Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent one of the most promising next‐generation photovoltaic technologies, owing to their exceptional optical absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, long carrier diffusion length and low‐cost solution processability. However, the performance of PSCs remains constrained by the crystalline quality and high defect density of perovskite thin films. Herein, we report a multifunctional molecular additive, potassium [(tert‐butoxycarbonylamino) methyl] trifluoroborate (denoted as ER). Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveal that the hydroxyl groups generated via ‐BF 3− hydrolysis and carbonyl oxygen atoms in ER strongly coordinate with undercoordinated Pb 2+ ions. Meanwhile, the tert‐butoxycarbonylamino (‐NH‐Boc) group effectively suppresses iodide migration by anchoring I − through hydrogen bonding. Notably, ER molecules can capture ambient moisture, converting humidity from a detrimental environmental factor into “chemical fuel” that drives in situ defect passivation through a self‐catalyzed molecular transformation process. As a result, the optimized n‐i‐p structured PSCs with ER achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.63%. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintains 93.84% of its initial PCE after for 1778 h of aging under ISOS‐D‐1 conditions. This work provides an effective strategy for synergistically regulating perovskite crystallization and defect passivation via molecular engineering, thereby promoting the development of high‐performance and long‐term stable PSCs.
金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）由于其优异的光吸收系数、可调谐的带隙、较长的载流子扩散长度和低成本的溶液可加工性，代表了最有前途的下一代光伏技术之一。然而，钙钛矿薄膜的晶体质量和高缺陷密度仍然制约着PSCs的性能。在此，我们报道了一种多功能分子添加剂，三氟硼酸钾[（叔丁基羰基氨基）甲基]（记为ER）。理论计算和实验表征表明，通过‐bf3−水解生成的羟基和内质网中的羰基氧原子与欠配位pb2 +离子强烈配位。同时，叔丁基羰基氨基（‐NH‐Boc）基团通过氢键锚定I−，有效抑制碘离子的迁移。值得注意的是，ER分子可以捕获周围的水分，将湿度从有害的环境因素转化为“化学燃料”，通过自催化的分子转化过程驱动原位缺陷钝化。因此，优化后的具有ER的n - i - p结构psc实现了25.63%的冠军功率转换效率（PCE）。此外，未封装的器件在iso - D - 1条件下老化1778 h后，其初始PCE保持在93.84%。本研究为通过分子工程协同调控钙钛矿结晶和缺陷钝化提供了一种有效的策略，从而促进高性能、长期稳定的PSCs的发展。
{"title":"Multifunctional Borate Additive Enables Defect Passivation and Crystallization Control Toward High‐Performance n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Yujie Liu, Jiacheng Pi, Jiafan Zhang, Yang Cao, Haoyi Zhang, Kai Wang, Danyang Qi, Jiarong Wu, Nan Li, Jianzhong Liu, Jinjun Wu, Xingyu Gao, Yucheng Liu, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu, Jiangshan Feng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.79278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.79278","url":null,"abstract":"Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent one of the most promising next‐generation photovoltaic technologies, owing to their exceptional optical absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, long carrier diffusion length and low‐cost solution processability. However, the performance of PSCs remains constrained by the crystalline quality and high defect density of perovskite thin films. Herein, we report a multifunctional molecular additive, potassium [(tert‐butoxycarbonylamino) methyl] trifluoroborate (denoted as ER). Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveal that the hydroxyl groups generated via ‐BF <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> hydrolysis and carbonyl oxygen atoms in ER strongly coordinate with undercoordinated Pb <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> ions. Meanwhile, the tert‐butoxycarbonylamino (‐NH‐Boc) group effectively suppresses iodide migration by anchoring I <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> through hydrogen bonding. Notably, ER molecules can capture ambient moisture, converting humidity from a detrimental environmental factor into “chemical fuel” that drives in situ defect passivation through a self‐catalyzed molecular transformation process. As a result, the optimized n‐i‐p structured PSCs with ER achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.63%. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintains 93.84% of its initial PCE after for 1778 h of aging under ISOS‐D‐1 conditions. This work provides an effective strategy for synergistically regulating perovskite crystallization and defect passivation via molecular engineering, thereby promoting the development of high‐performance and long‐term stable PSCs.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 4D-printed auxetic framework amplifies joint deformation in a self-powered e-skin that combines triboelectric and piezoelectric sensing. A nine-channel array captures spatially distinct signals, while a one-dimensional convolutional neural network identifies movement patterns. The device translates joint motion into measurable voltage and current responses, offering a wearable approach to multimodal motion monitoring.
