Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172086
Waleed A. Khan, Affan Bin Muhammad
This paper presents a wideband THz micro-size patch antenna. Radiating patch of the antenna is a circular ring enclosed by a square-shaped ring. The antenna shows a high radiation efficiency of more than 80%. The wideband performance has been achieved using a partial ground plane. The antenna operates on a bandwidth of 0.415 THz within span of 0.523– 0.9395 THz. To enhance the gain, the antenna is made coplanar and two L-shaped stubs are designed. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 5.87 dBi. with an overall dimension (300 × 300 μm2)
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Wideband THz Micro Size Patch Antenna for 6G application","authors":"Waleed A. Khan, Affan Bin Muhammad","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172086","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a wideband THz micro-size patch antenna. Radiating patch of the antenna is a circular ring enclosed by a square-shaped ring. The antenna shows a high radiation efficiency of more than 80%. The wideband performance has been achieved using a partial ground plane. The antenna operates on a bandwidth of 0.415 THz within span of 0.523– 0.9395 THz. To enhance the gain, the antenna is made coplanar and two L-shaped stubs are designed. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 5.87 dBi. with an overall dimension (300 × 300 μm2)","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123538841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172119
Amin Ghahremani, M. Neshat, Zahra Shaterzadeh Yazdi, Taher Zahedi
A plasmonic-type nonlinear metasurface loaded with Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) is studied for terahertz beam generation through the difference frequency generation (DFG) phenomenon. We calculate the second-order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient of MQW. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of applying a bias voltage across the MQW on the magnitude and phase of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient. Finally, electrical steering of THz beam is demonstrated through the effective medium theory and free-space Green's function.
{"title":"Electrical control of a THz beam generated through nonlinear metasurfaces based on multiple quantum wells","authors":"Amin Ghahremani, M. Neshat, Zahra Shaterzadeh Yazdi, Taher Zahedi","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172119","url":null,"abstract":"A plasmonic-type nonlinear metasurface loaded with Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) is studied for terahertz beam generation through the difference frequency generation (DFG) phenomenon. We calculate the second-order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient of MQW. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of applying a bias voltage across the MQW on the magnitude and phase of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient. Finally, electrical steering of THz beam is demonstrated through the effective medium theory and free-space Green's function.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130663858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172110
A. Azari, A. Skrivervik, H. Aliakbarian, R. Sadeghzadeh
Millimeter wave (mmWave) is an interesting research area in recent years. Transition connectors are key components of mmWave passive systems. The commercially available cable connectors are lossy and expensive in mmWave frequencies. In this paper, various PCB-based transition connectors for 2.92mm and SMPM have been designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show high performance transitions in terms of impedance matching and insertion loss below 0.85dB up to 40 GHz. The proposed designs are low cost, low loss and applicable for interconnection and test measurement purposes in various mmWave wireless technologies such as 5G, radar and satellite communications up to 40 GHz.
{"title":"High Performance Low cost Transition Connectors for 5G mmWave Applications","authors":"A. Azari, A. Skrivervik, H. Aliakbarian, R. Sadeghzadeh","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172110","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter wave (mmWave) is an interesting research area in recent years. Transition connectors are key components of mmWave passive systems. The commercially available cable connectors are lossy and expensive in mmWave frequencies. In this paper, various PCB-based transition connectors for 2.92mm and SMPM have been designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show high performance transitions in terms of impedance matching and insertion loss below 0.85dB up to 40 GHz. The proposed designs are low cost, low loss and applicable for interconnection and test measurement purposes in various mmWave wireless technologies such as 5G, radar and satellite communications up to 40 GHz.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132736416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172112
Masoud Alipour Shirazi, Mohammad Khalaj-Amirhosseni, Amir saman Nooramin
The most important aspect of a electromagnetic (EM) power harvester, is the amount of DC power which can be appeared in output. some parameters affect the output power of an EM power harvester, like the frequency spectrum which it works on, span of incident angles which the antenna absorbs EM waves, and gain of the antenna in the mentioned span. In this paper, a high gain, wide-band, and wide-angle EM power harvester is proposed using DC combination of seven wide-band antenna. Each antenna in the array is converted to a high gain antenna by using a Luneburg lens. Therefore a wide-band, wide- angle, and high gain array antenna is obtained as the result of this arrangement. The proposed antenna array has the gain of at least 10 dB (in 30 to 50 GHz)covering 180 degrees in azimuth plane. Using sliced Lens and its influence on gain has been investigated too.
