{"title":"Finite-size scaling theory of Rényi thermal entropy for second-order, first-order, and weakly first-order quantum phase transitions","authors":"Anonymous","doi":"10.1103/42kr-81xw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/42kr-81xw","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahas Kamat,Jared Dans,Shanta Saha,Daniel F. Agterberg,Johnpierre Paglione,B. J. Ramshaw
Superconductivity in three dimensions is almost universally governed by Ginzburg-Landau mean-field theory, with critical fluctuations typically confined to within a few percent of the transition temperature ( T c ). We report that the heavy-fermion superconductor UTe 2 exhibits superconducting fluctuations that extend over a temperature range as wide as T c itself—the largest observed for any three-dimensional superconductor. Through ultrasound measurements of the elastic moduli and sound attenuation, we find that UTe 2 transitions from a mean-field-like state at ambient pressure to a fluctuation-dominated state at higher pressures. This regime is marked by elastic softening and an increase in sound attenuation that onsets well above T c , with the attenuation remaining anomalously high deep in the superconducting state. Our analysis suggests that these features stem from an extremely low superfluid phase stiffness. This results in a kinetic inductance as high as that of granular aluminum, but achieved in the clean limit. We propose a model where this exotic state is driven by dominant interband pairing mediated by ferromagnetic fluctuations, leading to “local” Cooper pairs with a coherence length of only a few lattice constants.
{"title":"Vanishing Phase Stiffness and Fluctuation-Dominated Superconductivity in\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 UTe\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","authors":"Sahas Kamat,Jared Dans,Shanta Saha,Daniel F. Agterberg,Johnpierre Paglione,B. J. Ramshaw","doi":"10.1103/qjt6-hj2k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/qjt6-hj2k","url":null,"abstract":"Superconductivity in three dimensions is almost universally governed by Ginzburg-Landau mean-field theory, with critical fluctuations typically confined to within a few percent of the transition temperature ( T c ). We report that the heavy-fermion superconductor UTe 2 exhibits superconducting fluctuations that extend over a temperature range as wide as T c itself—the largest observed for any three-dimensional superconductor. Through ultrasound measurements of the elastic moduli and sound attenuation, we find that UTe 2 transitions from a mean-field-like state at ambient pressure to a fluctuation-dominated state at higher pressures. This regime is marked by elastic softening and an increase in sound attenuation that onsets well above T c , with the attenuation remaining anomalously high deep in the superconducting state. Our analysis suggests that these features stem from an extremely low superfluid phase stiffness. This results in a kinetic inductance as high as that of granular aluminum, but achieved in the clean limit. We propose a model where this exotic state is driven by dominant interband pairing mediated by ferromagnetic fluctuations, leading to “local” Cooper pairs with a coherence length of only a few lattice constants.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuwei Yang,Wenjiang Zhou,Yelingyi Wang,Yuxi Wang,Deli Peng,Quanshui Zheng,Bai Song
Heat generation and conduction at moving interfaces are ubiquitous and fundamentally important. However, despite decades of progress on thermal transport across static interfaces, insights into moving interfaces remain rare due to the complex and ever-changing nature of most sliding contacts. Here, we take advantage of structural superlubricity and achieve simultaneous mechanical manipulation and thermal measurement of the heterointerface between gold micromesas and single-crystal graphite. We uncover a robustly high thermal conductance which is orders of magnitude higher than that in conventional moving contacts and remarkably insensitive to arbitrary interfacial rotation and thousands of cycles of sliding. In conjunction with atomistic simulations, we reveal the critical role of full atomic contact associated with the interfacial superlubricity and the stacking-insensitive out-of-plane phonon modes that dominate heat transfer. Altogether, our findings highlight diverse superlubric heterointerfaces as a pristine platform for exploring phonon dynamics in moving systems and managing heat in emerging devices including twistronics and slidetronics.
