Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第7页

A robust machine learning framework for predicting the higher heating value of poultry litter using proximate analysis 一个鲁棒的机器学习框架，用于使用近似分析预测家禽产仔的较高热值

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109153

Beytullah Eren , Süleyman Uzun , Serkan Ozdemir

Accurate estimation of the higher heating value (HHV) of poultry litter is critical for its valorization as a renewable energy feedstock. However, the heterogeneity of poultry litter and data scarcity pose challenges for predictive modeling. In this study, a robust machine learning framework was developed to predict HHV using dry-basis proximate analysis parameters (volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash). Unlike previous studies that rely on standard datasets, this work introduces a systematic comparison of four modeling scenarios to isolate the effects of data augmentation and hyperparameter optimization. Gaussian noise–based augmentation was formulated to expand the training space, while GridSearch cross-validation optimized model parameters. Five algorithms (KNN, RF, Extra Trees, LGBM, XGBoost) were evaluated and compared against a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) baseline. Results indicated that models on the original dataset suffered from overfitting (Test R² < 0.50) and failed to significantly outperform the MLR baseline (R² = 0.42). However, data augmentation significantly boosted generalization. Crucially, evaluation was performed on a non-augmented, held-out test set to ensure real-world reliability. The optimized Extra Trees (ET) model achieved the best performance (Test R² > 0.89, RMSE = 0.80 MJ/kg), outperforming the MLR baseline (R² = 0.64) and other ML models. Feature importance and SHAP interaction analysis confirmed that ash content is the dominant inhibitor of energy density, aligning with thermochemical principles. The proposed framework offers a rapid, low-cost alternative to expensive elemental analysis for industrial energy assessment.

准确估计家禽粪便的高热值（HHV）对其作为可再生能源原料的价值至关重要。然而，家禽产仔的异质性和数据的稀缺性给预测建模带来了挑战。在这项研究中，开发了一个强大的机器学习框架，使用干基近似分析参数（挥发物、固定碳和灰分）来预测HHV。与以往依赖标准数据集的研究不同，这项工作引入了四种建模方案的系统比较，以隔离数据增强和超参数优化的影响。采用基于高斯噪声的增强方法扩展训练空间，GridSearch交叉验证优化模型参数。五种算法（KNN， RF, Extra Trees， LGBM, XGBoost）被评估并与多元线性回归（MLR）基线进行比较。结果表明，原始数据集上的模型存在过拟合（检验R2 <； 0.50），未能显著优于MLR基线（R2 = 0.42）。然而，数据增强显著提高了泛化。至关重要的是，评估是在一个非扩充的、持久的测试集上进行的，以确保真实世界的可靠性。优化后的Extra Trees （ET）模型获得了最佳的性能（检验R2 >； 0.89, RMSE = 0.80 MJ/kg），优于MLR基线（R2 = 0.64）和其他ML模型。特征重要性和SHAP相互作用分析证实，灰分含量是能量密度的主要抑制因子，符合热化学原理。提出的框架为工业能源评估提供了一种快速、低成本的替代方案，以取代昂贵的元素分析。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review of synergistic effects of additives on organic waste composting 添加剂对有机废物堆肥增效作用的系统综述

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109156

Shubham More, Ashootosh Mandpe

Mounting volumes of biomass waste globally necessitate valorization strategies that recover energy and nutrients while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Composting is an essential method; however, most optimization efforts have focused on single additives, and as a result, the potential benefits of combined additive strategies remain largely underexplored. In this review we fill this critical gap, by systematically analyzing 84 studies (2015–2025) across diverse waste substrates to evaluate how combinations of physical, chemical, biological, and conductive additives affect composting performance beyond individual additive effects. We found that strategic multi-additive combinations significantly accelerated decomposition, enhanced humification, improved nutrient (NPK) retention by ∼30-46 %, and reduced gaseous gas emission relative to single-additive approaches. Combined additive strategies such as co-applying biochar with wood vinegar reduced methane and ammonia emissions by ∼63 % and ∼36 %, respectively, compared to biochar alone, while adding zeolite (10 %) further shortened the thermophilic phase and curtailed emissions by over 50 %. Integrating nitrification inhibitors with acidifying amendments or introducing microbial inoculants alongside structural additives achieved 81–88 % reductions in nitrous oxide emissions. These synergistic effects are attributed to complementary mechanisms, including improved electron transfer capacity (15–28 % increase), enhanced substrate bioavailability (20–35 % faster degradation), pH buffering, increased aeration, and microbial niche diversification. Future research priorities include field-scale validation across climate zones, long-term soil health assessment, mechanistic modeling integrating multi-omics data, and techno-economic feasibility under uncertainty. Overall, rational additive combinations can make composting faster, lower-emission, and resource-efficient, supporting circular economy goals and climate mitigation commitments under SDG 12 and the Paris Agreement.

