants are twice as likely to die. More than a decade ago, the National Academy of Medicine identified chronic stress experienced by African American women as one of the key factors contributing to this elevated risk. Unfortunately, in the decade since, there has been little if any improvement in birth outcomes among the population, and this health disparity has continued unabated. Therefore, in order to better address this intractable problem, our team of experts with complementary skills in prenatal health, stress research, health disparity, and metabolomics came together with a fresh approach. As a group, and as described in our recent article, “Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Associated with Glucocorticoid Resistance in Pregnant African-American Women”,we identified for the first time, the metabolites and metabolic pathways that associated with increased chronic stress within a socioeconomically diverse cohort of pregnant African American women, an essential first step in the successful development of a targeted intervention. For our study, the level of chronic stress exposure was determined by the concentration of the cortisol-like steroid dexamethasone (Dex) required to produce a 50% inhibition (i.e., Dex IC50) of the in vitro release of the cytokine tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from white blood cells in response to a standard dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS); this variable, Dex IC50, is commonly defined as glucocorticoid resistance.
与美国白人妇女相比，非裔美国妇女患PTB的比率超过1.5倍(14.1%对9.1%)，早期PTB(< 32周)的风险几乎是其两倍。他们的婴儿死亡率是普通人的两倍。十多年前，美国国家医学院(National Academy of Medicine)认定，非裔美国女性所经历的慢性压力是导致这种风险升高的关键因素之一。不幸的是，在此后的十年中，人口的出生结果几乎没有任何改善，而且这种健康差距继续有增无减。因此，为了更好地解决这一棘手的问题，我们的专家团队在产前健康、压力研究、健康差异和代谢组学方面具有互补的技能，他们一起提出了一种新的方法。作为一个群体，正如我们最近的一篇文章《与非裔美国孕妇糖皮质激素耐药性相关的代谢物和代谢途径》中所描述的那样，我们首次在一个社会经济多样化的非裔美国孕妇队列中确定了与慢性压力增加相关的代谢物和代谢途径，这是成功开发有针对性干预的重要的第一步。在我们的研究中，慢性应激暴露的水平是由皮质醇样类固醇地塞米松(Dex)的浓度决定的，该浓度对标准剂量的脂多糖(LPS)产生50%的抑制作用(即Dex IC50)，抑制白细胞中细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α (tnf - α)的体外释放;这个变量Dex IC50通常被定义为糖皮质激素耐药性。
{"title":"African American Women Experience Over One and a Half Times the Rate of PTB.","authors":"E. Corwin","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.7.1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.7.1.85","url":null,"abstract":"African American women in the United States (US) experience over one and a half times the rate of PTB (14.1% vs. 9.1%) and nearly double the risk of early PTB (< 32 weeks) compared to US white women. Their infants are twice as likely to die. More than a decade ago, the National Academy of Medicine identified chronic stress experienced by African American women as one of the key factors contributing to this elevated risk. Unfortunately, in the decade since, there has been little if any improvement in birth outcomes among the population, and this health disparity has continued unabated. Therefore, in order to better address this intractable problem, our team of experts with complementary skills in prenatal health, stress research, health disparity, and metabolomics came together with a fresh approach. As a group, and as described in our recent article, “Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Associated with Glucocorticoid Resistance in Pregnant African-American Women”,we identified for the first time, the metabolites and metabolic pathways that associated with increased chronic stress within a socioeconomically diverse cohort of pregnant African American women, an essential first step in the successful development of a targeted intervention. For our study, the level of chronic stress exposure was determined by the concentration of the cortisol-like steroid dexamethasone (Dex) required to produce a 50% inhibition (i.e., Dex IC50) of the in vitro release of the cytokine tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from white blood cells in response to a standard dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS); this variable, Dex IC50, is commonly defined as glucocorticoid resistance.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"7 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.58
