Background: Paradoxical insomnia is one of the most prevalent subtypes of insomnia disorder and its symptom includes a discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep measures. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the amplitude differences of low-frequency fluctuation as a possible local characteristic in paradoxical insomnia by resting-state functional MRI among patients with paradoxical insomnia and healthy subjects. Methods: A t-test was used in this case-control study to investigate possible changes in low-frequency fluctuation amplitude in 15 paradoxical insomnia patients and 48 healthy subjects. Results: The results were far from the chance level by removing nuisance variables and controlling for multiple comparisons. In addition, there was a decrease in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation among people with paradoxical insomnia compared to the healthy group in the right region of the superior parietal lobule and precuneus regions. Conclusions: Based on these results, brain signals appear to play an important role in the pathophysiology of paradoxical insomnia, and further research may identify the mechanism behind this type in the future.
{"title":"Variation in the Low-frequency Fluctuation of the Cortex Among Patients with Paradoxical Insomnia: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","authors":"Mortaza Afshani, Habibolah Khazaie","doi":"10.5812/jkums-130353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-130353","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paradoxical insomnia is one of the most prevalent subtypes of insomnia disorder and its symptom includes a discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep measures. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the amplitude differences of low-frequency fluctuation as a possible local characteristic in paradoxical insomnia by resting-state functional MRI among patients with paradoxical insomnia and healthy subjects. Methods: A t-test was used in this case-control study to investigate possible changes in low-frequency fluctuation amplitude in 15 paradoxical insomnia patients and 48 healthy subjects. Results: The results were far from the chance level by removing nuisance variables and controlling for multiple comparisons. In addition, there was a decrease in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation among people with paradoxical insomnia compared to the healthy group in the right region of the superior parietal lobule and precuneus regions. Conclusions: Based on these results, brain signals appear to play an important role in the pathophysiology of paradoxical insomnia, and further research may identify the mechanism behind this type in the future.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82167633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gulshan Omar Ahmed, Z. Rahimi, E. Shakiba, Rozita Nasari, Fatemeh Khadir, Maryam Kohsari
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease whose genetic background and environmental factors may increase its risk. The nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects cells against oxidative damage and toxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the possible correlation between the Nrf2 gene variants with the risk of T2DM and obesity in the Kurdistan of Iraq. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 individuals categorized into 4 groups: 67 obese T2DM patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), 65 normal BMI diabetic patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2), 62 obese non-diabetics, and 56 normal BMI non-diabetic individuals. The Nrf2 rs6721961 variants were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme of NgoMIV. Results: The waist circumference and waist level of obese T2DM subjects were significantly greater than those of obese non-diabetic controls. The total antioxidant capacity level was not significantly different compared to patients’ controls. The Nrf2 T allele significantly decreased the risk of T2DM in normal BMI patients. In addition, carrying the T allele significantly reduced the risk of obesity. Conclusions: According to the results, significantly higher levels of anthropometric parameters was detected in obese T2DM compared with obese non-diabetic controls. An allele of Nrf2 T decreased T2DM risk among patients with normal BMI and obesity risk among Kurdish residents of Iraq. The findings of our research can be used in the prevention and management of T2DM by improving lifestyle habits.
