Advanced Science最新文献

The rise of intelligent systems exacerbates scenario-specific limitations in conventional rigid electronics, revealing critical compatibility gaps across emerging application fields such as wearable devices, bioelectronics, soft robotics, human–machine interfaces, etc. Adaptive conductive systems serve as critical enablers for next-generation deformable electronics through engineering deformable conductors, innovating reconfigurable circuit topologies, and implementing intelligent systems, ensuring robust electrical connectivity and dynamic compliance in variable operating environments. This review presents the research advances of adaptive conductive systems from the perspective of material innovation, circuit interconnection design, system integration, and applications. Deformable conductors consist of substrates and conductive materials with their independent intrinsic properties and synergistic effects, structural designs and fabrication methods of conductive circuits with specialized stretchable configurations, as well as intelligent systems constructed via signal processing, machine learning, and coherent integration, are systematically summarized and reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future research perspectives of adaptive conductive systems are outlined, offering deep insights into research directions and strategies.

Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are two key mechanisms that facilitate tumor progression. Tumor cells achieve their energy requirements for rapid proliferation through metabolic reprogramming, such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming can influence immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment through various mechanisms, ultimately facilitating tumor immune escape. Targeting tumor cell metabolism and combining metabolic regulation with immunotherapy can enhance anti-tumor immune cells, inhibit the function of immunosuppressive cells, improve anti-tumor therapy, and overcome immune escape. This review elucidates the regulatory mechanisms by which glucose, lipids, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, lactate, and hypoxia modulate the proliferation, differentiation, and function of anti-tumor immune cells and immunosuppressive cells. Regulatory strategies to restore the anti-tumor function of immune cells in response to metabolic changes were discussed. These strategies are expected to improve the effect of immunotherapy and are used in combination with other treatments to provide new ideas for cancer management.

Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) have emerged as a strategy for eliminating secreted, extracellular, and plasma-membrane proteins by redirecting them to the endolysosomal system. By coupling target recognition to receptor-mediated uptake, LYTACs exploit endogenous trafficking pathways to access disease-associated proteins beyond the reach of conventional intracellular degradation mechanisms. Related target-intrinsic and cross-linking-driven strategies can likewise promote lysosomal target delivery without recruiting a separate clearance receptor. However, target internalization alone does not establish productive degradation. Following entry, target-containing complexes encounter a competitive endosomal network in which they may recycle, undergo retrograde transport or transcytosis, remain in non-degradative compartments, or proceed to lysosomes. Here, we present a routing-centered framework for understanding and designing extracellular and membrane-protein degradation. We discuss how target biology, receptor choice, tissue distribution, ligand competition, signaling liability, molecular architecture, and intracellular sorting shape degrader performance. We also outline evidence standards for distinguishing bona fide lysosome-dependent target loss from surface depletion, redistribution, epitope masking, shedding, secretion blockade, transcriptional effects, and nonspecific toxicity. Together, these principles define the transition from receptor hijacking to programmable endolysosomal routing.

Multiphoton absorption enables three-dimensional fabrication of photoresists ranging from ceramics to hydrogels and has recently been extended to the writing of microstructures within the dermis, muscle, and brain of living animals. However, an intrinsic difficulty prevents its widespread application in vivo. Absorption, cure kinetics, heat accumulation, and matrix stiffness each vary steeply across neighboring micro-environments and across intervals spanning a single pulse to several minutes. Therefore, any pre-selected exposure drifts out of the safe and effective window as fabrication proceeds. Rigorous feedback control should ideally act simultaneously at three scales: between pulses to bound heating (microseconds), within each voxel to confirm cure and stiffness (milliseconds), and across the finished volume to verify geometry (seconds). Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and luminescent thermometry already satisfy these demands, with photoacoustic, Brillouin, and diamond-defect techniques reaching further into depth, contrast, and sensitivity. We analyze critically how this technology supports predictive controllers at the three scales that learn tissue behavior on the fly, turning these readings into adaptive feedforward with supervisory feedback. We synthesize this toolkit into a single perspective toward adaptive intravital light interventions.

Bamboo-Slip-Inspired Conformal Reconfigurable Metasurface

Inspired by ancient Chinese bamboo slips, this cover presents a reconfigurable conformal metasurface assembled from rigid planar subarrays resembling bamboo slips, enabling arbitrary developable curved surfaces and flexible manipulation of electromagnetic waves. More details can be found in the Research Article by Qifan Li, Long Li, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/advs.77188).