C. Chukwujekwu
Objective: The study was designed to assess the prevalence, patterns and correlates of schizophrenia among outpatient attendees at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele over a three year period. Materials and Methods: Case files of all psychiatric patients who attended the psychiatric clinic of Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) from January 2014, to December 2016 were reviewed. Results: A total of 978 psychiatric patients attended the hospital within the time frame stated. Out of this, 214 were diagnosed schizophrenic. The prevalence rate of schizophrenia in the study was 21.9% and the mean age of the subjects was 35.6+10.4 years. A greater proportion of the subjects were aged 31-40 years (37.4%), male (60.7%), unemployed (39.2%), single (58.9%), had secondary education (42.1%), Christians (99.1%), paranoid schizophrenics (47.7%), and aggressive (55.1%). There was significant association between aggression and age (X2=21.417, df=5, p<0.05), employment status (X2=29.686, df=5, p<0.05), marital status (X2=21.971, df=3, p<0.005). Also significant correlations were found between aggression and delusion as well as between family history of psychiatric disorder and both suicidal variables and delusion. Conclusion: Mental health disorders are not uncommon and schizophrenia ranks high among them. The continued neglect of mental health issues in our environment and the large unmet need for service to them is a stiff challenge. Improvement in our knowledge of the epidemiology of schizophrenia in our environment will contribute in bridging this gap.
{"title":"Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Schizophrenia among Out-Patient Attendees at Madonna University Teaching Hospital,Elele: A 3-Year Review","authors":"C. Chukwujekwu","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.58","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study was designed to assess the prevalence, patterns and correlates of schizophrenia among outpatient attendees at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele over a three year period. Materials and Methods: Case files of all psychiatric patients who attended the psychiatric clinic of Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) from January 2014, to December 2016 were reviewed. Results: A total of 978 psychiatric patients attended the hospital within the time frame stated. Out of this, 214 were diagnosed schizophrenic. The prevalence rate of schizophrenia in the study was 21.9% and the mean age of the subjects was 35.6+10.4 years. A greater proportion of the subjects were aged 31-40 years (37.4%), male (60.7%), unemployed (39.2%), single (58.9%), had secondary education (42.1%), Christians (99.1%), paranoid schizophrenics (47.7%), and aggressive (55.1%). There was significant association between aggression and age (X2=21.417, df=5, p<0.05), employment status (X2=29.686, df=5, p<0.05), marital status (X2=21.971, df=3, p<0.005). Also significant correlations were found between aggression and delusion as well as between family history of psychiatric disorder and both suicidal variables and delusion. Conclusion: Mental health disorders are not uncommon and schizophrenia ranks high among them. The continued neglect of mental health issues in our environment and the large unmet need for service to them is a stiff challenge. Improvement in our knowledge of the epidemiology of schizophrenia in our environment will contribute in bridging this gap.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.62
Mukhopadhyay Ak
On the landscape of human possibilities, consciousness-rooted futurologists predicts emergence of Homo spiritualis from the present Homo sapiens. On this passage, to tide over different grades of uncertainties cultivation of Faith, Devotion and Love is felt essential. The deep science in psychology, biology and neurology has been discussed while cultivating such qualities in life. The beneficial spin offs from such perspective are new ideas and several research questions, addressing of which might help to extend the vertical depth and horizon of science.
