Pub Date : 1981-09-01Epub Date: 2002-06-19DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90003-7
N. Vanhove (Professor)
This paper considers both the primary, direct effects of tourism on employment, and the secondary effects, composed of both indirect and induced employment. Tourism is considered in the context of economic base analysis, an approach which emphasises that tourism should be viewed as a propulsive activity. The employment multiplier is derived from this analysis, and this is examined in detail together with the income multiplier. Other methods actually used to measure employment in the tourism sector are synthesis and the major employment characteristics of this sector considered. Finally, major factors likely to influence tourism employment in the next decade are emphasised.
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Pub Date : 1981-09-01Epub Date: 2002-06-19DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90006-2
Howard L. Hughes (Senior Lecturer)
It is important that any proposal for a tax on tourist activity should be the subject of a balanced consideration. The hostile reactions initially felt by many engaged in tourism are understandable, but the tax needs to be viewed from all perspectives — hotelier, tourist, non-tourist, community and government — if its rationale and structure are to be fully appreciated. The article attempts to draw together many of the more important arguments for and against a tourism tax, by referring to the few published works on the subject and by relating it to some aspects of the wider field of public finance. It is apparent that there is a lack of information relating to the form and effects of a tourism tax in the UK; this article may serve as a framework for further investigations.
{"title":"A tourism tax — the cases for and against","authors":"Howard L. Hughes (Senior Lecturer)","doi":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90006-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90006-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is important that any proposal for a tax on tourist activity should be the subject of a balanced consideration. The hostile reactions initially felt by many engaged in tourism are understandable, but the tax needs to be viewed from all perspectives — hotelier, tourist, non-tourist, community and government — if its rationale and structure are to be fully appreciated. The article attempts to draw together many of the more important arguments for and against a tourism tax, by referring to the few published works on the subject and by relating it to some aspects of the wider field of public finance. It is apparent that there is a lack of information relating to the form and effects of a tourism tax in the UK; this article may serve as a framework for further investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90006-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78192958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-09-01Epub Date: 2002-06-19DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90005-0
Peter E. Murphy
To manage tourism in popular urban destinations, information regarding local residents' attitudes and preferences is needed. This paper presents a comparative study of three different types of destination area, seeking community reactions to the industry and ways in which such information may guide future strategies. A discriminant analysis shows that there are two underlying functions that distinguish the three towns; none of them has the ideal community attitudes towards tourism. The aesthetics and community impact of local tourism are identified as major concerns in the three towns, and their relative position on these two functions is used to provide some elementary guidance to improve the industry's local image.
{"title":"Community attitudes to tourism","authors":"Peter E. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90005-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90005-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To manage tourism in popular urban destinations, information regarding local residents' attitudes and preferences is needed. This paper presents a comparative study of three different types of destination area, seeking community reactions to the industry and ways in which such information may guide future strategies. A discriminant analysis shows that there are two underlying functions that distinguish the three towns; none of them has the ideal community attitudes towards tourism. The aesthetics and community impact of local tourism are identified as major concerns in the three towns, and their relative position on these two functions is used to provide some elementary guidance to improve the industry's local image.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90005-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92011090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-09-01Epub Date: 2002-06-19DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90004-9
Richard Kotas (Senior Lecturer) , Stephen Wanhill (Senior Lecturer)
The authors expound the concept of Profit Sensitivity Analysis (PSA) which examines alterations in the operating accounts of a business solely in terms of their impact on profits. They go on to outline the theoretical foundations of the concept and then indicate a variety of applications.
{"title":"PSA — its nature, significance and applications","authors":"Richard Kotas (Senior Lecturer) , Stephen Wanhill (Senior Lecturer)","doi":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90004-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90004-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The authors expound the concept of Profit Sensitivity Analysis (PSA) which examines alterations in the operating accounts of a business solely in terms of their impact on profits. They go on to outline the theoretical foundations of the concept and then indicate a variety of applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 176-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90004-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85554922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-09-01Epub Date: 2002-06-19DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90002-5
Hugh Latimer (lecturer)
The concepts of consumer and producer surpluses are explained; one aspect of a socially and economically desirable project is that surpluses outweigh losses (the two not needing to arise in the same group, and different weightings may be used). For economists, tourism is unusual in that the consumers gaining (or losing) a surplus include non-residents. Restrictive assumptions made at the outset are relaxed in later examples.
{"title":"Consumer and producer surpluses in tourism","authors":"Hugh Latimer (lecturer)","doi":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90002-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90002-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concepts of consumer and producer surpluses are explained; one aspect of a socially and economically desirable project is that surpluses outweigh losses (the two not needing to arise in the same group, and different weightings may be used). For economists, tourism is unusual in that the consumers gaining (or losing) a surplus include non-residents. Restrictive assumptions made at the outset are relaxed in later examples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90002-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77301898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-06-01Epub Date: 2002-06-19DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90061-X
{"title":"Leisure spending in the European community forecasts to 1990","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90061-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90061-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Management","volume":"2 2","pages":"Page 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90061-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92058493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-06-01DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90057-8
E. Kaynak, U. Yavas
{"title":"Segmenting the tourism market by purpose of trip: A profile analysis of visitors to Halifax, Canada","authors":"E. Kaynak, U. Yavas","doi":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90057-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90057-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Management","volume":"131 1","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79081707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-06-01Epub Date: 2002-06-19DOI: 10.1016/0143-2516(81)90056-6
Michael Riley
This article puts forward two broad theories, based on skill requirements, of why and how standards in British hotels may be falling. The structure of the labour market is the focus of one theory, and hotel culture and the ‘European tradition’, of the other: A main conclusion is that any prolonged decline in hotel standards will be difficult to reverse, so some actions to prevent its prolongation are suggested.
{"title":"Declining hotel standards and the skill trap","authors":"Michael Riley","doi":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90056-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-2516(81)90056-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article puts forward two broad theories, based on skill requirements, of why and how standards in British hotels may be falling. The structure of the labour market is the focus of one theory, and hotel culture and the ‘European tradition’, of the other: A main conclusion is that any prolonged decline in hotel standards will be difficult to reverse, so some actions to prevent its prolongation are suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100718,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Management","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-2516(81)90056-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77980255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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