Advanced Science最新文献

Accurate prediction of global sea surface temperature at sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales is critical for drought and flood forecasting, as well as for improving disaster preparedness in human society. Operational physics-based numerical models are run to predict S2S sea surface temperature and corresponding climate indices, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation. However, these models are hampered by computational inefficiencies, rapidly dissipating ocean-atmosphere initial conditions, and significant uncertainty and biases. Here, we introduce a novel spatiotemporal deep learning neural network to model the nonlinear and complex coupled atmosphere-ocean weather systems. This model, named as CAS-Canglong, incorporates climatic and temporal features and employs a self-attention mechanism to enhance the prediction of global S2S sea surface temperature pattern. Compared to the physics-based models, it shows higher computational efficiency and more predictive capability, improving one to three months sea surface temperature predictive skill by 55.6 ± 14.1% to 63.4 ± 15.5% in six ocean regions with dominant influence on S2S variability over land. This achievement underscores the huge potential of deep learning for largely improving forecasting skills at the S2S timescales over land.

Diabetic wounds are characterized by persistent inflammation and impaired immune resolution, yet the therapeutic translation of single-cell atlases into rational immunomodulatory strategies remains limited. Here, integration of diabetic-wound single-cell transcriptomic datasets identifies a neutrophil subpopulation enriched in cluster of differentiation 55 (CD55) with complement-regulatory and reparative features. Guided by this atlas-derived signature, activated neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (aNEVs) enriched in CD55 are generated under high-glucose and lipopolysaccharide stimulation and incorporated into a microbial transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel for localized delivery and protease-sensitive matrix remodeling. The resulting gelatin/aNEV composite hydrogel (Gel/aNEV) attenuates complement-associated inflammatory signaling, C3a production, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, while promoting reparative macrophage reprogramming and endothelial migration. In diabetic wounds, a single application of Gel/aNEV accelerates wound closure and enhances angiogenesis, collagen remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Integrated transcriptomic-proteomic analyses further reveal coordinated changes in complement, inflammatory, redox, extracellular-matrix, and regenerative programs, supporting a multicomponent therapeutic model. Collectively, this study establishes an atlas-to-therapy framework that uses disease-associated neutrophil states to guide extracellular-vesicle engineering, integrating complement regulation, immune reprogramming, and biomaterial-assisted delivery for diabetic wound repair.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system autoimmune disease primarily driven by Th1 and Th17 cells, whose onset and progression are closely associated with gut microbiota. Kurarinone (KU), an active component from Radix Sophora Flavescens, exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and gut microbiota-modulating properties. However, whether KU alleviates MS severity via a gut microbiota-mediated mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that KU ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-an animal model of MS-by modulating the gut microbiota, particularly via enriching Akkermansia muciniphila, and A. muciniphila is essential for the protective effects of KU in EAE. Furthermore, KU elevates levels of the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld). IAAld levels are positively correlated with the relative abundance of A. muciniphila and negatively correlated with EAE severity. In vitro, A. muciniphila alone is sufficient to facilitate tryptophan metabolism to produce IAAld. IAAld treatment ameliorates EAE and reduces the frequencies of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in mice. Mechanistically, IAAld activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and suppresses JAK/STAT signaling, thereby dampening Th1 and Th17 differentiation; these effects are abolished following AhR blockade. Collectively, this study identifies a novel mechanism by which KU mitigates EAE via the gut metabolite IAAld-AhR-immune axis and unveils potential therapeutic targets for MS.

Current theories regarding tryptophan's homeostatic regulation, which are derived from in vitro, post-mortem, and cell-culture studies, lack any direct evidence supporting their occurrence in living subjects. In response, here we have used 20 s resolution, multi-hour plasma measurements to confirm, for the first time, that the cooperativity and tryptophan-induced stabilization of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) seen in vitro and in cell culture hold in live, intact animals. For example, a model coupling these regulatory mechanisms with a constant tryptophan production rate from tissue reservoirs describes our in vivo measurements quantitatively, and provides high-precision estimates of tryptophan flux and tryptophan-induced TDO up-regulation in individual subjects. In bridging a longstanding gap between ex vivo, post-mortem, and cell culture investigations and the physiology of live, intact animals, an advance that had previously only been reported for glucose, our results highlight the transformative power of applying only-recently-available, seconds-resolved metabolite measurements to the study of metabolic regulation.