{"title":"A High Gain, Wide-band, and Wide-Angle mmWave Power Harvester Using Luneburg Lens","authors":"Masoud Alipour Shirazi, Mohammad Khalaj-Amirhosseni, Amir saman Nooramin","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172112","url":null,"abstract":"The most important aspect of a electromagnetic (EM) power harvester, is the amount of DC power which can be appeared in output. some parameters affect the output power of an EM power harvester, like the frequency spectrum which it works on, span of incident angles which the antenna absorbs EM waves, and gain of the antenna in the mentioned span. In this paper, a high gain, wide-band, and wide-angle EM power harvester is proposed using DC combination of seven wide-band antenna. Each antenna in the array is converted to a high gain antenna by using a Luneburg lens. Therefore a wide-band, wide- angle, and high gain array antenna is obtained as the result of this arrangement. The proposed antenna array has the gain of at least 10 dB (in 30 to 50 GHz)covering 180 degrees in azimuth plane. Using sliced Lens and its influence on gain has been investigated too.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122228006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172114
Mohammad Hossein Koohi Ghamsari, M. Ahmadi-Boroujeni, S. Babanejad
In this paper, an axisymmetric dual reflector system, called the confocal ellipsoidal structure, is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. It is shown that by using a deliberate modification of the secondary reflector (subreflector) profile in the standard axisymmetric Gregorian structure, the blockage can be reduced considerably. This modification is performed by applying simultaneous displacement and tilting techniques on the subreflector. The proposed confocal ellipsoidal structure can be applied to both communication antennas and quasi-optical imaging systems by adopting a proper main reflector profile. The performance of the proposed structure in each of the mentioned applications is investigated by numerical simulations. Specifically, the reduction of the blockage and imaging performance of the confocal ellipsoidal structure is studied in various scenarios. Based on the simulations, acceptable results are obtained in the focusing and scanning performance. Having a simple structure and a noticeable performance, the proposed structure is promising for millimeter-wave standoff imaging and communication.
{"title":"A Confocal Ellipsoidal Reflector System for Millimeter-Wave Applications","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Koohi Ghamsari, M. Ahmadi-Boroujeni, S. Babanejad","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172114","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an axisymmetric dual reflector system, called the confocal ellipsoidal structure, is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. It is shown that by using a deliberate modification of the secondary reflector (subreflector) profile in the standard axisymmetric Gregorian structure, the blockage can be reduced considerably. This modification is performed by applying simultaneous displacement and tilting techniques on the subreflector. The proposed confocal ellipsoidal structure can be applied to both communication antennas and quasi-optical imaging systems by adopting a proper main reflector profile. The performance of the proposed structure in each of the mentioned applications is investigated by numerical simulations. Specifically, the reduction of the blockage and imaging performance of the confocal ellipsoidal structure is studied in various scenarios. Based on the simulations, acceptable results are obtained in the focusing and scanning performance. Having a simple structure and a noticeable performance, the proposed structure is promising for millimeter-wave standoff imaging and communication.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123813601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172126
Hamed Hamlbar Gerami, R. Kazemi
In this paper, a low profile and low cross-polarization miniaturized metasurface antenna is presented for 5G mm-wave applications. The metasurface consists two different sets of patches in a 3 × 3 configuration; the patches in the middle of the structure have been intelligently loaded with slits and stubs to separate degenerate modes and suppress higher-order modes that appear in a conventional symmetric metasurface. As a result, a miniaturized metasurface antenna with low cross-polarization (XP) level and improved efficiency is achieved. The simulation results of the antenna show the proposed metasurface antenna covers a bandwidth of 19% (24.5 GHz-29.5 GHz) with better than 10 dB return loss, 9 dB peak gain and XP level < -45 dB all over the desired frequency range. The size of the proposed antenna is 0.72λ0 × 0.72λ0 × 0.07λ0 which is 62% smaller than the conventional metasurface antenna. To further investigate the performance of the proposed antenna, it is used in a 2×2 Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration without any additional inter-element spacing. Since in the new antenna, the higher-order modes are moved to out-of-band frequencies, the beam split and beam squint are not observed in its radiation patterns, which are issues in conventional metasurface antennas.