在全球范围内，生物质废弃物的数量不断增加，因此有必要采取增值战略，在减少温室气体排放的同时回收能源和营养物质。堆肥是一种必不可少的方法；然而，大多数优化工作都集中在单一添加剂上，因此，组合添加剂策略的潜在优势在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。在这篇综述中，我们填补了这一关键空白，通过系统分析84项研究（2015-2025），研究了不同的废物基质，以评估物理、化学、生物和导电添加剂的组合如何影响堆肥性能，而不仅仅是单个添加剂的影响。我们发现，与单一添加剂相比，策略性的多添加剂组合显著加速了分解，增强了腐殖质化，提高了养分（NPK）保留约30- 46%，并减少了气体排放。与单独使用生物炭相比，联合使用生物炭和木醋等添加剂策略分别减少了约63%和约36%的甲烷和氨排放，而添加沸石（10%）进一步缩短了亲热期，减少了50%以上的排放。将硝化抑制剂与酸化改进剂相结合，或将微生物接种剂与结构添加剂一起引入，可以减少81 - 88%的氧化亚氮排放。这些协同效应归因于互补机制，包括提高电子转移能力（提高15 - 28%），提高底物生物利用度（降解速度提高20 - 35%），pH缓冲，增加通气和微生物生态位多样化。未来的研究重点包括跨气候带的田间规模验证、长期土壤健康评估、整合多组学数据的机制建模以及不确定条件下的技术经济可行性。总体而言，合理的添加剂组合可以使堆肥更快、排放更低、资源更高效，从而支持可持续发展目标12和《巴黎协定》下的循环经济目标和气候减缓承诺。

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引用次数: 0

Valorisation of poultry litter for biochar and evaluation of photocatalytic activity and antibacterial activity against multi-drug-resistant bacteria 禽畜垃圾生物炭的价值评价及对多重耐药细菌的光催化活性和抗菌活性评价

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109148

A.S. Aysha Rinsha , Valil Kunjukunju Vinod , Padikkamannil Abishad , T.R. Sreekumar , Sanis Juliet , Karthikeyan Asha , Deepak Bhiwa Rawool , Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe , Jess Vergis

Rising levels of pollution caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, industrial dyes, and toxic heavy metals underscore the urgent need for efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable remediation strategies. In this context, the present study synthesized biochar from poultry litter and assessed its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities against MDR pathogens of public health relevance. The photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes-methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and rhodamine B (RhB) was also evaluated under sunlight, LED, and UV irradiation, along with the adsorption of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, and Fe). Biochar synthesis was confirmed through UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, while thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and electron microscopy demonstrated its high thermal stability, distinct crystallinity, and predominantly mesoporous architecture. Elemental profiling revealed high carbon and oxygen content along with essential mineral constituents, reflecting strong carbonization and enhanced suitability for environmental applications. The biochar effectively inhibited biofilm formation in the tested MDR strains and showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity. Among the photocatalytic assays, sunlight provided superior dye degradation, with RhB degrading more slowly than MB and CV across all light sources. In heavy metal removal, the biochar exhibited higher adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) compared to Fe. Overall, the findings demonstrate that poultry-litter-derived biochar is a promising multifunctional material with strong potential for environmental remediation and photocatalytic applications.