{"title":"The Correlation of Nrf2 rs6721961 Variants with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in Kurdistan of Iraq","authors":"Gulshan Omar Ahmed, Z. Rahimi, E. Shakiba, Rozita Nasari, Fatemeh Khadir, Maryam Kohsari","doi":"10.5812/jkums-131692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-131692","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease whose genetic background and environmental factors may increase its risk. The nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects cells against oxidative damage and toxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the possible correlation between the Nrf2 gene variants with the risk of T2DM and obesity in the Kurdistan of Iraq. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 individuals categorized into 4 groups: 67 obese T2DM patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), 65 normal BMI diabetic patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2), 62 obese non-diabetics, and 56 normal BMI non-diabetic individuals. The Nrf2 rs6721961 variants were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme of NgoMIV. Results: The waist circumference and waist level of obese T2DM subjects were significantly greater than those of obese non-diabetic controls. The total antioxidant capacity level was not significantly different compared to patients’ controls. The Nrf2 T allele significantly decreased the risk of T2DM in normal BMI patients. In addition, carrying the T allele significantly reduced the risk of obesity. Conclusions: According to the results, significantly higher levels of anthropometric parameters was detected in obese T2DM compared with obese non-diabetic controls. An allele of Nrf2 T decreased T2DM risk among patients with normal BMI and obesity risk among Kurdish residents of Iraq. The findings of our research can be used in the prevention and management of T2DM by improving lifestyle habits.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"66 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83183371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Esmaeili, Ali Fanoodi, A. Ebrahimi, Malihe Zangoue, Soroush Khojasteh-Kaffash
Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a complication after surgeries due to general anesthesia. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin and clonidine, which are hypothesized to have a curative effect on ED. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-way parallel clinical trial was performed in Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand, Iran in 2019 - 2020 who were selected using convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were age > 65 years and preoperative Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) score ≥ 8. The exclusion criteria were suffering from any chronic diseases. Participants were divided into 3 groups: Placebo, clonidine, and melatonin groups who received placebo, 100 μg clonidine, and 5 mg melatonin, respectively. A first dose was administered at bedtime before surgery, a second dose 90 minutes before the procedure. An AMT and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to determine ED. Results: This study included 150 patients with a mean and standard deviation of 74.6 ± 6.8 years. According to AMT and MMSE, there was no significant difference in the level of ED between groups on the first, second, and third days after surgery (P > 0.05). Emergence delirium levels in the clonidine and melatonin groups were lower than in the placebo group. According to AMT and MMSE, ED was not significantly correlated gender, age, and type of surgery. Emergence delirium was significantly associated with postoperative bleeding and electrolyte disturbance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Melatonin and clonidine did not affect the occurrence of ED in the elderly undergoing surgery, but these medications could slightly reduce their occurrence.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Melatonin and Clonidine in Preventing Emergence Delirium in the Elderly Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery, Neurosurgery, and General Surgery: A Placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"A. Esmaeili, Ali Fanoodi, A. Ebrahimi, Malihe Zangoue, Soroush Khojasteh-Kaffash","doi":"10.5812/jkums-128831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-128831","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a complication after surgeries due to general anesthesia. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin and clonidine, which are hypothesized to have a curative effect on ED. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-way parallel clinical trial was performed in Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand, Iran in 2019 - 2020 who were selected using convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were age > 65 years and preoperative Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) score ≥ 8. The exclusion criteria were suffering from any chronic diseases. Participants were divided into 3 groups: Placebo, clonidine, and melatonin groups who received placebo, 100 μg clonidine, and 5 mg melatonin, respectively. A first dose was administered at bedtime before surgery, a second dose 90 minutes before the procedure. An AMT and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to determine ED. Results: This study included 150 patients with a mean and standard deviation of 74.6 ± 6.8 years. According to AMT and MMSE, there was no significant difference in the level of ED between groups on the first, second, and third days after surgery (P > 0.05). Emergence delirium levels in the clonidine and melatonin groups were lower than in the placebo group. According to AMT and MMSE, ED was not significantly correlated gender, age, and type of surgery. Emergence delirium was significantly associated with postoperative bleeding and electrolyte disturbance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Melatonin and clonidine did not affect the occurrence of ED in the elderly undergoing surgery, but these medications could slightly reduce their occurrence.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89500836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niloufar Darvishi, M. Khashmin, Farahnaz Hosseini, S. Jafari, Sepideh Najafzade, Asal Golchin, Hooman Ghasemi