{"title":"Moving Heterointerface with Robustly High Thermal Conductance","authors":"Fuwei Yang,Wenjiang Zhou,Yelingyi Wang,Yuxi Wang,Deli Peng,Quanshui Zheng,Bai Song","doi":"10.1103/yzn5-723b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/yzn5-723b","url":null,"abstract":"Heat generation and conduction at moving interfaces are ubiquitous and fundamentally important. However, despite decades of progress on thermal transport across static interfaces, insights into moving interfaces remain rare due to the complex and ever-changing nature of most sliding contacts. Here, we take advantage of structural superlubricity and achieve simultaneous mechanical manipulation and thermal measurement of the heterointerface between gold micromesas and single-crystal graphite. We uncover a robustly high thermal conductance which is orders of magnitude higher than that in conventional moving contacts and remarkably insensitive to arbitrary interfacial rotation and thousands of cycles of sliding. In conjunction with atomistic simulations, we reveal the critical role of full atomic contact associated with the interfacial superlubricity and the stacking-insensitive out-of-plane phonon modes that dominate heat transfer. Altogether, our findings highlight diverse superlubric heterointerfaces as a pristine platform for exploring phonon dynamics in moving systems and managing heat in emerging devices including twistronics and slidetronics.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluctuation-response theory of non-equilibrium complex fluids","authors":"Anonymous","doi":"10.1103/xdzr-m12q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/xdzr-m12q","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas J. Fiderer,Paul C. Barth,Isaac D. Smith,Hans J. Briegel
Predicting future observations plays a central role in machine learning, biology, economics, and many other fields. It lies at the heart of organizational principles such as the variational free-energy principle and, based on the second law of thermodynamics, has even been shown to be necessary for reaching the fundamental energetic limits of information processing on a tape. While the usefulness of the predictive paradigm is undisputed, complex adaptive systems that interact with their environment are more than just predictive machines: They have the power to act upon their environment and cause change. In this work, we develop a framework to analyze the thermodynamics of information processing in percept-action loops, a model of agent-environment interaction, allowing us to investigate the thermodynamic implications of actions and percepts on equal footing. To this end, we introduce the concept of work capacity defined as the maximum rate at which an agent can expect to extract work from its environment. Our results reveal that work-efficient agents must balance prediction and forgetting. This highlights a fundamental departure from the thermodynamics of passive observation, suggesting that prediction and energy efficiency may be at odds in active learning systems.
{"title":"Information Thermodynamics of Agents: The Work Capacity of Channels with Memory","authors":"Lukas J. Fiderer,Paul C. Barth,Isaac D. Smith,Hans J. Briegel","doi":"10.1103/7nds-tjr8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/7nds-tjr8","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting future observations plays a central role in machine learning, biology, economics, and many other fields. It lies at the heart of organizational principles such as the variational free-energy principle and, based on the second law of thermodynamics, has even been shown to be necessary for reaching the fundamental energetic limits of information processing on a tape. While the usefulness of the predictive paradigm is undisputed, complex adaptive systems that interact with their environment are more than just predictive machines: They have the power to act upon their environment and cause change. In this work, we develop a framework to analyze the thermodynamics of information processing in percept-action loops, a model of agent-environment interaction, allowing us to investigate the thermodynamic implications of actions and percepts on equal footing. To this end, we introduce the concept of work capacity defined as the maximum rate at which an agent can expect to extract work from its environment. Our results reveal that work-efficient agents must balance prediction and forgetting. This highlights a fundamental departure from the thermodynamics of passive observation, suggesting that prediction and energy efficiency may be at odds in active learning systems.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"483 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Realization of a cavity-coupled Rydberg array","authors":"Anonymous","doi":"10.1103/jgdt-d61y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/jgdt-d61y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectroscopic evidence of Luttinger liquid behavior in a single-layer nickelate","authors":"Anonymous","doi":"10.1103/744w-ln1x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/744w-ln1x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For closed quantum systems, topological orders are understood through the equivalence classes of ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians. The generalization of this conceptual paradigm to open quantum systems, however, remains elusive, often relying on operational definitions without fundamental principles. Here, we fill this gap by proposing an approach based on three axioms: (i) local recoverability, (ii) absence