Wearable thermal interfaces require rapid, spatially confined thermal feedback together with mechanical compliance, yet existing passive thermal-management textiles and active thermal-haptic devices remain largely separate. Here, a stretchable h-BN/TPU composite fiber is developed by coupling microfluidic spinning with non-solvent-induced phase separation. Rectangular-channel confinement aligns hexagonal boron nitride plates within a microporous thermoplastic polyurethane matrix, constructing directional heat-conduction pathways while preserving large deformation. The optimized 30 wt.% h-BN/TPU fiber achieves a dry-state thermal conductivity of 2.08 and 4.14 W·m^-1·K^-1 under humid conditions, together with 9.67 MPa tensile strength and 422% elongation at break. Pareto-front analysis identifies the 30 wt.% composition as the thermal-mechanical knee, arising from the coupled effects of filler orientation, low void fraction, and deformable TPU domains. Woven h-BN/TPU fabrics provide passive thermal management, reducing surface temperature by 5.7°C under simulated solar irradiation and maintaining performance after 2000 bending cycles. When integrated into a thermal feedback glove, the fabric enables localized fingertip actuation with a heating rate of +29.55°C·s^-1 and a thermal relaxation time of ∼20 s (returning below the warm perception threshold of 35°C). This fiber platform bridges passive heat regulation and active thermal haptics for next-generation thermally interactive wearables.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are attractive for grid-scale energy storage because of their safety, low cost, and environmental benignity. However, their practical use is limited by interfacial instability at the Zn anode, which induces nonuniform Zn²⁺ flux, dendritic growth, and parasitic H₂ evolution. Herein, we present a laser-induced surface patterning stategy that guides Zn epitaxial growth through a resistance-gradient-driven mechanism. Laser ablation forms periodic concave micro-holes, selectively removes the resistive carbonate-based surface layer from the exposed regions, and reconstructs the Zn texture from the (101) plane to the (002) basal plane. This surface-resistance contrast directs Zn²⁺ flux into the patterned holes, which serve as uniform nucleation sites and three-dimensional deposition reservoirs, enabling bottom-up Zn filling and compact homogeneous surface growth. Consequently, the patterned Zn||Zn symmetric cells achieve an exceptional lifespan of 972 cycles under high-rate conditions (10 mA cm^-2, 2 mAh cm^-2). Furthermore, a 6.5 Ah Zn||I₂ pouch cell operating at 2C (10 × 18 cm², areal capacity of 3.0 mAh cm^-2) and employing the laser-patterned Zn anode exhibits stable cycling for over 440 cycles, a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%, and a capacity retention of 90.7%.

Boston ivy is a traditional plant for building heat management through shading and transpiration. Inspired by its "vine-leaf" system, we design a bionic cryogel that functionalizes daytime cooling and nighttime thermal buffering, promoting sustainable and comfortable housing and living environments. The aligned channels mimic vine tendrils, delivering an ultralow radial thermal conductivity (0.035 W m^-1·K^-1), high solar reflectance (95.28%), and high infrared emissivity (97.04%). Embedded phase-change materials (PCMs) present leaf-like, functionalized structures that store excess solar energy during the daytime and release latent heat at night, achieving 6.2°C sub-ambient cooling under sunlight. In darkness, the stored latent heat is released, keeping the cryogel 2.4°C above ambient and preventing nocturnal overcooling. This spatiotemporal synergy between daytime radiative cooling and nighttime heat release enables climate-adaptive thermal management, reducing the urban heat buildup with no need for electricity consumption. Our bionic design shifts thermal regulation from passive adaptation to active thermal planning using low carbon footprint materials as proven by life cycle assessment (LCA), offering a more sustainable pathway for energy-efficient buildings.

The rapid deployment of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) raises an urgent need for recycling strategies that can selectively recover critical metals from their complex multilayer architectures. Here, an architecture-guided sequential recycling strategy is developed by coupling interfacial accessibility with calcination-induced phase transformation. Ultrasonic water leaching removes >99.8% of Pb from the perovskite layer without detectable dissolution of other target metals. During subsequent HCl leaching, the polymer encapsulant functions as a physical barrier, enabling >99.9% In leaching while protecting the Sn-coated Cu ribbon from acid attack. Air calcination then removes the encapsulant and promotes the formation of CuO and chemically stable SnO₂, creating a strong contrast in leaching behavior that enables selective Cu dissolution in an acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide system. Overall, recovery ratios of In and Cu exceed 99.7% and 96.1%, respectively, while most of the initial Sn is retained in a Sn-rich residue. The process further achieves a net economic benefit of about 4.735 USD/m² module, demonstrating an economically promising and architecture-enabled route for selective multi-metal recovery from discarded industrial PSMs.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of drug targets, acting through heterotrimeric G proteins. Agonist bound GPCRs promote GDP release from G proteins allowing their activation upon GTP binding. Here, we analyze this process with innovative tools that detect the main states of native Gi proteins: the GDP-bound, the open nucleotide-free and the active GTP-bound states. We show that receptor activation increases the amount of open-state Gi proteins, consistent with GDP release from inactive Gi proteins. We also observe that the active receptor can release GTP from the active Gi protein, to return to an inactive open state. Consistently, receptor activation also promotes the formation of the Gαβγ complex from the GTP-bound state in cells, in agreement with the formation of the receptor-G protein ternary complex. These data suggest that the amount of active GTP-bound form produced upon GPCR activation can be controlled by the receptor-induced GTP release. This control of G protein state equilibrium that depends on the receptor subtype may affect coupling efficacy. These data reveal receptor-dependent G-protein state equilibria and identify GTP release as an additional, context-dependent control point that can shape apparent coupling efficacy.

Bismuth telluride-based alloys are the benchmark thermoelectric materials for near-room-temperature power generation and solid-state cooling, yet further performance improvements through conventional optimization strategies remain challenging. Here, we introduce an interfacial reconstruction strategy by incorporating SnSe into Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃. Interdiffusion and chemical reconstruction at the Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃/SnSe heterointerfaces synergistically regulate charge-carrier transport and phonon scattering. As a result, the optimized composite achieves a peak dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) of ∼1.38 at 363 K and an average ZT of ∼1.25 across 303-423 K. Moreover, a single-leg thermoelectric device fabricated from this material delivers an energy conversion efficiency of ∼6.47% under a temperature difference of 200 K. These results establish interfacial reconstruction as a simple and effective approach to improving the thermoelectric performance of bismuth telluride-based alloys.