Background: Many people around the world have been affected by depression, which causes a great deal of problems. Emotion regulation refers to processes influencing emotion, experiences, and expresses. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of emotion regulation to predict depressive symptoms among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences students. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 305 students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, who were randomly selected by convenient sampling method. The informed consent forms were signed by the participants. Then the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale (CERQ-18) were completed in a virtual/face-to-face manner due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 26. A total of 296 participants were analyzed, of whom 198 (66.9%) were female, and 98 (33.1%) were male. Results: The self-blame strategies (β = 0.31, P ≤ 0.001), positive reassessment (β = -0.26, P ≤ 0.001), catastrophic (β = 0.26, P ≤ 0.001), numerical importance (β = -0.12, P ≤ 0.001) and positive refocus (β = -0.10, P ≤ 0.001) predict 40% of the variance of depression in five steps. Inconsistent strategies such as self-blame and catastrophe directly predict depression. Further, depression is inversely related to positive reassessment, insignificance, and positive refocus. Conclusions: According to the results, there was a significant direct relationship between self-blame and catastrophic thinking as maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression. In addition, positive refocusing and positive reassessment had a significant negative correlation with depression among adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
{"title":"The Effect of Emotion Regulation on Predicting Depressive Symptoms in Students","authors":"Niloufar Darvishi, M. Khashmin, Farahnaz Hosseini, S. Jafari, Sepideh Najafzade, Asal Golchin, Hooman Ghasemi","doi":"10.5812/jkums-130076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-130076","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many people around the world have been affected by depression, which causes a great deal of problems. Emotion regulation refers to processes influencing emotion, experiences, and expresses. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of emotion regulation to predict depressive symptoms among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences students. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 305 students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, who were randomly selected by convenient sampling method. The informed consent forms were signed by the participants. Then the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale (CERQ-18) were completed in a virtual/face-to-face manner due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 26. A total of 296 participants were analyzed, of whom 198 (66.9%) were female, and 98 (33.1%) were male. Results: The self-blame strategies (β = 0.31, P ≤ 0.001), positive reassessment (β = -0.26, P ≤ 0.001), catastrophic (β = 0.26, P ≤ 0.001), numerical importance (β = -0.12, P ≤ 0.001) and positive refocus (β = -0.10, P ≤ 0.001) predict 40% of the variance of depression in five steps. Inconsistent strategies such as self-blame and catastrophe directly predict depression. Further, depression is inversely related to positive reassessment, insignificance, and positive refocus. Conclusions: According to the results, there was a significant direct relationship between self-blame and catastrophic thinking as maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression. In addition, positive refocusing and positive reassessment had a significant negative correlation with depression among adaptive emotion regulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91313537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Salimi, E. Moghimipour, Shadi Kashani, Saeed Mohammad Soleymani
Background: This study aimed to examine the uptake of the model therapeutic agent, minoxidil, through the skin, under the influence of different vehicles. Therefore, the effect of different penetration enhancers such as Propylene glycol, water, ethanol, transcutol P, caprylic acid, and Isopropyl alcohol were evaluated on skin permeability of minoxidil through rat skin. Methods: The skin permeability of minoxidil on rat skin was analyzed through a Franz cell by evaluating the parameters, including Jss, ERflux, ERD, and ERp. The enhancement mechanisms were studied by comparing FT-IR peak intensities for asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretching, ester C=O stretching, and Amide peaks. The mean transition temperature (Tm) and their enthalpies (ΔH) were investigated by the DSC technique. Results: Caprylic acid had the highest diffusion coefficient enhancement ratio (ERD), followed by propylene glycol and water. All solvents have ERD flux enhancement ratio. Solubility in the stratum corneum limited partitioning. All carriers enhanced drug permeability from rat skin, according to FTIR and DSC. Conclusions: Caprylic acid is an effective topical vehicle for minoxidil due to greater partitioning and diffusion through rat skin.
