Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109118
Daoguang He , Xiao-yang Chen , Y.C. Lin , Han Xie , Baishan Chen
The evolution features of the texture, substructure and grain structure for a C276 superalloy in the dual-stages high-temperature compression with instantaneous strain rates are revealed. The interacting mechanisms between the pre-precipitation μ phase and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains are explored. The experimental results reveal that the formation/development of low-angle-grain-boundaries is progressively promoted with descended compressed temperature or ascended first/second stage strain rate. Whereas DRX grains nucleating and coarsening tendency is inhibited. Three mechanisms, i.e., μ phase stimulated DRX nucleus and discontinuous/continuous DRX, are the dominant DRX nucleation. Besides, the principal components of micro-textures of the C276 superalloy during dual-stages high-temperature compression with instantaneous strain rates are Brass texture, P texture, S texture and Cube texture. The fraction of Cube texture appreciably ascends with the ascended or reduced first/second stage strain rate. Besides, a promoted dislocation-density model considering the interacted impacts among substructure, μ phase and grain structure is established, which enables to be adopted to precisely forecast the variating characteristics of compressed stress and multiple microstructures, i.e., substructures and DRX grain.
{"title":"Microstructural interacting mechanisms and a promoted dislocation-density model for a C276 superalloy with pre-precipitated μ phase in dual-stages high-temperature compression with instantaneous strain rates","authors":"Daoguang He , Xiao-yang Chen , Y.C. Lin , Han Xie , Baishan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution features of the texture, substructure and grain structure for a C276 superalloy in the dual-stages high-temperature compression with instantaneous strain rates are revealed. The interacting mechanisms between the pre-precipitation μ phase and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains are explored. The experimental results reveal that the formation/development of low-angle-grain-boundaries is progressively promoted with descended compressed temperature or ascended first/second stage strain rate. Whereas DRX grains nucleating and coarsening tendency is inhibited. Three mechanisms, i.e., μ phase stimulated DRX nucleus and discontinuous/continuous DRX, are the dominant DRX nucleation. Besides, the principal components of micro-textures of the C276 superalloy during dual-stages high-temperature compression with instantaneous strain rates are Brass texture, P texture, S texture and Cube texture. The fraction of Cube texture appreciably ascends with the ascended <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span> or reduced first/second stage strain rate. Besides, a promoted dislocation-density model considering the interacted impacts among substructure, μ phase and grain structure is established, which enables to be adopted to precisely forecast the variating characteristics of compressed stress and multiple microstructures, i.e., substructures and DRX grain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109123
O. Zakir , O. Guler , R. Idouhli , M. Aklalouch , B. Dikici , M.E. Khadiri , A. Abouelfida , V. Selen , T. Şimşek
In this study, the photocatalytic performance of NbTiZrW-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with Hf, Mo, and Ta additions was investigated. The alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying for 120 h under a high-purity Ar atmosphere to prevent oxidation. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated based on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that MB removal by adsorption reached 22.96 % for NbTiZrWHf, 21.90 % for NbTiZrWTa, and 47.01 % for NbTiZrWMo. The incorporation of Mo into the NbTiZrW alloy was found to enhance electrostatic interactions between MB molecules and the alloy surface. Upon UV irradiation, the degradation efficiency increased significantly, reaching 32.84 % for NbTiZrWHf, 82.02 % for NbTiZrWTa, and 46.13 % for NbTiZrWMo within 3 h. The improved performance of the NbTiZrWHf alloy was attributed to its low particle size, which provided a larger number of active sites for photocatalytic activity, as confirmed by SEM analysis.