{"title":"Emergence of Homo Spiritualis of Essential Requirements - Faith, Devotion and Love: Deep Science of Their Psychoneurobiology","authors":"Mukhopadhyay Ak","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"On the landscape of human possibilities, consciousness-rooted futurologists predicts emergence of Homo spiritualis from the present Homo sapiens. On this passage, to tide over different grades of uncertainties cultivation of Faith, Devotion and Love is felt essential. The deep science in psychology, biology and neurology has been discussed while cultivating such qualities in life. The beneficial spin offs from such perspective are new ideas and several research questions, addressing of which might help to extend the vertical depth and horizon of science.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.57
M. O. Fonseca, C. P. Soares, R. M. Joaquim, A. B. Veras
The use of phototherapy has become popular and associated with this panorama, we observe the growth of new techniques and uses. Among the most avant-garde we can find transcranial therapies and their use in fields such as psychiatry and neurology, treating in a therapeutic way pathologies such as depression, Alzheimer's, phobias and neurodegenerative diseases. The following article aimed to evaluate all studies related to the topic Transcranial Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Major Depression, indexed in the base date PubMed. The studies were selected using the descriptors; depression; transcranial; photobiomodulation; infrared light and laser therapy, being limited to articles that used some type of control group within the publication period of 10 years. At the end of the review, the scarce number of articles on the topic was observed, although the results seem promising in the great majority. The following review may also raise data for future discussions on methodological issues involved, such as the lack of studies with large groups as well as the difficulty of performing double-blind studies of enormous scientific importance.
{"title":"Transcranial Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Major Depression","authors":"M. O. Fonseca, C. P. Soares, R. M. Joaquim, A. B. Veras","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"The use of phototherapy has become popular and associated with this panorama, we observe the growth of new techniques and uses. Among the most avant-garde we can find transcranial therapies and their use in fields such as psychiatry and neurology, treating in a therapeutic way pathologies such as depression, Alzheimer's, phobias and neurodegenerative diseases. The following article aimed to evaluate all studies related to the topic Transcranial Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Major Depression, indexed in the base date PubMed. The studies were selected using the descriptors; depression; transcranial; photobiomodulation; infrared light and laser therapy, being limited to articles that used some type of control group within the publication period of 10 years. At the end of the review, the scarce number of articles on the topic was observed, although the results seem promising in the great majority. The following review may also raise data for future discussions on methodological issues involved, such as the lack of studies with large groups as well as the difficulty of performing double-blind studies of enormous scientific importance.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.59
C. Chukwujekwu
Objective: The study was designed to study the prevalence, patterns and comorbidities of seizure disorders among psychiatric clinic attendees at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria, over a 7-year period. Materials and Methods: Case files of all psychiatric patients who attended the psychiatric clinic of Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) from June 2011 to June 2018 were revived. Records of patients who had a diagnosis of seizure disorder were studied. Results: A total of 2,283 patients attended the psychiatric clinic within the time frame stated. Out of this, 148 were diagnosed with a seizure disorder, hence giving a prevalence of 6.5%. The largest proportions of the subjects were aged 21-30 years (33.1%), female (54.1%), single (71.6%) and had a secondary education (39.9%). Tonic clinic seizure was the most prevalent seizure type (55.4%). Most of the patients had neither medical (70.3%) nor psychiatric co-morbidity (60.8%). Temporal lobe epilepsy had the highest psychiatric co-morbidity (91.7%) and the most common psychiatric co-morbidity was Depression (16.2%). The association between seizure type and psychiatric co-morbidity was statistically significant (χ2=22.388, df=8, p<0.05). Conclusion: Tonic-clonic seizure was the most prevalent seizure type seen but those suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy had the highest rate of psychiatric morbidity. Depression was the most common psychiatric co-morbidity among epileptic patients and seizure patients have the tendency to develop another medical condition as they grow older.