{"title":"The Effect of Various Vehicles on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Minoxidil","authors":"A. Salimi, E. Moghimipour, Shadi Kashani, Saeed Mohammad Soleymani","doi":"10.5812/jkums-128920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-128920","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to examine the uptake of the model therapeutic agent, minoxidil, through the skin, under the influence of different vehicles. Therefore, the effect of different penetration enhancers such as Propylene glycol, water, ethanol, transcutol P, caprylic acid, and Isopropyl alcohol were evaluated on skin permeability of minoxidil through rat skin. Methods: The skin permeability of minoxidil on rat skin was analyzed through a Franz cell by evaluating the parameters, including Jss, ERflux, ERD, and ERp. The enhancement mechanisms were studied by comparing FT-IR peak intensities for asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretching, ester C=O stretching, and Amide peaks. The mean transition temperature (Tm) and their enthalpies (ΔH) were investigated by the DSC technique. Results: Caprylic acid had the highest diffusion coefficient enhancement ratio (ERD), followed by propylene glycol and water. All solvents have ERD flux enhancement ratio. Solubility in the stratum corneum limited partitioning. All carriers enhanced drug permeability from rat skin, according to FTIR and DSC. Conclusions: Caprylic acid is an effective topical vehicle for minoxidil due to greater partitioning and diffusion through rat skin.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89497225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghodrat Ghazipoor, H. Ahmadian, M. Goudarzi, N. Amirifard
Background: Pain resilience can protect cancer patients from emotional turmoil as a protective factor in adapting to chronic pain. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cancer patients’ psychometric properties in the Persian version of the Pain Resilience Scale. Methods: This methodological study was conducted on 200 patients with cancer, who referred to the chemotherapy section of Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran in 2021 to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Ankawi Pain Resilience Scale. The subjects were selected through purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Results: The results indicated that Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was obtained under the Behavioral Perseverance Scale (α = 0.86), Emotional/Cognitive Positive Thinking Scale (α = 0.93), and the whole Scale (α = 0.94). According to the exploratory factor analysis, this scale explained 65% of the variance of the pain resilience variable. The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed that a two-factor model is a good fit for the data. Conclusion: According to the results, the pain resilience scale had an acceptable validity in people with cancer.
{"title":"Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Pain Resilience Scale in Cancer Patients","authors":"Ghodrat Ghazipoor, H. Ahmadian, M. Goudarzi, N. Amirifard","doi":"10.5812/jkums-124008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-124008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain resilience can protect cancer patients from emotional turmoil as a protective factor in adapting to chronic pain. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cancer patients’ psychometric properties in the Persian version of the Pain Resilience Scale. Methods: This methodological study was conducted on 200 patients with cancer, who referred to the chemotherapy section of Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran in 2021 to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Ankawi Pain Resilience Scale. The subjects were selected through purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Results: The results indicated that Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was obtained under the Behavioral Perseverance Scale (α = 0.86), Emotional/Cognitive Positive Thinking Scale (α = 0.93), and the whole Scale (α = 0.94). According to the exploratory factor analysis, this scale explained 65% of the variance of the pain resilience variable. The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed that a two-factor model is a good fit for the data. Conclusion: According to the results, the pain resilience scale had an acceptable validity in people with cancer.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79009937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The combination of exercise and soy extract supplementation decreases cardiac related disease risk in postmenopausal women. Objectives: We assessed the combined impacts of soy isoflavone (IF) supplementation and exercise on the expression of microRNA-133 gene in ovariectomized rats’ hearts. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 female Wistar rats, which were assigned to five groups, including sham-operated (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with soy IF supplementation (OVX + IF), OVX with exercise (OVX + HIIT), and OVX with both soy IFs and exercise (OVX + IF + HIIT). The experimental rats underwent high-intensity interval training (5 days/week) and/or supplied a soy IF supplementation for six weeks. The cardiac microRNA-133 gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR after six weeks of intervention. Results: Ovariectomy down-regulated cardiac microRNA133 gene expression, but 42 days of IF administration or HIIT reversed this effect (P > 0.05). The HIIT reversed estrogen-deficiency-related microRNA-133 down-regulation greater than IF or combining IF and HIIT (P > 0.05). The OVX + IF and OVX + IF + HIIT (P > 0.05) showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Our results suggested that treatment with exercise, soy IF, and the combined treatment could benefit microRNA-133 in ovariectomized rats. This effect was significant when exercise alone was used to induce treatment. Thus, these treatments could offer protection in the menopausal period.