{"title":"Exploring the photocatalytic potential of NbTiZrW-based high-entropy alloys with Hf/Mo/Ta additions: Influence of alloying elements on their structural and photocatalytic performance","authors":"O. Zakir , O. Guler , R. Idouhli , M. Aklalouch , B. Dikici , M.E. Khadiri , A. Abouelfida , V. Selen , T. Şimşek","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the photocatalytic performance of NbTiZrW-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with Hf, Mo, and Ta additions was investigated. The alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying for 120 h under a high-purity Ar atmosphere to prevent oxidation. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated based on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that MB removal by adsorption reached 22.96 % for NbTiZrWHf, 21.90 % for NbTiZrWTa, and 47.01 % for NbTiZrWMo. The incorporation of Mo into the NbTiZrW alloy was found to enhance electrostatic interactions between MB molecules and the alloy surface. Upon UV irradiation, the degradation efficiency increased significantly, reaching 32.84 % for NbTiZrWHf, 82.02 % for NbTiZrWTa, and 46.13 % for NbTiZrWMo within 3 h. The improved performance of the NbTiZrWHf alloy was attributed to its low particle size, which provided a larger number of active sites for photocatalytic activity, as confirmed by SEM analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109127
Si-Jin Zhao , Guo-Jian Lyu , Bing Wang , Yun-Jiang Wang , Claudio Fusco , Ji-Chao Qiao
This study combines molecular dynamics simulations with the activation-relaxation technique to investigate the rejuvenation behavior of Cu64Zr36 metallic glass under large-strain cyclic loading. The research reveals that large-strain cyclic loading effectively increases the potential energy of the configuration, promotes atomic rearrangement processes, and significantly reduces the activation energy barrier. By analyzing the evolution of ten representative atomic clusters during the loading process, notable changes in icosahedral clusters are observed, demonstrating their sensitivity to mechanical loading. Additionally, the average activation energy barrier of the central atoms in specific cluster types decreases with the degree of rejuvenation, indicating that the activation energy depends not only on the nearest-neighbor arrangement but also on the environment beyond the first coordination shell. For the potential energy landscape (PEL), high-energy configurations consistently exhibit lower average activation energies, while low-energy configurations display higher energy barriers. The evolution of activation energy in samples subjected to different large-strain cyclic loads provides a pathway for exploring the characteristics of complex PEL and enhances the understanding of the local features of the PEL for amorphous solids.
{"title":"Activation energy evolution during large-strain cyclic loading induced structural rejuvenation in a CuZr metallic glass","authors":"Si-Jin Zhao , Guo-Jian Lyu , Bing Wang , Yun-Jiang Wang , Claudio Fusco , Ji-Chao Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study combines molecular dynamics simulations with the activation-relaxation technique to investigate the rejuvenation behavior of Cu<sub>64</sub>Zr<sub>36</sub> metallic glass under large-strain cyclic loading. The research reveals that large-strain cyclic loading effectively increases the potential energy of the configuration, promotes atomic rearrangement processes, and significantly reduces the activation energy barrier. By analyzing the evolution of ten representative atomic clusters during the loading process, notable changes in icosahedral clusters are observed, demonstrating their sensitivity to mechanical loading. Additionally, the average activation energy barrier of the central atoms in specific cluster types decreases with the degree of rejuvenation, indicating that the activation energy depends not only on the nearest-neighbor arrangement but also on the environment beyond the first coordination shell. For the potential energy landscape (PEL), high-energy configurations consistently exhibit lower average activation energies, while low-energy configurations display higher energy barriers. The evolution of activation energy in samples subjected to different large-strain cyclic loads provides a pathway for exploring the characteristics of complex PEL and enhances the understanding of the local features of the PEL for amorphous solids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109098
Seungchan Ka , Deborah Bae , Ashutosh Sharma , Jae Pil Jung , Hyun-Sik Kim
In this work, laser solder ball jetting (LSBJ) was used to bond electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) coated Cu pads on FR4 substrates. Lead-free SAC305 (Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu) solder balls (Ф 100 μm) were used for the LSBJ process. After LSBJ, the solder joints were reflowed for various reflow cycles (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7), each cycle consisting of 60 s. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the LSBJ solder joints so formed were studied after multiple reflow cycles. It was found that SAC/ENIG-Cu solder joints had higher shearing strength during multiple reflows. The shearing force of the solder joints remained almost stable with the increase in the number of reflow cycles. The fracture of SAC/ENIG-Cu solder joints in LSBJ (before reflow) mainly occurred in the bulk solder. In contrast, after reflow, it showed various combinations of bulk solder fracture, ball lift, and Cu-pad lift interface failure. The microstructure evolution of the solder joints during multiple reflows showed a continuous change in the chemical composition of the IMC layer. Large Ag–Sn and Cu6Sn5 phases near the IMC layer were found within the SAC solder joints on the Cu pads. The LSBJ process enables precise solder deposition and uniform bonding quality during initial joining; however, multiple reflow cycles can lead to progressive IMC growth, affecting long-term reliability. These results demonstrate that while LSBJ offers distinct advantages in controlled soldering, its performance stability under multiple reflows requires further optimization.
