Michael A. Perlin,Zichang He,Anthony Alexiades Armenakas,Pablo Andres-Martinez,Tianyi Hao,Dylan A. Herman,Yuwei Jin,Karl Mayer,Chris N. Self,David Amaro,Ciaran Ryan-Anderson,Ruslan Shaydulin
{"title":"Fault-tolerant execution of error-corrected quantum algorithms","authors":"Michael A. Perlin,Zichang He,Anthony Alexiades Armenakas,Pablo Andres-Martinez,Tianyi Hao,Dylan A. Herman,Yuwei Jin,Karl Mayer,Chris N. Self,David Amaro,Ciaran Ryan-Anderson,Ruslan Shaydulin","doi":"10.1103/gnq3-c2df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gnq3-c2df","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149150330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hysterons provide a minimal description of memory in driven matter: bistable elements with distinct switching thresholds whose collective dynamics generate hysteresis, avalanches, and history-dependent switching. Experimental realizations have so far been dominated by solid-state mechanical systems, where bistability is usually encoded structurally through buckling, snap-through, or geometric incompatibility. Here we realize hysteron physics through a hydrodynamic route. A single elastic fiber anchored in a microfluidic channel becomes bistable through nonlinear elastohydrodynamic feedback: Viscous loading deforms the fiber, deformation reshapes hydraulic resistance, and flow redistribution modifies the loading. This feedback produces a fluidic hysteron whose onset is organized by a cusp catastrophe in geometric control parameters. A parallel bypass channel acts as a geometric load line that reshapes, and can even eliminate, bistability while simultaneously mediating long-ranged hydraulic interactions between fibers. In arrays, varying a single geometric parameter drives a transition from a noninteracting Preisach regime with return-point memory to an interacting regime with configuration-dependent thresholds, mixed-direction switching paths, and projected trajectories that cross the independent-Preisach envelope. These results establish a passive hydrodynamic route to hysteron networks, in which memory emerges from flow-structure feedback and global hydraulic constraints.
{"title":"Fluidic Hysterons and Memory in Flow Networks","authors":"Abhineet Singh Rajput,Amir A. Pahlavan","doi":"10.1103/hh4n-pw7w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/hh4n-pw7w","url":null,"abstract":"Hysterons provide a minimal description of memory in driven matter: bistable elements with distinct switching thresholds whose collective dynamics generate hysteresis, avalanches, and history-dependent switching. Experimental realizations have so far been dominated by solid-state mechanical systems, where bistability is usually encoded structurally through buckling, snap-through, or geometric incompatibility. Here we realize hysteron physics through a hydrodynamic route. A single elastic fiber anchored in a microfluidic channel becomes bistable through nonlinear elastohydrodynamic feedback: Viscous loading deforms the fiber, deformation reshapes hydraulic resistance, and flow redistribution modifies the loading. This feedback produces a fluidic hysteron whose onset is organized by a cusp catastrophe in geometric control parameters. A parallel bypass channel acts as a geometric load line that reshapes, and can even eliminate, bistability while simultaneously mediating long-ranged hydraulic interactions between fibers. In arrays, varying a single geometric parameter drives a transition from a noninteracting Preisach regime with return-point memory to an interacting regime with configuration-dependent thresholds, mixed-direction switching paths, and projected trajectories that cross the independent-Preisach envelope. These results establish a passive hydrodynamic route to hysteron networks, in which memory emerges from flow-structure feedback and global hydraulic constraints.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149150323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruchira Mishra,Jiaozi Wang,Silvia Pappalardi,Luca V. Delacrétaz
We construct an effective field theory (EFT) that captures the universal behavior of out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) at late times in generic quantum many-body systems with conservation laws. The EFT hinges on a generalization of the strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry-breaking pattern adapted to out-of-time-order observables and reduces to conventional fluctuating hydrodynamics when time-ordered observables are probed. We use the EFT to explain different power-law behavior observed in OTOCs at late times and show that many OTOCs are entirely fixed by conventional transport data at leading order. Nevertheless, we show that a specific combination of OTOCs is sensitive to novel transport parameters not visible in regular time-ordered correlators. We test our predictions in Hamiltonian and Floquet spin chains in one spatial dimension.