{"title":"Seizure Disorders at Madonna University Teaching Hospital; Prevalence, Patterns and Co-Morbidities – A 7 Year Review","authors":"C. Chukwujekwu","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study was designed to study the prevalence, patterns and comorbidities of seizure disorders among psychiatric clinic attendees at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria, over a 7-year period. Materials and Methods: Case files of all psychiatric patients who attended the psychiatric clinic of Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) from June 2011 to June 2018 were revived. Records of patients who had a diagnosis of seizure disorder were studied. Results: A total of 2,283 patients attended the psychiatric clinic within the time frame stated. Out of this, 148 were diagnosed with a seizure disorder, hence giving a prevalence of 6.5%. The largest proportions of the subjects were aged 21-30 years (33.1%), female (54.1%), single (71.6%) and had a secondary education (39.9%). Tonic clinic seizure was the most prevalent seizure type (55.4%). Most of the patients had neither medical (70.3%) nor psychiatric co-morbidity (60.8%). Temporal lobe epilepsy had the highest psychiatric co-morbidity (91.7%) and the most common psychiatric co-morbidity was Depression (16.2%). The association between seizure type and psychiatric co-morbidity was statistically significant (χ2=22.388, df=8, p<0.05). Conclusion: Tonic-clonic seizure was the most prevalent seizure type seen but those suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy had the highest rate of psychiatric morbidity. Depression was the most common psychiatric co-morbidity among epileptic patients and seizure patients have the tendency to develop another medical condition as they grow older.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2471-9854.5.1.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.61
L. Leontieva, J. Dimmock, K. Carey, R. Ploutz-Snyder, Z. Meszaros, S. Batki
Background: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is a widely used instrument for symptom severity assessment in schizophrenia. Its Abstract Thinking item (N5) was developed for the assessment of thought disorder. This item currently lacks examples of correct and incorrect responses to similarities and proverb items. Different raters may judge these items as correct or incorrect based on their own level of abstraction, cultural background, and familiarity with possible responses. Precision in scoring is especially important, when the instrument is used to evaluate changes in schizophrenia symptoms over time and with treatment. This study proposes a new method of scoring the N5 subscale. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to develop a new scoring guide for the PANSS N5 Similarities and Proverbs scale and to assess inter-rater reliability using the newly developed scoring guide. Method: The authors analysed responses to PANSS questions of subjects who completed a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial of oral naltrexone for treatment of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia. Results: Of the 90 subjects, 45 had schizophrenia and 45 had schizoaffective disorder. 95% of subjects had alcohol dependence, 5% had alcohol abuse. Subjects consumed a median of 21 standard drinks per week at study entry. Participants had low to moderate PANSS Positive, Negative, and General Psychopathology scores. 434 different responses to similarities and 748 different responses to proverbs were sorted independently by two psychologists using a newly developed scoring guide for N5. The guide sorted responses into 4 categories, from correct to marginal, to concrete, to incorrect; examples of almost each type of responses were provided in the guide. Inter-rater reliability for scoring all Similarities responses was 93%, Weighed Cohen Kappa 0.83, p< .001; for scoring all Proverbs was 87%, Weighted Cohen Kappa 0.62, p<.001. Conclusion: Strong inter-rater reliability was achieved using a newly-developed scoring guide for Similarities and Proverbs of PANSS. The Guide could be used to improve accuracy of scoring PANSS N5.
{"title":"Development of a Scoring Guide for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) Abstract Thinking Subscale","authors":"L. Leontieva, J. Dimmock, K. Carey, R. Ploutz-Snyder, Z. Meszaros, S. Batki","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.61","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is a widely used instrument for symptom severity assessment in schizophrenia. Its Abstract Thinking item (N5) was developed for the assessment of thought disorder. This item currently lacks examples of correct and incorrect responses to similarities and proverb items. Different raters may judge these items as correct or incorrect based on their own level of abstraction, cultural background, and familiarity with possible responses. Precision in scoring is especially important, when the instrument is used to evaluate changes in schizophrenia symptoms over time and with treatment. This study proposes a new method of scoring the N5 subscale. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to develop a new scoring guide for the PANSS N5 Similarities and Proverbs scale and to assess inter-rater reliability using the newly developed scoring guide. Method: The authors analysed responses to PANSS questions of subjects who completed a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial of oral naltrexone for treatment of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia. Results: Of the 90 subjects, 45 had schizophrenia and 45 had schizoaffective disorder. 95% of subjects had alcohol dependence, 5% had alcohol abuse. Subjects consumed a median of 21 standard drinks per week at study entry. Participants had low to moderate PANSS Positive, Negative, and General Psychopathology scores. 434 different responses to similarities and 748 different responses to proverbs were sorted independently by two psychologists using a newly developed scoring guide for N5. The guide sorted responses into 4 categories, from correct to marginal, to concrete, to incorrect; examples of almost each type of responses were provided in the guide. Inter-rater reliability for scoring all Similarities responses was 93%, Weighed Cohen Kappa 0.83, p< .001; for scoring all Proverbs was 87%, Weighted Cohen Kappa 0.62, p<.001. Conclusion: Strong inter-rater reliability was achieved using a newly-developed scoring guide for Similarities and Proverbs of PANSS. The Guide could be used to improve accuracy of scoring PANSS N5.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.64