{"title":"Laser solder ball jetting of SAC305/ENIG joints: Microstructure, kinetics, and reliability under multiple reflow cycles","authors":"Seungchan Ka , Deborah Bae , Ashutosh Sharma , Jae Pil Jung , Hyun-Sik Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, laser solder ball jetting (LSBJ) was used to bond electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) coated Cu pads on FR4 substrates. Lead-free SAC305 (Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu) solder balls (Ф 100 μm) were used for the LSBJ process. After LSBJ, the solder joints were reflowed for various reflow cycles (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7), each cycle consisting of 60 s. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the LSBJ solder joints so formed were studied after multiple reflow cycles. It was found that SAC/ENIG-Cu solder joints had higher shearing strength during multiple reflows. The shearing force of the solder joints remained almost stable with the increase in the number of reflow cycles. The fracture of SAC/ENIG-Cu solder joints in LSBJ (before reflow) mainly occurred in the bulk solder. In contrast, after reflow, it showed various combinations of bulk solder fracture, ball lift, and Cu-pad lift interface failure. The microstructure evolution of the solder joints during multiple reflows showed a continuous change in the chemical composition of the IMC layer. Large Ag–Sn and Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> phases near the IMC layer were found within the SAC solder joints on the Cu pads. The LSBJ process enables precise solder deposition and uniform bonding quality during initial joining; however, multiple reflow cycles can lead to progressive IMC growth, affecting long-term reliability. These results demonstrate that while LSBJ offers distinct advantages in controlled soldering, its performance stability under multiple reflows requires further optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109067
Yupeng Cao , Yingxian Ma , Shicheng Wei , Bo Wang , Haidong Bao , Yujiang Wang , Rui Zhou
The microstructure and wear properties of (AlxCoCrFeNi)N0.5 (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) high-entropy alloy thin films deposited on the surface of E690 steel by magnetron sputtering were investigated herein. Transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy was employed to analyze the microstructural evolution and formation mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy was coupled with nanoindentation and friction-wear tests to evaluate the effects of the microstructure on the properties (i.e., hardness, elastic modulus, friction coefficient, and wear rate). Finally, a conceptual model of the underlying physical phenomena was proposed to illustrate the observations and explain the relationship between the microstructure and wear properties. The results indicated that increasing the Al content promotes amorphous transformation in the films. When x = 0.5, the film exhibited a nanocrystalline-amorphous dual-phase structure, which alleviated agglomeration and promoted film growth. The (Al0.5CoCrFeNi)N0.5 film exhibited the highest average thickness (2.73 μm), as well as the highest hardness and elastic modulus (9.54 and 187.76 GPa, respectively), at this time, the wear performance is also the best, and the friction coefficient and wear rate are 0.101 and 0.739 × 10−15 m3/(N·m) respectively, which are reduced by 64.4 % and 54.4 % compared with the substrate; under the given deposition conditions. Ultimately, an appropriate mixture of nanocrystalline and amorphous regions can hinder dislocation movement and grain rotation, inhibit grain boundary sliding, and improve the wear resistance of the film. The research results provide insights for the preparation of dual-phase high-entropy alloy thin films with high wear resistance.