多药耐药（MDR）病原体、工业染料和有毒重金属造成的污染水平不断上升，迫切需要高效、生态友好和可持续的修复策略。在此背景下，本研究从家禽粪便中合成生物炭，并评估其抗氧化、抗菌和抗多药耐药病原体的抗生物膜活性。研究了光催化降解工业染料亚甲基蓝（MB）、结晶紫（CV）和罗丹明B （RhB）的效果，以及对重金属（Cr、Pb和Fe）的吸附效果。通过紫外可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析证实了生物炭的合成，而热重-差热分析、x射线衍射、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒和电子显微镜证实了生物炭的高热稳定性、独特的结晶度和主要的介孔结构。元素谱分析显示，其碳、氧含量高，基本矿物成分含量高，表明其炭化作用强，环境适应性强。生物炭能有效抑制耐多药菌株的生物膜形成，并显示出剂量依赖性的自由基清除活性。在光催化实验中，日光提供了优越的染料降解，在所有光源下，RhB的降解速度比MB和CV慢。在重金属去除方面，生物炭对Pb（II）和Cr（VI）的吸附能力优于Fe。总之，研究结果表明，家禽粪便生物炭是一种很有前途的多功能材料，具有很强的环境修复和光催化应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Anaerobic biorefinery of elephant dung, combining solid-state anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal carbonization: the effect of inoculum source, energy recovery, and carbon sequestration 固体厌氧消化与水热炭化相结合的大象粪便厌氧生物炼制：接种源、能量回收和固碳的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109116

Sasithorn Saipa , Boonya Charnnok , Nuttiya Tantranont , Chayanon Sawatdeenarunat

This study determines the effects of inoculum type on methane production from elephant dung via solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) and the subsequent conversion of SSAD digestate into hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The inoculum source significantly influenced biogas yield, with the co-inoculum of anaerobically digested pig manure and SSAD digestate presenting the highest methane production (127.6 ± 0.4 N mL CH₄/g VS _added), methane content (50.00 ± 0.14%), and volatile solids removal (60.79 ± 0.45%). For hydrochar production, the digestate from Napier grass inoculation at 170 °C produced the highest hydrochar yield (75.0 ± 1.7%) and energy recovery (80.5 ± 2.2%). The produced hydrochar exhibited a higher heating value of 18.0 ± 0.2 MJ/kg dry weight and energy content of 7.3 ± 1.4 %, comparable to lignite. Integration of SSAD and HTC provided a total energy recovery of 10768 ± 209 MJ/ton dry weight. Moreover, applying SSAD and using the produced biofuels to replace fossil fuels could reduce carbon emissions by 1.8 tons CO₂-eq/ton dry weight and 1.2 tons CO₂-eq/ton dry weight, respectively. Carbon fixation in hydrochar could also reduce carbon emissions by 0.31 tons CO₂-eq/ton dry weight. The developed platform highlights the potential of an integrated SSAD and HTC biorefinery system for valorizing elephant dung into renewable energy and stable carbon materials, providing a sustainable pathway toward greenhouse gas mitigation and circular bioeconomy implementation.

本研究确定了接种类型对大象粪便固体厌氧消化（SSAD）产甲烷的影响，以及随后通过热液碳化（HTC）将SSAD消化物转化为碳氢化合物的影响。接种源对沼气产量影响显著，以厌氧消化猪粪和SSAD消化液共接种，甲烷产量最高（127.6±0.4 N mL CH4/g VS），甲烷含量最高（50.00±0.14%），挥发性固体去除率最高（60.79±0.45%）。在产氢方面，接种170°C的纳耳草消化液产氢率最高（75.0±1.7%），能量回收率最高（80.5±2.2%）。该产物的热值为18.0±0.2 MJ/kg干重，能量含量为7.3±1.4%，与褐煤相当。SSAD和HTC的综合能量回收率为10768±209 MJ/t干重。此外，应用SSAD和使用生产的生物燃料替代化石燃料可分别减少1.8吨co2当量/吨干重和1.2吨co2当量/吨干重的碳排放。碳氢化合物中的碳固定也可以减少0.31吨二氧化碳当量/吨干重的碳排放。开发的平台突出了集成的SSAD和HTC生物精炼系统的潜力，该系统可将大象粪便转化为可再生能源和稳定的碳材料，为温室气体减排和循环生物经济的实施提供了可持续的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Deep eutectic solvent-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: Process optimization using response surface methodology and physicochemical characterization of the hydrochar 污水污泥深度共晶溶剂辅助水热碳化：响应面法工艺优化及烃类物化表征