Ogundare T, Onifade Po
Background: Social integration is a multidimensional construct that is thought to include both the behavioral component of active engagement in a wide range of activities and/or social relationships and the cognitive component of a sense of communality and identification with one’s social roles. Patients with schizophrenia have been described as being ‘in the community but not of the community’. Although patients with schizophrenia have adequate social networks, their level of engagement is low. Aim: To determine the social integration of patients with schizophrenia using the Social Integration Scale, and to determine the feasibility of using the Social Integration Scale in a non-western country. Methods: This study was conducted among outpatients with schizophrenia attending the Out-Patient Clinic of the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria, aged 18-65 years. MINI-PLUS, PANSS, WHOQOL-BREF and SIS were administered to consenting participants. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants were 40.9 (9.0) years, 52% were males, 42% were single, the mean (SD) age of onset of illness was 29.1 (8.8) years, 48% of them had greater than 10 years of illness duration, and 90% has had multiple episodes. PANSS shows a mean (SD) PANSS positive scale score of 8.46 (2.94), mean (SD) overall QOL score of 3.88 (1.15) and mean (SD) general health score of 4.02 (1.08). The Cronbach’s alpha of the SIS was 0.86, and factor analysis yielded 4 factors: 1) community participation, 2) giving and receiving help; 3) connectedness, and 4) initiation of social interactions. Conclusion: The SIS is a valid measure of social integration among patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria.
{"title":"Measuring Social Integration among Patients with Schizophrenia: Testing the Reliability of the Social Integration Scale in a Non-Western Setting","authors":"Ogundare T, Onifade Po","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social integration is a multidimensional construct that is thought to include both the behavioral component of active engagement in a wide range of activities and/or social relationships and the cognitive component of a sense of communality and identification with one’s social roles. Patients with schizophrenia have been described as being ‘in the community but not of the community’. Although patients with schizophrenia have adequate social networks, their level of engagement is low. Aim: To determine the social integration of patients with schizophrenia using the Social Integration Scale, and to determine the feasibility of using the Social Integration Scale in a non-western country. Methods: This study was conducted among outpatients with schizophrenia attending the Out-Patient Clinic of the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria, aged 18-65 years. MINI-PLUS, PANSS, WHOQOL-BREF and SIS were administered to consenting participants. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants were 40.9 (9.0) years, 52% were males, 42% were single, the mean (SD) age of onset of illness was 29.1 (8.8) years, 48% of them had greater than 10 years of illness duration, and 90% has had multiple episodes. PANSS shows a mean (SD) PANSS positive scale score of 8.46 (2.94), mean (SD) overall QOL score of 3.88 (1.15) and mean (SD) general health score of 4.02 (1.08). The Cronbach’s alpha of the SIS was 0.86, and factor analysis yielded 4 factors: 1) community participation, 2) giving and receiving help; 3) connectedness, and 4) initiation of social interactions. Conclusion: The SIS is a valid measure of social integration among patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.63
T. P. Dooley, A. Benjamin, T. Thomas
A patented new class of anti-anxiety medications consists of a beta blocker plus an antimuscarinic agent to inhibit the sympathetic and parasympathetic symptoms of anxiety disorders, respectively. The PanX® medications are non-benzodiazepines to address the unmet medical need for fast-acting and effective anxiolytics, without using active ingredients known to produce dependence or addiction. The effects and side effects of compounded Atenolol - Scopolamine HBr were assessed in physician-sponsored studies in psychiatry and pain management settings. A total of 22 patients affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and/or Panic Attack, or acute anxiety conditions (e.g., situational anxiety associated with a medical procedure or Substance Use Disorders) were treated prn with Atenolol 25 mg - Scopolamine HBr 0.2 mg. Eighteen patients (82 percent) were responders to this combination drug approach. The patients perceived a calming effect in less than 30 minutes via oral mucosal delivery or less than 60 minutes by oral ingestion, and the perceived calming effect lasted up to 8 hours. The calming effect was further substantiated using a 0-10 point subjective anxiety score and the “State” anxiety symptom severity was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Instrument (BAI-S). Heart rate and blood pressure were reduced at 1 hour and 4-5 hours, consistent with the effects of a beta blocker.