{"title":"Theory of Out-of-Time-Ordered Transport","authors":"Ruchira Mishra,Jiaozi Wang,Silvia Pappalardi,Luca V. Delacrétaz","doi":"10.1103/b5vq-s853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/b5vq-s853","url":null,"abstract":"We construct an effective field theory (EFT) that captures the universal behavior of out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) at late times in generic quantum many-body systems with conservation laws. The EFT hinges on a generalization of the strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry-breaking pattern adapted to out-of-time-order observables and reduces to conventional fluctuating hydrodynamics when time-ordered observables are probed. We use the EFT to explain different power-law behavior observed in OTOCs at late times and show that many OTOCs are entirely fixed by conventional transport data at leading order. Nevertheless, we show that a specific combination of OTOCs is sensitive to novel transport parameters not visible in regular time-ordered correlators. We test our predictions in Hamiltonian and Floquet spin chains in one spatial dimension.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149150327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstructing the full kinematic dependence of GPDs from pseudo-distributions","authors":"Anonymous","doi":"10.1103/77pv-msts","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/77pv-msts","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149150334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Soper,Danial Shadmany,Adam L. Shaw,Lukas Palm,David I. Schuster,Jonathan Simon
Optical cavities are a foundational technology for controlling light-matter interactions. While interfacing a single cavity to either an atom or ensemble has become a standard tool, the advent of single-atom control in large atomic arrays has spurred interest in a new frontier of “many-cavity QED,” featuring many independent resonators capable of separately addressing individual quantum emitters. In this fast-evolving landscape, the was recently introduced—employing free space intracavity optics to engineer a two-dimensional array of tightly spaced cavity TEM 00 modes with wavelength-scale waists, ideally suited for interfacing with atom arrays. Here, we realize the next generation of this architecture, achieving hundreds of degenerate cavity modes with improved, uniform finesse, and explore the technical features of the system which will enable further scalability. In particular, we study imperfections, including optical aberrations, field of view constraints, array nondegeneracies, and losses from optical elements. We identify the sensitivity to these various factors and exposit the control knobs and techniques necessary to align and operate the system in a stable manner. Ultimately, we lay out a pathway toward operation with tens of thousands of independent cavities while maintaining compatibility with existing atom arrays, paving the way to myriad applications including highly parallelized remote entanglement generation, fast and nondestructive midcircuit readout, and the implementation of hybrid atom-photon Hamiltonians.
{"title":"Stability, Degeneracy, and Scalability of a 600-Site Cavity Array Microscope","authors":"Anna Soper,Danial Shadmany,Adam L. Shaw,Lukas Palm,David I. Schuster,Jonathan Simon","doi":"10.1103/9cwp-ppp2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/9cwp-ppp2","url":null,"abstract":"Optical cavities are a foundational technology for controlling light-matter interactions. While interfacing a single cavity to either an atom or ensemble has become a standard tool, the advent of single-atom control in large atomic arrays has spurred interest in a new frontier of “many-cavity QED,” featuring many independent resonators capable of separately addressing individual quantum emitters. In this fast-evolving landscape, the was recently introduced—employing free space intracavity optics to engineer a two-dimensional array of tightly spaced cavity TEM 00 modes with wavelength-scale waists, ideally suited for interfacing with atom arrays. Here, we realize the next generation of this architecture, achieving hundreds of degenerate cavity modes with improved, uniform finesse, and explore the technical features of the system which will enable further scalability. In particular, we study imperfections, including optical aberrations, field of view constraints, array nondegeneracies, and losses from optical elements. We identify the sensitivity to these various factors and exposit the control knobs and techniques necessary to align and operate the system in a stable manner. Ultimately, we lay out a pathway toward operation with tens of thousands of independent cavities while maintaining compatibility with existing atom arrays, paving the way to myriad applications including highly parallelized remote entanglement generation, fast and nondestructive midcircuit readout, and the implementation of hybrid atom-photon Hamiltonians.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149150333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleanor Crane,Kevin C. Smith,Teague Tomesh,Alec Eickbusch,John M. Martyn,Stefan Kühn,Lena Funcke,Michael Austin DeMarco,Isaac L. Chuang,Nathan Wiebe,Alexander Schuckert,Steven M. Girvin