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109157

Sadia Basri , Debaprasad Shee , Tarun K. Panda , Debraj Bhattacharyya

Integrating resource recovery with a waste management approach has been considered a promising strategy for advancing sustainability. Sewage sludge (SS), an unavoidable byproduct of wastewater treatment, has attracted research interest due to its significant potential for resource recovery. This study presents a sustainable strategy for valorising SS through a deep eutectic solvent (DES) catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process to obtain carbon-rich material. Here, the residue sludge (RS) obtained after removing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from SS is used as a precursor for the HTC process to produce RS-derived hydrochar (RSHC) as a potential biobased carbonaceous material. The DES was prepared with arginine and butyric acid as hydrogen-bond acceptor and hydrogen-bond donor, respectively. Additionally, the DES-assisted HTC process was optimized for improved carbon content in RSHC using response surface methodology, with variables including temperature (160-280 °C), time (45-150 min), and DES concentration (10-30 % v/v). The total carbon content of the RSHC significantly increased by 21.9 % at the optimum HTC condition of ∼ (206 °C, 91 min, and 21% v/v). The higher heating value of the RSHC also increased from 11.6 ± 0.35 to 13.13 ± 0.51 MJ/kg, indicating improved RSHC quality. The RSHC were characterized for structural, morphological, and thermal properties. The reaction mechanism, thermo-kinetics, and carbon and material balance were investigated to elucidate the physicochemical transformations of RS components during DES-assisted HTC. Overall, this study will provide a promising direction for the sustainable valorisation of RS into carbon-rich material for future applications, aligning with the circular economy concept.

将资源回收与废物管理办法结合起来被认为是促进可持续性的一项很有前途的战略。污水污泥是污水处理过程中不可避免的副产品，由于其具有巨大的资源化潜力而引起了人们的研究兴趣。本研究提出了一种通过深度共晶溶剂（DES）催化水热碳化（HTC）工艺对SS进行可持续增值的策略，以获得富碳材料。在这里，从SS中去除细胞外聚合物（EPS）后获得的残渣污泥（RS）被用作HTC工艺的前体，以生产RS衍生的烃类（RSHC），作为潜在的生物基碳质材料。以精氨酸和丁酸分别为氢键受体和氢键给体制备了DES。此外，利用响应面法对DES辅助HTC工艺进行优化，以提高RSHC中的碳含量，变量包括温度（160-280°C）、时间（45-150 min）和DES浓度（10- 30% v/v）。在温度为~（206℃，91 min, 21% v/v）的最佳HTC条件下，RSHC的总碳含量显著提高21.9%。RSHC的高热值也从11.6±0.35 MJ/kg增加到13.13±0.51 MJ/kg，表明RSHC质量有所改善。表征了RSHC的结构、形态和热性能。研究了反应机理、热动力学、碳平衡和物质平衡，以阐明des辅助HTC过程中RS组分的物化转化。总的来说，这项研究将为RS的可持续增值为未来应用的富碳材料提供一个有希望的方向，与循环经济概念保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of straw power plants and storage centers: Based on hybrid multi-attribute decision-making 基于混合多属性决策的秸秆发电厂和储存中心优化

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109199

Zhanwu Wang , Bingyang Du , Huizhen Guo , Wanfeng Huang , Yanhong Wang , Guangyin Xu , Zhenfeng Wang , Heng Wang , Wanxi Peng

Straw power generation plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change. Nevertheless, issues like high operating costs limits its sustainable development. To tackle these problems, this research integrates multi attribute decision making methods with immune optimization algorithms to establish a comprehensive location model. Through a case study, the total supply cost of straw power generation supply chain is 26.80 million

CNY

, and the unit supply cost is 169.4

CNY / t

, which is reduced by 15.3% compared to the unit on-site supply cost 200

CNY / t

. The findings indicate that the exhibits a U-shaped trend as the number of storage centers increases. Sensitivity analysis reveals that secondary transportation costs have the most substantial impact on the total supply cost, while venue rental cost has the least influence. When these two factors increase by 30%, the corresponding changes in the total supply cost are 5.64% and 0.72%, respectively. Primary transportation costs, secondary transportation costs, and the depreciation cost of fixed assets are key factors influencing the distribution of storage centers. Moreover, during the process of determining indicator weights, it is found that the location of straw power generation plant is significantly influenced by the preferences of decision-makers. The results promote the sustainable development of the straw power generation industry.