{"title":"The Combined Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Soy Isoflavone Diet on MicroRNA-133 Gene in Ovariectomized Rats","authors":"L. Mirheidari, R. Soori, A. Ravasi","doi":"10.5812/jkums-122938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-122938","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The combination of exercise and soy extract supplementation decreases cardiac related disease risk in postmenopausal women. Objectives: We assessed the combined impacts of soy isoflavone (IF) supplementation and exercise on the expression of microRNA-133 gene in ovariectomized rats’ hearts. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 female Wistar rats, which were assigned to five groups, including sham-operated (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with soy IF supplementation (OVX + IF), OVX with exercise (OVX + HIIT), and OVX with both soy IFs and exercise (OVX + IF + HIIT). The experimental rats underwent high-intensity interval training (5 days/week) and/or supplied a soy IF supplementation for six weeks. The cardiac microRNA-133 gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR after six weeks of intervention. Results: Ovariectomy down-regulated cardiac microRNA133 gene expression, but 42 days of IF administration or HIIT reversed this effect (P > 0.05). The HIIT reversed estrogen-deficiency-related microRNA-133 down-regulation greater than IF or combining IF and HIIT (P > 0.05). The OVX + IF and OVX + IF + HIIT (P > 0.05) showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Our results suggested that treatment with exercise, soy IF, and the combined treatment could benefit microRNA-133 in ovariectomized rats. This effect was significant when exercise alone was used to induce treatment. Thus, these treatments could offer protection in the menopausal period.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73118406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Torabi, A. Moshtaghie, A. Rastegari, K. Shahanipour
Background: A dysregulated iron metabolism can lead to a wide range of diseases, and investigating this issue is vital for the development of therapeutics. Furthermore, trace elements such as lanthanum have been shown to interfere with iron uptake. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the intestinal uptake of lanthanum and its competition with iron uptake. Methods: This study was conducted using the everted gut sac method on freshly-prepared rat everted gut sacs, which were incubated in Earle's medium, including iron and lanthanum. The effects of ascorbic acid, glucose, and time intervals were investigated on lanthanum and iron intestinal uptake. In addition, the interfering effect of lanthanum on iron uptake was scrutinized. Results: The absorption of iron and lanthanum is saturated at 200 mg/L concentration. Using ascorbic acid (as a reducing agent) and glucose (as an energy source) increase the absorption of these elements (P < 0.05), and lanthanum reduces iron uptake by up to 19.3%. The results revealed that the highest uptake occurs in 30 minutes in which, the average uptakes for iron and lanthanum was 36.6 and 17.6 μg, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, lanthanum reduces iron uptake because of competing with iron. Lanthanum could also interfere with iron metabolism and cause iron-related metabolic disorders. Further studies at the molecular and intracellular levels are required to understand this mechanism.
{"title":"The Interfering Effect of Lanthanum on Intestinal Iron Uptake Using Everted Gut Sac (EGS) Method","authors":"S. Torabi, A. Moshtaghie, A. Rastegari, K. Shahanipour","doi":"10.5812/jkums-120412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-120412","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A dysregulated iron metabolism can lead to a wide range of diseases, and investigating this issue is vital for the development of therapeutics. Furthermore, trace elements such as lanthanum have been shown to interfere with iron uptake. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the intestinal uptake of lanthanum and its competition with iron uptake. Methods: This study was conducted using the everted gut sac method on freshly-prepared rat everted gut sacs, which were incubated in Earle's medium, including iron and lanthanum. The effects of ascorbic acid, glucose, and time intervals were investigated on lanthanum and iron intestinal uptake. In addition, the interfering effect of lanthanum on iron uptake was scrutinized. Results: The absorption of iron and lanthanum is saturated at 200 mg/L concentration. Using ascorbic acid (as a reducing agent) and glucose (as an energy source) increase the absorption of these elements (P < 0.05), and lanthanum reduces iron uptake by up to 19.3%. The results revealed that the highest uptake occurs in 30 minutes in which, the average uptakes for iron and lanthanum was 36.6 and 17.6 μg, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, lanthanum reduces iron uptake because of competing with iron. Lanthanum could also interfere with iron metabolism and cause iron-related metabolic disorders. Further studies at the molecular and intracellular levels are required to understand this mechanism.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91240110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The increase in the elderly population is one of the most critical challenges facing various countries worldwide, including Iran. Medical and social problems are also rooted in this demographic problem. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the healthy aging themes from the perspectives of the elderly. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on all the elderly living in Shahrekord using thematic analysis among whom, 15 individuals were selected using the purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. The sample size was determined considering data saturation. The participants took part in a semi-structured interview who were coded into three categories to analyze the data i.e., basic, organizing, and global themes through a thematic analysis approach. Results: The analyses indicated eight organizing themes, including satisfaction with marital life, healthy lifestyle, satisfaction with moral issues, spiritual orientation, independence and financial self-sufficiency, intra-generational dynamism, intergenerational dynamism, and social satisfaction. Finally, the global theme of dynamic aging was extracted by integrating the organizing themes. Conclusions: According to the results, many factors, including marital, psychological, religious, family, economic, and social factors, are involved in dynamic aging. In addition to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the findings of this study can inform professionals who work with this demographic group about other factors that contribute to a healthy aging process.