{"title":"Programmable Auxetic Metamaterial-Based E-Skin for Conformable Dual-Mechanism Spatiotemporal Sensing","authors":"Hongyu Zhu,Shen Zhang,Tianyu Yang,Shuai Hu,Wei Zhao,Chengjun Zeng,Yanju Liu,Jinsong Leng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.79257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.79257","url":null,"abstract":"A 4D-printed auxetic framework amplifies joint deformation in a self-powered e-skin that combines triboelectric and piezoelectric sensing. A nine-channel array captures spatially distinct signals, while a one-dimensional convolutional neural network identifies movement patterns. The device translates joint motion into measurable voltage and current responses, offering a wearable approach to multimodal motion monitoring.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149281727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid-state relaxation-dominated morphology evolution, rather than quenching-dominated evolution, drives active layers to converge into energetically similar low-energy metastable ensembles, enabling highly reproducible and robust organic photovoltaics with a record-low CV of 0.86% and a high P-FOM of 0.955.
{"title":"Guiding Morphology Evolution via Solid-State Relaxation for Highly Reproducible and Robust Organic Photovoltaics","authors":"Xingpeng Liu,Longjing Wan,Ruikai Yu,Zemin He,Yutong Zhang,Xiao Yang,Chuanhao Zhao,Rui Zhou,Zirui Liu,Jingming Xin,Chunpeng Song,Bin Tang,Wancheng Yu,Zhi-Guo Zhang,Qiuju Liang,Jiangang Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.79386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.79386","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state relaxation-dominated morphology evolution, rather than quenching-dominated evolution, drives active layers to converge into energetically similar low-energy metastable ensembles, enabling highly reproducible and robust organic photovoltaics with a record-low CV of 0.86% and a high P-FOM of 0.955.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149281735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interfacial electrochemical transformation of organic molecules is often influenced by the competitive oxygen evolution reaction initiated by the preferential adsorption of OH − ions. Here, we introduce an interfacial OH − regulation strategy enabled by integrating a multi‐heteroatom‐doped carbon framework (NPSC) onto Ni 12 P 5 nanomaterials, produced via Ni 2+ adsorption on yeast and subsequent carbonization. This catalytic system attains a peak faradaic efficiency of 90.1%, with an impressive 94.2% selectivity in synthesizing the bioplastic monomer 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid through electrocatalytic conversion of 98.1% of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) at 1.45 V RHE . This exceptional performance is driven by the intimate interfacial coupling between the Ni 12 P 5 phase and NPSC, modulating the local catalytic environment. In situ characterizations reveal the dynamic generation and redox cycle of active NiOOH species from Ni 12 P 5 , corroborating the HMF oxidation pathway via the 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid intermediate. Density functional theory calculations substantiate that NPSC‐supported Ni 12 P 5 effectively regulates interfacial OH * adsorption and elevates the energy barrier of oxygen intermediate conversion (OH * to O * ), inhibiting the oxygen evolution reaction while enhancing the kinetics of HMF oxidation. This work not only establishes a renewed and biomass‐derived protocol for fabricating electrocatalysts to facilitate biomass conversion efficiency but also offers new opportunities for leveraging biomass‐derived carbon materials in renewable energy systems.
{"title":"Multi‐Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Framework From Yeast Biomass Enabling Embedded Nickel Phosphide Nanoparticles With Selective Electrochemical Upgrading of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural","authors":"Qing Yang, Si‐Ru Chen, Hao Chen, Su‐Fang Qin, Fan‐Hao Hu, Ya‐Wen Yu, Shan‐Shan Hu, Le‐Xing You, Xiao‐Chun Tian, Huan Huang, Yan‐Xia Jiang, Feng Zhao, Shi‐Gang Sun","doi":"10.1002/adfm.79388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.79388","url":null,"abstract":"The interfacial electrochemical transformation of organic molecules is often influenced by the competitive oxygen evolution reaction initiated by the preferential adsorption of OH <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> ions. Here, we introduce an interfacial OH <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> regulation strategy enabled by integrating a multi‐heteroatom‐doped carbon framework (NPSC) onto Ni <jats:sub>12</jats:sub> P <jats:sub>5</jats:sub> nanomaterials, produced via Ni <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> adsorption on yeast and subsequent carbonization. This catalytic system attains a peak faradaic efficiency of 90.1%, with an impressive 94.2% selectivity in synthesizing the bioplastic monomer 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid through electrocatalytic conversion of 98.1% of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) at 1.45 V <jats:sub>RHE</jats:sub> . This exceptional performance is driven by the intimate interfacial coupling between the Ni <jats:sub>12</jats:sub> P <jats:sub>5</jats:sub> phase and NPSC, modulating the local catalytic environment. In situ characterizations reveal the dynamic generation and redox cycle of active NiOOH species from Ni <jats:sub>12</jats:sub> P <jats:sub>5</jats:sub> , corroborating the HMF oxidation pathway via the 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid intermediate. Density functional theory calculations substantiate that NPSC‐supported Ni <jats:sub>12</jats:sub> P <jats:sub>5</jats:sub> effectively regulates interfacial OH <jats:sup>*</jats:sup> adsorption and elevates the energy barrier of oxygen intermediate conversion (OH <jats:sup>*</jats:sup> to O <jats:sup>*</jats:sup> ), inhibiting the oxygen evolution reaction while enhancing the kinetics of HMF oxidation. This work not only establishes a renewed and biomass‐derived protocol for fabricating electrocatalysts to facilitate biomass conversion efficiency but also offers new opportunities for leveraging biomass‐derived carbon materials in renewable energy systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A flexible ionic pressure sensing array is developed for real-time occlusal pressure monitoring and wrist pulse spatiotemporal mapping. It captures high-sensitivity pressure signals, visualizes pressure distribution, and enables pattern classification of occlusal states and radial pulse waveforms.