秸秆发电在减缓气候变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，运营成本高等问题限制了其可持续发展。针对这些问题，本研究将多属性决策方法与免疫优化算法相结合，建立综合定位模型。通过案例分析，秸秆发电供应链的总供应成本为2680万元，单位供应成本为169.4元/t，比单位现场供应成本200元/t降低了15.3%。研究结果表明，随着存储中心数量的增加，其呈现u型趋势。敏感性分析表明，二次运输成本对总供应成本的影响最大，场地租赁成本的影响最小。当这两个因素增加30%时，相应的总供给成本变化分别为5.64%和0.72%。一次运输成本、二次运输成本和固定资产折旧成本是影响仓储中心布局的关键因素。此外，在确定指标权重的过程中，我们发现秸秆发电厂的选址受到决策者偏好的显著影响。研究结果促进了秸秆发电产业的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Novel simplified biorefinery for puerarin separation and ethanol production from Puerariae lobatae Radix based on the process integration method 基于工艺集成的新型葛根素分离及乙醇生产生物精制工艺

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109200

Yile Zhu , Zhanye Xv , Shengrong Zhang , Shengdong Zhu , Fang Jin

Puerariae lobatae Radix (PLR) contains large amounts of puerarin and carbohydrates. It is a promising resource for puerarin and ethanol production. In this work, a novel simplified biorefinery was established to co-produce puerarin, ethanol and other high value chemicals from PLR based on the process integration method. Firstly, the acid hydrolysis of PLR was investigated and optimized. The acid hydrolysis of PLR realized the pretreatment of the PLR residue and the simultaneous hydrolysis of isoflavone (puerarin) derivatives and starch in PLR. Moreover, the acid hydrolysis of PLR enhanced the dissolution of isoflavone (puerarin) from PLR. Then, the simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of the PLR hydrolysate and PLR residue obtained from the acid hydrolysis were conducted to transform the carbohydrates in PLR into ethanol. Finally, the ethanol and puerarin were separated from fermentatin broth via fractional distillation, and the ethanol and puerarin were further purified. Under optimal conditions, 1 Kg PLR could produce 0.255 Kg anhydrous ethanol, 23.8 g puerarin with 92.9% purity, 11.6 g daidzein with 72.8% purity, 0.31 Kg calcium sulfate residue and 0.29 Kg fermentation residue. And 1 Kg PLR product value reached 5.75 USD at present price. This biorefinery streamlined its processes, fully utilized PLR components, and decreased waste generation. It could be a simple and efficient PLR deep processing technology.

葛根含有大量的葛根素和碳水化合物。它是一种很有前途的葛根素和乙醇生产资源。本研究建立了一种新型的简化生物精炼厂，以PLR为原料，采用工艺集成的方法，共同生产葛根素、乙醇和其他高价值化学品。首先，对PLR的酸水解进行了研究和优化。PLR的酸水解实现了PLR残基的预处理以及PLR中异黄酮（葛根素）衍生物和淀粉的同时水解。此外，酸水解还促进了异黄酮（葛根素）的溶出。然后，对PLR水解液和酸水解得到的PLR残渣进行同步糖化共发酵，将PLR中的碳水化合物转化为乙醇。最后，从发酵液中分馏分离乙醇和葛根素，并对乙醇和葛根素进行进一步纯化。在最佳条件下，1 Kg PLR可产无水乙醇0.255 Kg、葛根素23.8 g（纯度92.9%）、大豆苷元11.6 g（纯度72.8%）、硫酸钙渣0.31 Kg、发酵渣0.29 Kg。按现价计算，每公斤PLR产品价值达到5.75美元。该生物精炼厂简化了其流程，充分利用了PLR组件，并减少了废物产生。这可能是一种简单高效的PLR深加工技术。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and evaluation of agro-industrial wastes for the production of bio-oils rich in phenolic compounds 生产富含酚类化合物生物油的农工废弃物的特性与评价