{"title":"A Low Profile and Low Cross-Polarization Metasurface Antenna for 5G mm-wave Applications","authors":"Hamed Hamlbar Gerami, R. Kazemi","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172126","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a low profile and low cross-polarization miniaturized metasurface antenna is presented for 5G mm-wave applications. The metasurface consists two different sets of patches in a 3 × 3 configuration; the patches in the middle of the structure have been intelligently loaded with slits and stubs to separate degenerate modes and suppress higher-order modes that appear in a conventional symmetric metasurface. As a result, a miniaturized metasurface antenna with low cross-polarization (XP) level and improved efficiency is achieved. The simulation results of the antenna show the proposed metasurface antenna covers a bandwidth of 19% (24.5 GHz-29.5 GHz) with better than 10 dB return loss, 9 dB peak gain and XP level < -45 dB all over the desired frequency range. The size of the proposed antenna is 0.72λ0 × 0.72λ0 × 0.07λ0 which is 62% smaller than the conventional metasurface antenna. To further investigate the performance of the proposed antenna, it is used in a 2×2 Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration without any additional inter-element spacing. Since in the new antenna, the higher-order modes are moved to out-of-band frequencies, the beam split and beam squint are not observed in its radiation patterns, which are issues in conventional metasurface antennas.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131599375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172117
M. Khatami, L. Yousefi, M. Dehmollaian
Recently, spatio-temporally modulated metasurfaces have received considerable attention among research groups around the world due to their extraordinary properties and interesting applications. That makes having a tool to model these structures and predict their behavior accurately, important and even vital for many applications. In this paper, a new analytical model is developed which is able to model a large group of spatio-temporally modulated metasurfaces. In this extension, a time-varying impedance boundary condition in conjunction with novel generalized scattering parameters is proposed and utilized. The developed analytical model is then validated through comparison with the results reported in previous works.
{"title":"A More Generalized Scattering Matrix for the Analysis of Active Modulated Metasurfaces","authors":"M. Khatami, L. Yousefi, M. Dehmollaian","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172117","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, spatio-temporally modulated metasurfaces have received considerable attention among research groups around the world due to their extraordinary properties and interesting applications. That makes having a tool to model these structures and predict their behavior accurately, important and even vital for many applications. In this paper, a new analytical model is developed which is able to model a large group of spatio-temporally modulated metasurfaces. In this extension, a time-varying impedance boundary condition in conjunction with novel generalized scattering parameters is proposed and utilized. The developed analytical model is then validated through comparison with the results reported in previous works.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134354398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172115
Mohammad Hossein Aghamohammadi, S. Jarchi, A. Zamani
In this study, spiral resonator and complementary spiral resonator metamaterials have been applied to increase isolation in a dual-element MIMO antenna operated in the low terahertz frequency range 0.55 THz to 0.63 THz. Mutual coupling is reduced in the entire working bandwidth of the antenna, relatively wide bandwidth of 13.5%, and is at its maximum value, equal to 23 dB, at the antenna resonance frequency of 0.58 THz. In addition, the values of envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, back-lobe radiation and realized gain over frequency are enhanced with metamaterial loading. Effectiveness of the metamaterial loading on mutual coupling reduction is confirmed through investigating surface current on the antenna structure. Compared to other methods of mutual coupling reduction which mentioned in the text of this study, the proposed method has a relative advantage in terms of wide bandwidth, simplicity of design and increase high isolation in the terahertz frequency band. Applications of this structure include beyond 5G technologies, medical imaging, high-bandwidth and high capacity in short-range communications at low THz frequency band.
{"title":"Mutual Coupling Reduction in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna Based on Metamaterial at Low THz Frequency Band","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Aghamohammadi, S. Jarchi, A. Zamani","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172115","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, spiral resonator and complementary spiral resonator metamaterials have been applied to increase isolation in a dual-element MIMO antenna operated in the low terahertz frequency range 0.55 THz to 0.63 THz. Mutual coupling is reduced in the entire working bandwidth of the antenna, relatively wide bandwidth of 13.5%, and is at its maximum value, equal to 23 dB, at the antenna resonance frequency of 0.58 THz. In addition, the values of envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, back-lobe radiation and realized gain over frequency are enhanced with metamaterial loading. Effectiveness of the metamaterial loading on mutual coupling reduction is confirmed through investigating surface current on the antenna structure. Compared to other methods of mutual coupling reduction which mentioned in the text of this study, the proposed method has a relative advantage in terms of wide bandwidth, simplicity of design and increase high isolation in the terahertz frequency band. Applications of this structure include beyond 5G technologies, medical imaging, high-bandwidth and high capacity in short-range communications at low THz frequency band.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130548119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172122
Saeed Ghayouri, T. Pakizeh
The chirality of switchable meta-atom made of twisted phase change material (PCM) micro-rod dimers is studied in depth, with an emphasis on the vanadium dioxide(VO2) switching capabilities and achieving the maximum chirality of the suggested structure. We have presented a suitable algorithm for designing the chiral meta-atom by twisted VO2 rods using an analytical approach based on the coupled dipole approximation (CDA). The unique properties of rod-shaped particles have attracted attention because they can be easily modeled by ellipsoidal particles and solved using analytical methods. The results show that when VO2 is in its metallic state, the twisted rod dimers behave as a chiral meta-atom, and that circular dichroism is maximized at = L/2 and ψ = 45°. We also report that when VO2 is in its insulating state, the meta-atom is almost transparent to THz waves. Interparticle spacing, twist angles, and rod length are all important chirality parameters that are discussed separately in this paper.