{"title":"Ultrasensitive and Wide-Range Ionic Pressure Sensors Toward Intelligent Assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse and Oral Occlusal Health","authors":"Hongliang Ma,Zhe Zhang,Shulin Guo,Tengfei Ma,Kai Hu,Ruibing Yao,Xutao Fan,Wendong Zhang,Jun Zhang,Xuge Fan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.79323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.79323","url":null,"abstract":"A flexible ionic pressure sensing array is developed for real-time occlusal pressure monitoring and wrist pulse spatiotemporal mapping. It captures high-sensitivity pressure signals, visualizes pressure distribution, and enables pattern classification of occlusal states and radial pulse waveforms.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"289 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149281739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jihu Chen, Zhi Cheng, Yunfeng Hu, Chao Zhao, Xu Wang, Jie Min, Mingming Si, Qi Ding, Yuchi Fan, Wan Jiang
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for constructing thermoelectric composites with low lattice thermal conductivity, thanks to their inherent porous structure and controllable particle size. However, their inferior thermal stability confines MOFs to low‐temperature sintered thermoelectric systems. In this work, ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were incorporated into n‐type mid‐temperature PbTe 0.99 I 0.01 via cold sintering (CSP). Relative to spark plasma sintering, low‐temperature CSP well preserves the porous structure of ZIF‐8, while inducing fine grains, nanoscale Pb precipitates and dense dislocations. These multiscale defects strongly scatter mid‐ and low‐frequency phonons, reducing lattice thermal conductivity to 0.67 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 650 K. As an electron acceptor, ZIF‐8 also drives interfacial charge transfer and band bending to filter low‐energy carriers, elevating the Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric quality factor. The composite delivers a peak zT of 1.40 and an average zT of 1.01 at 650 K. The assembled thermoelectric module achieves a high conversion efficiency of 6.5% under a 427 K temperature gradient. This study broadens the application of MOFs to high‐efficiency mid‐temperature thermoelectric energy conversion.
金属有机框架（MOFs）由于其固有的多孔结构和可控制的粒径，是构建具有低晶格导热系数的热电复合材料的有希望的候选者。然而，它们较差的热稳定性限制了mof用于低温烧结热电系统。在这项工作中，通过冷烧结（CSP）将ZIF‐8纳米颗粒掺入到n型中温PbTe 0.99 I 0.01中。相对于火花等离子烧结，低温CSP能很好地保留ZIF‐8的多孔结构，同时能诱导出细晶粒、纳米级Pb析出和密集位错。这些多尺度缺陷强烈散射中低频声子，使晶格热导率在650 K时降至0.67 W·m−1·K−1。作为电子受体，ZIF‐8还驱动界面电荷转移和带弯曲来过滤低能载流子，提高塞贝克系数和热电质量因子。在650 K时，复合材料的峰值zT为1.40，平均zT为1.01。组装的热电模块在427 K温度梯度下实现了6.5%的高转换效率。本研究拓宽了mof在高效中温热电能量转换中的应用。
{"title":"Cold Sintering Enables Incorporation of ZIF‐8 into PbTe Composites for Mid‐Temperature Thermoelectric Energy Conversion","authors":"Jihu Chen, Zhi Cheng, Yunfeng Hu, Chao Zhao, Xu Wang, Jie Min, Mingming Si, Qi Ding, Yuchi Fan, Wan Jiang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.79369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.79369","url":null,"abstract":"Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for constructing thermoelectric composites with low lattice thermal conductivity, thanks to their inherent porous structure and controllable particle size. However, their inferior thermal stability confines MOFs to low‐temperature sintered thermoelectric systems. In this work, ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were incorporated into n‐type mid‐temperature PbTe <jats:sub>0.99</jats:sub> I <jats:sub>0.01</jats:sub> via cold sintering (CSP). Relative to spark plasma sintering, low‐temperature CSP well preserves the porous structure of ZIF‐8, while inducing fine grains, nanoscale Pb precipitates and dense dislocations. These multiscale defects strongly scatter mid‐ and low‐frequency phonons, reducing lattice thermal conductivity to 0.67 W·m <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> <jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ·K <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> <jats:sup>1</jats:sup> at 650 K. As an electron acceptor, ZIF‐8 also drives interfacial charge transfer and band bending to filter low‐energy carriers, elevating the Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric quality factor. The composite delivers a peak <jats:italic>zT</jats:italic> of 1.40 and an average <jats:italic>zT</jats:italic> of 1.01 at 650 K. The assembled thermoelectric module achieves a high conversion efficiency of 6.5% under a 427 K temperature gradient. This study broadens the application of MOFs to high‐efficiency mid‐temperature thermoelectric energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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