Key to solving many societally relevant problems in materials science, quantum chemistry, and nuclear physics is understanding their fundamental microscopic quantum behavior. All of these problems can be phrased as fermionic (e.g., electrons, quarks) and bosonic particles (e.g., lattice vibrations, photons) interacting with each other. However, solving these systems of strongly interacting fermions and bosons is out of reach for classical computers and also non-error-corrected qubit-only quantum computers. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid qubit and bosonic-oscillator quantum-simulation framework, which is so efficient that it could simulate some of these strongly correlated problems even without error correction. Specifically, we leverage the available universal bosonic gate set with O ( 1 ) operations per gate as a function of the bosonic cutoff. This enables our framework to provide exact decompositions of higher-order fermion-boson interactions, including notoriously challenging terms such as ( 2 + 1 ) D gauge theories. We show how to compile dynamics, ancilla-free partial error detection, nonlocal observable measurements, and ground-state energy estimation using both qubit-boson variational quantum eigensolvers and quantum signal processing. We introduce a “post-qubit quantum advantage” experiment which is out of reach for both near-term qubit-only quantum computers and classical computers. We justify this proposal by estimating bosonic gate fidelities through high–boson-occupation Lindblad simulation and by comparing to qubit-only algorithms. For the latter, we develop a new qubit-based algorithm for simulating a beam splitter with a boson number cutoff N max , which scales as O ˜ ( N max 1 + o ( 1 ) ) , asymptotically outperforming previously known qubit methods. However, to reach the same circuit fidelity as qubit-boson hardware with 99.9% per-gate fidelity, a qubit quantum computer using the best-known method would still need fidelities of at least 99.9999%, likely requiring substantial error correction. Our framework can be used in superconducting hardware, which we focus on, as well as trapped-ion and neutral-atom hardware. This work establishes digital hybrid qubit-boson quantum simulation as a promising and advantageous method for solving the many challenging, strongly correlated, fermion-boson models of relevance to science and technology.
解决材料科学、量子化学和核物理中许多社会相关问题的关键是理解它们的基本微观量子行为。所有这些问题都可以用费米子粒子（如电子、夸克）和玻色子粒子（如晶格振动、光子）相互作用来表述。然而，解决这些强相互作用费米子和玻色子的系统对于经典计算机和非纠错量子比特的量子计算机来说是遥不可及的。在本文中，我们引入了一个混合量子比特和玻色子振荡器的量子模拟框架，它是如此高效，它可以模拟一些强相关的问题，甚至没有纠错。具体来说，我们利用可用的通用玻色子门集，每个门有O(1)个操作，作为玻色子截止的函数。这使我们的框架能够提供高阶费米子-玻色子相互作用的精确分解，包括众所周知的具有挑战性的术语，如（2 + 1）D规范理论。我们展示了如何使用量子位-玻色子变分量子特征解算器和量子信号处理编译动力学，无辅助部分误差检测，非局部可观测测量和基态能量估计。我们引入了一个“后量子位量子优势”实验，这对于近期的纯量子位量子计算机和经典计算机来说都是遥不可及的。我们通过高玻色子占用Lindblad模拟来估计玻色子门保真度，并通过比较纯量子位算法来证明这一建议。对于后者，我们开发了一种新的基于量子比特的算法，用于模拟具有玻色子数截止N max的分束器，该算法的尺度为O ~ (N max 1 + O(1))，渐近优于先前已知的量子比特方法。然而，要达到与量子比特-玻色子硬件相同的电路保真度（每门保真度为99.9%），使用最著名方法的量子比特量子计算机仍然需要至少99.9999%的保真度，这可能需要大量的纠错。我们的框架可以用于我们关注的超导硬件，以及捕获离子和中性原子硬件。这项工作建立了数字混合量子比特-玻色子量子模拟，作为解决与科学技术相关的许多具有挑战性的，强相关的费米-玻色子模型的有前途和有利的方法。
{"title":"Hybrid Oscillator-Qubit Quantum Processors: Simulating Fermions, Bosons, and Gauge Fields","authors":"Eleanor Crane,Kevin C. Smith,Teague Tomesh,Alec Eickbusch,John M. Martyn,Stefan Kühn,Lena Funcke,Michael Austin DeMarco,Isaac L. Chuang,Nathan Wiebe,Alexander Schuckert,Steven M. Girvin","doi":"10.1103/s5bn-z4jq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/s5bn-z4jq","url":null,"abstract":"Key to solving many societally relevant problems in materials science, quantum chemistry, and nuclear physics is understanding their fundamental microscopic quantum behavior. All of these problems can be phrased as fermionic (e.g., electrons, quarks) and bosonic particles (e.g., lattice vibrations, photons) interacting with each other. However, solving these systems of strongly interacting fermions and bosons is out of reach for classical computers and also non-error-corrected qubit-only quantum computers. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid qubit and bosonic-oscillator quantum-simulation framework, which is so efficient that it could simulate some of these strongly correlated problems even without error correction. Specifically, we leverage the available universal bosonic gate set with O ( 1 ) operations per gate as a function of the bosonic cutoff. This enables our framework to provide exact decompositions of higher-order fermion-boson interactions, including notoriously challenging terms such as ( 2 + 1 ) D gauge theories. We show how to compile dynamics, ancilla-free partial error detection, nonlocal observable measurements, and ground-state energy estimation using both qubit-boson variational quantum eigensolvers and quantum signal processing. We introduce a “post-qubit quantum advantage” experiment which is out