of long-range correlations, and (iii) spatial uniformity. States that satisfy these axioms are fixed points; requiring the axioms only after coarse-graining promotes each fixed point to an equivalence class, i.e., a phase, presenting the first step toward the axiomatic classification of mixed-state phases of matter: the . From these axioms, a rich set of topological data naturally emerges; importantly, these data are under relaxation of axioms. For example, each topological mixed state supports locally indistinguishable classical and/or quantum logical memories with distinct responses to topological operations. These data label distinct mixed-state phases, allowing one to distinguish them. We further uncover a hierarchy of secret-sharing constraints: In non-Abelian phases, reliable recovery—even of information that looks purely classical—demands a specific coordination among spatial subregions, a requirement different across non-Abelian classes. This originates from non-Abelian fusion rules that can stay robust under decoherence. Finally, we performed large-scale numerical simulations to corroborate stability: Weakly decohered fixed points respect the axioms once coarse-grained. Surprisingly, the axiom violations at different length scales exhibit an exact crossing at the critical point, enabling its identification without any rescaling or data-collapse ambiguities. These results lay the foundation for a systematic classification of topological states in open quantum systems.
{"title":"Topological Mixed States: Phases of Matter from Axiomatic Approaches","authors":"Tai-Hsuan Yang,Bowen Shi,Jong Yeon Lee","doi":"10.1103/3bpt-f9pd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/3bpt-f9pd","url":null,"abstract":"For closed quantum systems, topological orders are understood through the equivalence classes of ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians. The generalization of this conceptual paradigm to open quantum systems, however, remains elusive, often relying on operational definitions without fundamental principles. Here, we fill this gap by proposing an approach based on three axioms: (i) local recoverability, (ii) absence of long-range correlations, and (iii) spatial uniformity. States that satisfy these axioms are fixed points; requiring the axioms only after coarse-graining promotes each fixed point to an equivalence class, i.e., a phase, presenting the first step toward the axiomatic classification of mixed-state phases of matter: the . From these axioms, a rich set of topological data naturally emerges; importantly, these data are under relaxation of axioms. For example, each topological mixed state supports locally indistinguishable classical and/or quantum logical memories with distinct responses to topological operations. These data label distinct mixed-state phases, allowing one to distinguish them. We further uncover a hierarchy of secret-sharing constraints: In non-Abelian phases, reliable recovery—even of information that looks purely classical—demands a specific coordination among spatial subregions, a requirement different across non-Abelian classes. This originates from non-Abelian fusion rules that can stay robust under decoherence. Finally, we performed large-scale numerical simulations to corroborate stability: Weakly decohered fixed points respect the axioms once coarse-grained. Surprisingly, the axiom violations at different length scales exhibit an exact crossing at the critical point, enabling its identification without any rescaling or data-collapse ambiguities. These results lay the foundation for a systematic classification of topological states in open quantum systems.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in quantum simulators allow direct experimental access to ensembles of pure states generated by measuring part of an isolated quantum many-body system. These projected ensembles encode fine-grained information beyond thermal expectation values and provide a new window into quantum thermalization. In chaotic dynamics, projected ensembles exhibit universal statistics governed by maximum-entropy principles, known as deep thermalization. At infinite temperature, this universality is characterized by Haar-random ensembles. More generally, physical constraints such as finite temperature or conservation laws lead to Scrooge ensembles, which are maximally entropic distributions of pure states consistent with these constraints. Here, we introduce Scrooge k -designs, which approximate Scrooge ensembles, and we use this framework to sharpen the conditions under which Scrooge-like behavior emerges. We first show that global Scrooge designs arise from long-time chaotic unitary dynamics alone, without measurements. Second, we show that measuring a complementary subsystem of a scrambled global state drawn from a global Scrooge 2 k -design induces a local Scrooge k -design. Third, we show that a local Scrooge k -design arises from an arbitrary entangled state when the complementary system is measured in a scrambled basis induced by a unitary drawn from a Haar 2 k -design. These results show that the resources required to generate approximate Scrooge ensembles scale only with the desired degree of approximation, enabling efficient implementations. Complementing our analytical results, numerical simulations identify coherence, entanglement, nonstabilizerness, and information scrambling as essential ingredients for the emergence of local Scrooge-like behavior. Together, our findings advance theoretical explanations for maximally entropic, information-stingy randomness in quantum many-body systems.