Zhang, L. Yang, J. jiao, et al. “A MXene-Based Nanothermal Knife Inhibits Aggresome-Mediated Persister Formation for Preventing Dental Caries,” Adv. Sci. 12, no. 33 (2025): 12, e01501. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202501501

In Figure 9A, the pathological images of rat tongue mucosa for the Control and Ti₃C₂+L+CHX groups were inadvertently found to be duplicated. The image should be replaced with the correct version.

Original Figure 9A. The biocompatibility of Ti3C2-mediated PTT in vivo. (A) H&E staining images for tongue mucosa and palate mucosa (scale bar, 100 µm).

Corrected Figure 9A. The biocompatibility of Ti₃C₂-mediated PTT in vivo. (A) H&E staining images of tongue mucosa and palate mucosa (scale bar, 100 µm). (B) Blood biochemistry analysis, testing alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CREA). (C) Schedule of rat model construction for testing the oral microbiota homeostasis after Ti₃C₂-mediated PTT. (D) Bar plot of microbial community composition in the Control and Ti₃C₂+L groups. (E) Statistical testing for differences in dominant microbial populations between the Control and Ti₃C₂+L groups. (F) PCA shows the contrast between the Control and the Ti₃C₂+L groups based on the features of microbial communities. (G) Shannon index shows no noticeable differences between the Control and Ti₃C₂+L groups. (H) MDI plot showing the inter-group differences in microbial communities at the genus level between the Control and Ti₃C₂+L groups (ns, p > 0.05).

We would like to emphasize that this correction does not affect the results, interpretation, or conclusions of the study. We apologize for this error.

Engineering multifunctional biointerfaces requires quantitative understanding of how buried nanoscale coating architectures govern biological function, yet such relationships remain inaccessible because non-destructive characterization of soft, curved interfaces is lacking. Here, we establish an integrated engineering-characterization-function platform that quantitatively resolves buried nanocoatings and directly correlates their architecture with interfacial performance. Using silicone hydrogel contact lenses as a representative biomedical substrate, robust semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) nanocoatings are fabricated and characterized by gas cluster ion beam X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (GCIB-XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and a newly developed atomic force microscopy (AFM) modulus-based algorithm. This multimodal framework non-destructively maps vertical chemical gradients, nanometer-scale layer thicknesses, and interfacial mechanical distributions with sub-100 nm precision, enabling quantitative visualization of conformal buried nanocoatings. The resulting structure-function relationships guide the rational engineering of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) interfaces with homogeneous surface coverage (∼89%), enhanced wettability, markedly reduced protein adsorption and cellular fouling, while fully preserving oxygen permeability, optical transparency, UV protection, and mechanical integrity. The platform further enables incorporation of functional monomers for light-triggered therapeutic release without compromising device performance. Beyond contact lenses, this work provides a generalizable strategy for quantitatively engineering and predicting multifunctional nanocoatings across diverse biomedical interfaces.

Tri‑functional electrocatalysis is crucial for coupling rechargeable zinc‑air batteries with water splitting (WS), enabling self‑powered hydrogen production and versatile energy conversion. Although numerous catalysts demonstrate excellent half-cell activities toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction, their practical application in battery-driven water electrolysis remains challenging. The major bottleneck is multiscale mismatch, which involves conflicting adsorption energetics at atomic sites, unstable gas‑liquid‑solid interfaces at electrodes, device degradation under alternating charge‑discharge and electrolysis modes, and voltage‑power imbalances at the system level. This review goes beyond conventional material summaries by constructing a catalyst–electrode–device–system framework to systematically examine how electronic modulation, defect engineering, heterostructure design, single-atom site tuning, and self-supported electrode construction influence intrinsic activity, mass transport, interfacial durability, and overall cell performance. Importantly, the actual operating point of the coupled system is determined by the intersection of the battery discharge curve and the electrolyzer polarization curve, rather than by isolated half‑cell metrics alone. Finally, we highlight future opportunities including operando characterization techniques, AI‑driven catalyst screening, standardized device evaluation protocols, and system-level co‑design for practical renewable energy devices.

Multi-Condition Single-Cell Data

The yin-yang (Taiji) symbol at the heart of this cover visual encapsulates the dual mission of CAPER: to carefully remove unwanted technical variation while faithfully preserving true biological signals. The blue and orange cellular populations denote two contrasting conditions, such as stimulated versus control or disease versus healthy, and the diversity of cell shapes illustrates CAPER's capacity to retain condition-specific, cell-population-level heterogeneity. This balance is essential for enabling robust downstream discovery in multi-condition single-cell transcriptomics studies. More details can be found in the Research Article by Ye Li, Shiquan Sun, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/advs.76186).