{"title":"Microstructure and wear properties of (AlxCoCrFeNi)N0.5 dual-phase high-entropy alloy thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering","authors":"Yupeng Cao , Yingxian Ma , Shicheng Wei , Bo Wang , Haidong Bao , Yujiang Wang , Rui Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and wear properties of (Al<sub>x</sub>CoCrFeNi)N<sub>0.5</sub> (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) high-entropy alloy thin films deposited on the surface of E690 steel by magnetron sputtering were investigated herein. Transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy was employed to analyze the microstructural evolution and formation mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy was coupled with nanoindentation and friction-wear tests to evaluate the effects of the microstructure on the properties (i.e., hardness, elastic modulus, friction coefficient, and wear rate). Finally, a conceptual model of the underlying physical phenomena was proposed to illustrate the observations and explain the relationship between the microstructure and wear properties. The results indicated that increasing the Al content promotes amorphous transformation in the films. When x = 0.5, the film exhibited a nanocrystalline-amorphous dual-phase structure, which alleviated agglomeration and promoted film growth. The (Al<sub>0.5</sub>CoCrFeNi)N<sub>0.5</sub> film exhibited the highest average thickness (2.73 μm), as well as the highest hardness and elastic modulus (9.54 and 187.76 GPa, respectively), at this time, the wear performance is also the best, and the friction coefficient and wear rate are 0.101 and 0.739 × 10<sup>−15</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/(N·m) respectively, which are reduced by 64.4 % and 54.4 % compared with the substrate; under the given deposition conditions. Ultimately, an appropriate mixture of nanocrystalline and amorphous regions can hinder dislocation movement and grain rotation, inhibit grain boundary sliding, and improve the wear resistance of the film. The research results provide insights for the preparation of dual-phase high-entropy alloy thin films with high wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2026.109147
Juying Wu , Jian Yang , Yu Wang , Jijun Yang
The irradiation tolerance of amorphous AlCrTiNbSi high-entropy alloy coatings under 6 MeV Au2+ ions irradiation was studied. After irradiation, the coatings still maintained a complete amorphous phase structure, and the surface morphology became smoother. Slight hardness softening was observed under RT-irradiation, but significant hardness hardening was observed under 400 °C-irradiation. XRD results indicated that irradiation would introduce excessive free volume and destroy the short-range order in amorphous coatings. While increased temperature would induce atomic structural relaxation and consume abundant free volume. In addition, the excessive free volume introduced by irradiation contributed to the nucleation and growth of the voids, resulting in larger void size and density inside the RT-irradiated coating. With the increase of temperature, the mobility of FV was further enhanced, and more voids with small size encountered and merged with each other. As a result, the void size increased, but the void density decreased. Our results help to understand the mechanism of the irradiation effect in amorphous high-entropy alloy coatings.
{"title":"Irradiation tolerance of amorphous AlCrTiNbSi high-entropy alloy coatings","authors":"Juying Wu , Jian Yang , Yu Wang , Jijun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2026.109147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2026.109147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The irradiation tolerance of amorphous AlCrTiNbSi high-entropy alloy coatings under 6 MeV Au<sup>2+</sup> ions irradiation was studied. After irradiation, the coatings still maintained a complete amorphous phase structure, and the surface morphology became smoother. Slight hardness softening was observed under RT-irradiation, but significant hardness hardening was observed under 400 °C-irradiation. XRD results indicated that irradiation would introduce excessive free volume and destroy the short-range order in amorphous coatings. While increased temperature would induce atomic structural relaxation and consume abundant free volume. In addition, the excessive free volume introduced by irradiation contributed to the nucleation and growth of the voids, resulting in larger void size and density inside the RT-irradiated coating. With the increase of temperature, the mobility of FV was further enhanced, and more voids with small size encountered and merged with each other. As a result, the void size increased, but the void density decreased. Our results help to understand the mechanism of the irradiation effect in amorphous high-entropy alloy coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109137
Feng Han , Chunyang Li , Zula Pai , Yu Zhang , Caimei Wang
A novel type of corrosion-resistant (CoCrFeNiMn)100-xVx (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were developed, and the effect of V content on their corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was systematically investigated through comprehensive microstructural characterization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical noise measurement, and immersion corrosion tests. The results show that the V10 alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance, as evidenced by the highest charge transfer resistance and the lowest pitting susceptibility. The enhanced performance is attributed to the selective enrichment of V, which regulates the electrochemical potential difference, thereby improving corrosion performance. Furthermore, none of the alloys exhibits obvious pitting corrosion, which is mainly attributed to the synergistic role of V and Cr in promoting the formation of dense oxides layer. These Cr/V-rich oxides significantly enhance the stability of the alloy, effectively blocking chloride penetration and inhibiting the initiation and propagation of pitting corrosion.