{"title":"Theoretical Design of a Switchable Chiral Meta-atom in The Terahertz Band Using Phase Change Material","authors":"Saeed Ghayouri, T. Pakizeh","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172122","url":null,"abstract":"The chirality of switchable meta-atom made of twisted phase change material (PCM) micro-rod dimers is studied in depth, with an emphasis on the vanadium dioxide(VO2) switching capabilities and achieving the maximum chirality of the suggested structure. We have presented a suitable algorithm for designing the chiral meta-atom by twisted VO2 rods using an analytical approach based on the coupled dipole approximation (CDA). The unique properties of rod-shaped particles have attracted attention because they can be easily modeled by ellipsoidal particles and solved using analytical methods. The results show that when VO2 is in its metallic state, the twisted rod dimers behave as a chiral meta-atom, and that circular dichroism is maximized at = L/2 and ψ = 45°. We also report that when VO2 is in its insulating state, the meta-atom is almost transparent to THz waves. Interparticle spacing, twist angles, and rod length are all important chirality parameters that are discussed separately in this paper.","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121795381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172120
Amirreza Ghaffari, H. Zandi
A zero refractive index material (ZRIM) structure containing a two dimensional dielectric photonic crystal in the cryogenic temperature region has been analyzed to investigate the Dirac-like point temperature sensitive behavior. The main effect of temperature variation is deviation of the material refractive index; in this work, silicon is utilized which demonstrates appropriate behavior in THz range. Experimentally reported complex optical index of a n-type Silicon slab with moderate doping for the ZRIM unit cell are considered. Photonic band structure of a cylindrical squared lattice of silicon rods is numerically computed for multiple values of silicon refractive index in accordance with temperature variation. For such deviations, the Dirac point of the ZRIM structure undergoes a slight change in operational frequency. This change is accompanied by a slight deviation of Bloch's wave-vector from center of Brillouin zone (κ = Γ). We have calculated photonic band gap for the assumed structure sweeping the Silicon refractive index and shown that a minimum band gap exists in accordance with a certain temperature. We have also obtained and analyzed the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal unit cell as an auxiliary tool to demonstrate that these structures could satisfy the zero-refraction phenomenon. Variations in operational frequency of the Dirac-point and photonic band gap values are also verified in effective refractive index diagrams. In line with some metamaterial-based applications, the final step includes a comparison made between a single dielectric slab and a row array of the same material in a periodic structure of rods. This simulation is conducted for a more realistic situation while considering the energy transmission coefficient. Consequently, at the frequency in which the minimum band gap was achieved, the extracted transmission coefficient is studied versus the Silicon refractive index (temperature).
{"title":"Temperature-Dependent Behavior of the Dirac like Point in the Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal-Based ZRIM in the Cryogenic Region","authors":"Amirreza Ghaffari, H. Zandi","doi":"10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMWaTT58022.2022.10172120","url":null,"abstract":"A zero refractive index material (ZRIM) structure containing a two dimensional dielectric photonic crystal in the cryogenic temperature region has been analyzed to investigate the Dirac-like point temperature sensitive behavior. The main effect of temperature variation is deviation of the material refractive index; in this work, silicon is utilized which demonstrates appropriate behavior in THz range. Experimentally reported complex optical index of a n-type Silicon slab with moderate doping for the ZRIM unit cell are considered. Photonic band structure of a cylindrical squared lattice of silicon rods is numerically computed for multiple values of silicon refractive index in accordance with temperature variation. For such deviations, the Dirac point of the ZRIM structure undergoes a slight change in operational frequency. This change is accompanied by a slight deviation of Bloch's wave-vector from center of Brillouin zone (κ = Γ). We have calculated photonic band gap for the assumed structure sweeping the Silicon refractive index and shown that a minimum band gap exists in accordance with a certain temperature. We have also obtained and analyzed the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal unit cell as an auxiliary tool to demonstrate that these structures could satisfy the zero-refraction phenomenon. Variations in operational frequency of the Dirac-point and photonic band gap values are also verified in effective refractive index diagrams. In line with some metamaterial-based applications, the final step includes a comparison made between a single dielectric slab and a row array of the same material in a periodic structure of rods. This simulation is conducted for a more realistic situation while considering the energy transmission coefficient. Consequently, at the frequency in which the minimum band gap was achieved, the extracted transmission coefficient is studied versus the Silicon refractive index (temperature).","PeriodicalId":166329,"journal":{"name":"2022 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131286000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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