量子模拟器的最新进展允许直接实验访问由测量孤立量子多体系统的一部分产生的纯态的集合。这些投影集成编码了超出热期望值的细粒度信息，并为量子热化提供了一个新的窗口。在混沌动力学中，投影系综表现出由最大熵原理（称为深度热化）控制的普遍统计。在无限温度下，这种普遍性表现为哈尔随机系综。更一般地说，诸如有限温度或守恒定律之类的物理约束会导致斯克罗吉集合，这是与这些约束相一致的纯状态的最大熵分布。在这里，我们引入了斯克罗吉k -设计，它近似于斯克罗吉的集合，我们使用这个框架来提高斯克罗吉行为出现的条件。我们首先表明，全局的斯克罗吉设计仅产生于长期混沌的单一动力学，没有测量。其次，我们证明了测量从全局Scrooge 2k -设计中得到的混乱全局状态的互补子系统可以导出局部Scrooge k -设计。第三，我们证明了当互补系统在由Haar k -设计引起的幺正基上进行测量时，从任意纠缠态产生局部Scrooge k -设计。这些结果表明，生成近似的Scrooge集成所需的资源仅与期望的近似程度相关，从而实现了有效的实现。为了补充我们的分析结果，数值模拟确定了相干性、纠缠性、非稳定性和信息混乱是局部吝啬鬼行为出现的基本因素。总之，我们的发现为量子多体系统中最大熵、信息匮乏的随机性提供了理论解释。
{"title":"Nature Is Stingy: Universality of Scrooge Ensembles in Quantum Many-Body Systems","authors":"Wai-Keong Mok,Tobias Haug,Wen Wei Ho,John Preskill","doi":"10.1103/tb52-jxmx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/tb52-jxmx","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in quantum simulators allow direct experimental access to ensembles of pure states generated by measuring part of an isolated quantum many-body system. These projected ensembles encode fine-grained information beyond thermal expectation values and provide a new window into quantum thermalization. In chaotic dynamics, projected ensembles exhibit universal statistics governed by maximum-entropy principles, known as deep thermalization. At infinite temperature, this universality is characterized by Haar-random ensembles. More generally, physical constraints such as finite temperature or conservation laws lead to Scrooge ensembles, which are maximally entropic distributions of pure states consistent with these constraints. Here, we introduce Scrooge k -designs, which approximate Scrooge ensembles, and we use this framework to sharpen the conditions under which Scrooge-like behavior emerges. We first show that global Scrooge designs arise from long-time chaotic unitary dynamics alone, without measurements. Second, we show that measuring a complementary subsystem of a scrambled global state drawn from a global Scrooge 2 k -design induces a local Scrooge k -design. Third, we show that a local Scrooge k -design arises from an arbitrary entangled state when the complementary system is measured in a scrambled basis induced by a unitary drawn from a Haar 2 k -design. These results show that the resources required to generate approximate Scrooge ensembles scale only with the desired degree of approximation, enabling efficient implementations. Complementing our analytical results, numerical simulations identify coherence, entanglement, nonstabilizerness, and information scrambling as essential ingredients for the emergence of local Scrooge-like behavior. Together, our findings advance theoretical explanations for maximally entropic, information-stingy randomness in quantum many-body systems.","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observation of topological Berry phases with a single phonon in an ion microtrap array","authors":"Anonymous","doi":"10.1103/td5k-t1mf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/td5k-t1mf","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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