{"title":"Treating Anxiety with a Beta Blocker - Antimuscarinic Combination: A Review of Compounded Atenolol - Scopolamine","authors":"T. P. Dooley, A. Benjamin, T. Thomas","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"A patented new class of anti-anxiety medications consists of a beta blocker plus an antimuscarinic agent to inhibit the sympathetic and parasympathetic symptoms of anxiety disorders, respectively. The PanX® medications are non-benzodiazepines to address the unmet medical need for fast-acting and effective anxiolytics, without using active ingredients known to produce dependence or addiction. The effects and side effects of compounded Atenolol - Scopolamine HBr were assessed in physician-sponsored studies in psychiatry and pain management settings. A total of 22 patients affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and/or Panic Attack, or acute anxiety conditions (e.g., situational anxiety associated with a medical procedure or Substance Use Disorders) were treated prn with Atenolol 25 mg - Scopolamine HBr 0.2 mg. Eighteen patients (82 percent) were responders to this combination drug approach. The patients perceived a calming effect in less than 30 minutes via oral mucosal delivery or less than 60 minutes by oral ingestion, and the perceived calming effect lasted up to 8 hours. The calming effect was further substantiated using a 0-10 point subjective anxiety score and the “State” anxiety symptom severity was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Instrument (BAI-S). Heart rate and blood pressure were reduced at 1 hour and 4-5 hours, consistent with the effects of a beta blocker.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.60
A. Aguglia, L. Proietti, Andrea Vallarino, M. Amore
Several authors agree that Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) is not appropriate to define a psychiatric diagnosis, with negative implications in research and treatment. Operative diagnosis is a strategic construct, it can be functional, complementary and coexist next to the DSM dictated descriptive diagnosis. While the latest ones can be used as a guide in emergency and during psychiatric hospitalization, especially to decidean adequate pharmacological treatment, the operative diagnosis can vice versa be useful to discover how a problem works and to indicate possible solutions in the long-term prognosis. The aim of this case report is to show the importance of an operative diagnosis, based also on integration of environmental and familial situation, to reach a better therapeutic effectiveness and recovery.
{"title":"Integrated Diagnoses for an Integrated Treatment in a Suicide Attempt: A Case Report","authors":"A. Aguglia, L. Proietti, Andrea Vallarino, M. Amore","doi":"10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.60","url":null,"abstract":"Several authors agree that Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) is not appropriate to define a psychiatric diagnosis, with negative implications in research and treatment. Operative diagnosis is a strategic construct, it can be functional, complementary and coexist next to the DSM dictated descriptive diagnosis. While the latest ones can be used as a guide in emergency and during psychiatric hospitalization, especially to decidean adequate pharmacological treatment, the operative diagnosis can vice versa be useful to discover how a problem works and to indicate possible solutions in the long-term prognosis. The aim of this case report is to show the importance of an operative diagnosis, based also on integration of environmental and familial situation, to reach a better therapeutic effectiveness and recovery.","PeriodicalId":92012,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychiatry (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2471-9854.5.2.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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