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109194

Meire Ane Pitta da Costa , Valter Dória Rocha Neto , Thiago Ferreira Leão Loeser , Anne Michelle Garrido Pedrosa , Silvânio Silvério Lopes da Costa , Lisiane Santos Freitas

Research into alternative and sustainable sources of chemicals and fuels has been growing in recent decades, driven by the need to reduce dependence on fossil resources and mitigate the environmental impacts associated with their use. In this context, agro-industrial waste has emerged as a promising biomass source for the production of high-value-added products, such as bio-oils rich in phenolic compounds. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the seeds of acerola (ACE), grape (UVA), guava (GOI), and passion fruit (MAR), investigating their properties and potential for conversion into bio-oils rich in phenolic compounds. The biomass samples were characterized through elemental analysis (CHNO), thermogravimetry (TG), ash content, moisture, total extractives, and oil content. The samples showed low ash content (1.00 to 2.71%) and moisture (1.55 to 6.61%). Thermogravimetric analysis elucidated the lignocellulosic composition of the samples, a relevant parameter for understanding the thermal degradation of their constituents. Using GC-MS, the bio-oils were characterized, demonstrating the potential for using these biomasses in the production of phenolic resins. The predominant classes differed according to the compositions: higher percentages of phenols were found in the bio-oil from ACE, and carboxylic acids were more prevalent in the others, due to the oil content.

近几十年来，由于需要减少对化石资源的依赖并减轻与使用化石资源有关的环境影响，对化学品和燃料的替代和可持续来源的研究一直在增加。在这种情况下，农业工业废弃物已成为生产高附加值产品（如富含酚类化合物的生物油）的有前途的生物质来源。本研究旨在对针叶树（ACE）、葡萄（UVA）、番石榴（GOI）和百香果（MAR）的种子进行表征和评价，探讨其特性和转化为富含酚类化合物的生物油的潜力。通过元素分析（CHNO）、热重（TG）、灰分、水分、总萃取物和含油量对生物质样品进行了表征。样品灰分含量低（1.00 ~ 2.71%），水分含量低（1.55 ~ 6.61%）。热重分析阐明了样品的木质纤维素组成，这是了解其成分热降解的相关参数。利用GC-MS对生物油进行了表征，证明了利用这些生物质生产酚醛树脂的潜力。根据成分的不同，优势类别有所不同：ACE生物油中酚类含量较高，而由于油含量的原因，羧酸在其他生物油中更为普遍。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing woody biomass conversion to synthetic fuels: A spatial and economic analysis for Japan 优化木质生物质转化为合成燃料：日本的空间和经济分析

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109214

Bingxin Li , Zheng Li , Kaifeng Duan , Jia Tong

Hard-to-abate sectors such as heavy industry and transportation require innovative solutions in order to be carbon neutral. In this study, the sustainability of woody biomass as a renewable energy source in Japan is investigated through the development of biomass-to-X (B2X) optimization model based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The model employs high resolution data of 1741 towns in order to evaluate the technical and economic viability by combining biomass supply, energy consumption and inter-regional energy flows. Results show that the woody biomass that can be achieved in Japan is in the range of 10 to 56.9 PJ/per annum which is only 1.3 to 7.4 percent of the theoretical potential because of supply chain limitations. Methanol was found to be the most cost-effective option of the conversion path and it represented 86 percent of overall production. The cost of methanol, methane, FischerTropsch fuel, and ammonia were estimated to be 144.8, 170.7, 381.1, and 228.1 EUR/GJ respectively and the costs rise at the municipal level because of the decreased economies of scale. The network study has been able to identify 32 biomass clusters highlighting the opportunities of decentralized and resilient energy systems. Woody biomass can play a central role in decarbonizing the transportation and industrial sector of Japan. The paper provides a practical solution which incorporates optimization and network analysis, providing information to policy makers and planners in the development of localized and cost-effective bioenergy policies that promote national goals of carbon neutrality.