of reach for both near-term qubit-only quantum computers and classical computers. We justify this proposal by estimating bosonic gate fidelities through high–boson-occupation Lindblad simulation and by comparing to qubit-only algorithms. For the latter, we develop a new qubit-based algorithm for simulating a beam splitter with a boson number cutoff N max , which scales as O ˜ ( N max 1 + o ( 1 ) ) , asymptotically outperforming previously known qubit methods. However, to reach the same circuit fidelity as qubit-boson hardware with 99.9% per-gate fidelity, a qubit quantum computer using the best-known method would still need fidelities of at least 99.9999%, likely requiring substantial error correction. Our framework can be used in superconducting hardware, which we focus on, as well as trapped-ion and neutral-atom hardware. This work establishes digital hybrid qubit-boson quantum simulation as a promising and advantageous method for solving the many challenging, strongly correlated, fermion-boson models of relevance to science and technology.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strictly positive lower bound on the thermodynamic cost of running a Boolean circuit","authors":"Anonymous","doi":"10.1103/1jv4-nwz1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/1jv4-nwz1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moiré superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures, arising from lattice mismatch or twist angle, provide a powerful platform for engineering correlated electronic and excitonic states. Moiré excitons form when electrons and holes are individually modulated by the moiré potential yet remain bound by Coulomb interaction, resulting in exciton wave functions with a highly nontrivial and rich real-space structure. However, achieving and dynamic control over the interplay between excitonic Coulomb interaction and the moiré potential remains a central challenge. Here, we demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure provides a continuous and effective means of enhancing the moiré potential and tuning moiré excitons in WSe 2 / WS 2 moiré heterobilayers. As pressure increases, intralayer moiré excitons exhibit systematic redshifts as the moiré potential deepens. Crucially, above ∼ 3 GPa the system enters a strong-moiré regime, where a new higher-energy intralayer moiré exciton emerges that is not accessible otherwise. Combining dual-gate optical spectroscopy with Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, we reveal that this emerging moiré exciton state arises from strong pressure-induced hybridization between two distinct exciton series: Wannier-Rydberg and charge-transfer excitons. Enhanced exciton-electron and exciton-exciton interactions observed in doping-dependent photoluminescence further evidence the strengthened moiré potential under pressure. Our work establishes a pioneering paradigm of moiré excitonic wave function engineering, enabling the on-demand creation of tailored excitonic species in moiré superlattices.
{"title":"Observation of Wannier-Rydberg and Charge-Transfer Hybrid Moiré Excitons under Pressure","authors":"Jing Song,Yifan Wang,Xuan Zhao,Yuxuan Song,Song Liu,Chen Hu,Yang Xu","doi":"10.1103/lgl7-ww2r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/lgl7-ww2r","url":null,"abstract":"Moiré superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures, arising from lattice mismatch or twist angle, provide a powerful platform for engineering correlated electronic and excitonic states. Moiré excitons form when electrons and holes are individually modulated by the moiré potential yet remain bound by Coulomb interaction, resulting in exciton wave functions with a highly nontrivial and rich real-space structure. However, achieving and dynamic control over the interplay between excitonic Coulomb interaction and the moiré potential remains a central challenge. Here, we demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure provides a continuous and effective means of enhancing the moiré potential and tuning moiré excitons in WSe 2 / WS 2 moiré heterobilayers. As pressure increases, intralayer moiré excitons exhibit systematic redshifts as the moiré potential deepens. Crucially, above ∼ 3 GPa the system enters a strong-moiré regime, where a new higher-energy intralayer moiré exciton emerges that is not accessible otherwise. Combining dual-gate optical spectroscopy with Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, we reveal that this emerging moiré exciton state arises from strong pressure-induced hybridization between two distinct exciton series: Wannier-Rydberg and charge-transfer excitons. Enhanced exciton-electron and exciton-exciton interactions observed in doping-dependent photoluminescence further evidence the strengthened moiré potential under pressure. Our work establishes a pioneering paradigm of moiré excitonic wave function engineering, enabling the on-demand creation of tailored excitonic species in moiré superlattices.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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