{"title":"Evaluation of Healthy Aging Themes from the Perspectives of the Elderly: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Zabihollah Kaveh Farsani","doi":"10.5812/jkums-123750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-123750","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increase in the elderly population is one of the most critical challenges facing various countries worldwide, including Iran. Medical and social problems are also rooted in this demographic problem. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the healthy aging themes from the perspectives of the elderly. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on all the elderly living in Shahrekord using thematic analysis among whom, 15 individuals were selected using the purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. The sample size was determined considering data saturation. The participants took part in a semi-structured interview who were coded into three categories to analyze the data i.e., basic, organizing, and global themes through a thematic analysis approach. Results: The analyses indicated eight organizing themes, including satisfaction with marital life, healthy lifestyle, satisfaction with moral issues, spiritual orientation, independence and financial self-sufficiency, intra-generational dynamism, intergenerational dynamism, and social satisfaction. Finally, the global theme of dynamic aging was extracted by integrating the organizing themes. Conclusions: According to the results, many factors, including marital, psychological, religious, family, economic, and social factors, are involved in dynamic aging. In addition to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the findings of this study can inform professionals who work with this demographic group about other factors that contribute to a healthy aging process.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74196522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Heshmati, Nazila Hasani-Reza Abad, Sanaz Pashapour, S. Babashah
Background: Numerous studies have proven that silymarin can fight cancer, but the results remain controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the expression levels of SBDSP1 and CASC11 genes in HCT116 colon cancer cells to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of silymarin. Methods: This study was conducted on HCT 116 cell lines, which were divided into groups treated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL silymarin and control group. The silymarin cytotoxicity was checked using the MTT assay, and the apoptosis induction rate was determined using the annexin (An)-V/PI kit and flow cytometry. The real-time PCR was also used to examine the expression of the CASC11 and SBDSP1 genes. The data were compared using one-way analysis of variance between groups. Results: The cell survival was reduced based on concentration and time, and IC50 concentrations were observed in 30.94, 41.50, and 46.41 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. In addition, the treatment with IC50 concentration significantly increased in apoptosis after 48 hours compared to the control. A decrease in expression of CASC11 and SBDSP1 genes was observed in HCT116 cells treated with IC50 concentrations after 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions: According to the results, silymarin, as an active substance, declines survival, induces apoptosis, and reduces the expression of SBDSP1 and CASC11 genes on the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line based on concentration and time.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Silymarin on Expressing SBDSP1 and CASC11 Genes in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells","authors":"M. Heshmati, Nazila Hasani-Reza Abad, Sanaz Pashapour, S. Babashah","doi":"10.5812/jkums-122802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-122802","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Numerous studies have proven that silymarin can fight cancer, but the results remain controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the expression levels of SBDSP1 and CASC11 genes in HCT116 colon cancer cells to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of silymarin. Methods: This study was conducted on HCT 116 cell lines, which were divided into groups treated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL silymarin and control group. The silymarin cytotoxicity was checked using the MTT assay, and the apoptosis induction rate was determined using the annexin (An)-V/PI kit and flow cytometry. The real-time PCR was also used to examine the expression of the CASC11 and SBDSP1 genes. The data were compared using one-way analysis of variance between groups. Results: The cell survival was reduced based on concentration and time, and IC50 concentrations were observed in 30.94, 41.50, and 46.41 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. In addition, the treatment with IC50 concentration significantly increased in apoptosis after 48 hours compared to the control. A decrease in expression of CASC11 and SBDSP1 genes was observed in HCT116 cells treated with IC50 concentrations after 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions: According to the results, silymarin, as an active substance, declines survival, induces apoptosis, and reduces the expression of SBDSP1 and CASC11 genes on the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line based on concentration and time.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77278715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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