重工业和交通运输等难以减排的行业需要创新的解决方案来实现碳中和。在本研究中，通过基于混合整数线性规划（MILP）的生物质- x （B2X）优化模型的开发，研究了日本木质生物质作为可再生能源的可持续性。该模型采用1741个城镇的高分辨率数据，结合生物质供应、能源消耗和区域间能源流动来评估技术和经济可行性。结果表明，由于供应链的限制，日本可实现的木质生物量在10至56.9 PJ/年之间，仅为理论潜力的1.3%至7.4%。甲醇被发现是转化路径中最具成本效益的选择，它占总产量的86%。甲醇、甲烷、费托燃料和氨的成本估计分别为144.8、170.7、381.1和228.1欧元/吉热，由于规模经济的下降，市政一级的成本上升。网络研究已经能够确定32个生物质集群，突出了分散和弹性能源系统的机会。木质生物质可以在日本的运输和工业部门脱碳中发挥核心作用。本文提供了一个结合优化和网络分析的实用解决方案，为政策制定者和规划者制定本地化和具有成本效益的生物能源政策提供信息，以促进国家碳中和目标。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insights into nitrogen-doping-assisted biomass-derived graphitization carbon catalyzed by iron nitrate 硝酸铁催化氮掺杂辅助生物质衍生石墨化碳的机理研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109130

Guangda Fu , Zhengshuai Sun , Baojun Yi , Jiaqi Deng , Xing Wu , Dongyi Kong

Biomass-based graphitized carbon is a highly promising material, but the effect mechanism of nitrogen on biomass catalytic process remains unclear. This study used cellulose as a model substance to systematically investigate the effects of nitrogen doping on the formation of biomass-derived graphitized carbon catalyzed by iron nitrate at low temperatures (700-900 °C). A combination of experimental and theoretical calculations was used to analyze the formation mechanisms. The study revealed that the type of nitrogen precursor is crucial for regulating graphitization. Specifically, g-C₃N₄ and melamine enable the stepwise release of nitrogen at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700 °C. This process creates a carbon-rich, reducing environment that promotes the formation of active iron carbide phases with a lattice mismatch of less than 5%. This process results in a graphitization degree that is over 50% higher than that achieved in the NH₄Cl/urea system. However, there is a threshold effect for nitrogen doping levels. At 0.4 mol of melamine loading, the nitrogen content reaches 6.70 at.%, but the defect density increases (D₁/G = 2.9). This results in a 34.6% decrease in the graphitization degree (G/all) compared to 0.05 mol. Increasing the temperature promotes carbon framework restructuring by enhancing the release of reducing gases. However, nitrogen -induced ring defects hinder graphite microcrystal growth. Iron carbide and graphite nitrogen can jointly reduce the carbon diffusion barrier, as verified by molecular dynamics simulations. However, excessive nitrogen coverage leads to iron site deactivation. XRD, Raman, and XPS analyses confirm that the optimal graphitization effect is achieved at 800 °C with 0.1 mol of melamine. These results provide a fundamental theoretical basis for the low-temperature carbonization of biomass.

生物质基石墨化碳是一种极具发展前景的材料，但氮对生物质催化过程的影响机制尚不清楚。本研究以纤维素为模型物质，系统研究了氮掺杂对低温（700-900℃）下硝酸铁催化生成生物质衍生石墨化碳的影响。采用实验与理论计算相结合的方法对其形成机理进行了分析。研究表明，氮前驱体的类型对石墨化的调节至关重要。具体来说，g-C3N4和三聚氰胺可以在500至700°C的温度范围内逐步释放氮气。这一过程创造了一个富含碳的还原环境，促进了晶格错配小于5%的活性碳化铁相的形成。该工艺的石墨化程度比NH4Cl/尿素体系的石墨化程度高50%以上。然而，氮掺杂水平存在阈值效应。在0.4 mol的三聚氰胺负荷下，氮含量达到6.70 At。%，但缺陷密度增大（D1/G = 2.9）。与0.05 mol相比，石墨化度（G/all）降低了34.6%。升高温度通过增强还原性气体的释放来促进碳框架的重组。然而，氮诱导的环形缺陷阻碍了石墨微晶的生长。通过分子动力学模拟验证了碳化铁和石墨氮可以共同降低碳的扩散屏障。然而，过多的氮覆盖会导致铁位点失活。XRD， Raman和XPS分析证实，在800°C和0.1 mol三聚氰胺的条件下，石墨化效果最佳。这些结果为生物质低温碳化提供了基础理论依据。

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引用次数: 0