{"title":"Effect of V content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of (CoCrFeNiMn) 100-xVx high entropy alloys","authors":"Feng Han , Chunyang Li , Zula Pai , Yu Zhang , Caimei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel type of corrosion-resistant (CoCrFeNiMn)<sub>100-x</sub>V<sub>x</sub> (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were developed, and the effect of V content on their corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was systematically investigated through comprehensive microstructural characterization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical noise measurement, and immersion corrosion tests. The results show that the V<sub>10</sub> alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance, as evidenced by the highest charge transfer resistance and the lowest pitting susceptibility. The enhanced performance is attributed to the selective enrichment of V, which regulates the electrochemical potential difference, thereby improving corrosion performance. Furthermore, none of the alloys exhibits obvious pitting corrosion, which is mainly attributed to the synergistic role of V and Cr in promoting the formation of dense oxides layer. These Cr/V-rich oxides significantly enhance the stability of the alloy, effectively blocking chloride penetration and inhibiting the initiation and propagation of pitting corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109096
Kunyu Wang , Zhiqiang Wang , Yunlong Li , Jie Zhu
Ni-Mn-Ga-Cu-B porous alloy was prepared via powder metallurgy using NaCl as a pore-forming agent. The influence of mechanical training on the phase transformation behavior of porous shape memory alloy was studied. The results revealed that cyclic compression induced residual martensite phases and saturated dislocations in the porous alloy, reducing the incompatibility between martensite and austenite. Higher applied stresses promoted the formation of martensite phases with c-axes perpendicular to the stress direction. The interplay between stress distribution during compression and phase transformation mechanisms were systematically explored.
{"title":"Effect of mechanical training on Ni-Mn-Ga-Cu-B porous shape memory alloy","authors":"Kunyu Wang , Zhiqiang Wang , Yunlong Li , Jie Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni-Mn-Ga-Cu-B porous alloy was prepared via powder metallurgy using NaCl as a pore-forming agent. The influence of mechanical training on the phase transformation behavior of porous shape memory alloy was studied. The results revealed that cyclic compression induced residual martensite phases and saturated dislocations in the porous alloy, reducing the incompatibility between martensite and austenite. Higher applied stresses promoted the formation of martensite phases with c-axes perpendicular to the stress direction. The interplay between stress distribution during compression and phase transformation mechanisms were systematically explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109114
Tong Liu , Dezhi Chen , Xuefeng Gao , Gang Qin , Ruirun Chen
To reveal the effect of Ta on non-equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys (HEAs), Ni42-xCo30Cr11Fe11Al6Tax (x = 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 at.%) HEAs were prepared. The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of the alloys were studied. The results show that the Ta element promotes the formation of L12 phases and Laves phases in matrix. The microstructure of the alloy changes from the single face-centered body (FCC) phases (x = 0) to the FCC + L12 phases (x˂3 at.%), and ultimately to FCC + L12+Laves phases (x ≥ 3 at.%). The tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the Ni36Co30Cr11Fe11Al6Ta6 alloy are 1065 MPa, 1250 MPa and 9.6 %, respectively. The alloy demonstrated fivefold higher yield strength than the Ta-free alloy, outperforming most cast alloys. The precipitation strengthening shows the higher contribution in the alloy. It provides a demonstration for designing high-strength as-cast HEAs.
{"title":"Microstructure and strengthening mechanism of non-equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy via Ta alloying","authors":"Tong Liu , Dezhi Chen , Xuefeng Gao , Gang Qin , Ruirun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reveal the effect of Ta on non-equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys (HEAs), Ni<sub>42-<em>x</em></sub>Co<sub>30</sub>Cr<sub>11</sub>Fe<sub>11</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Ta<sub><em>x</em></sub> (<em>x</em> = 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 at.%) HEAs were prepared. The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of the alloys were studied. The results show that the Ta element promotes the formation of L1<sub>2</sub> phases and Laves phases in matrix. The microstructure of the alloy changes from the single face-centered body (FCC) phases (<em>x</em> = 0) to the FCC + L1<sub>2</sub> phases (<em>x</em>˂3 at.%), and ultimately to FCC + L1<sub>2</sub>+Laves phases (<em>x</em> ≥ 3 at.%). The tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the Ni<sub>36</sub>Co<sub>30</sub>Cr<sub>11</sub>Fe<sub>11</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Ta<sub>6</sub> alloy are 1065 MPa, 1250 MPa and 9.6 %, respectively. The alloy demonstrated fivefold higher yield strength than the Ta-free alloy, outperforming most cast alloys. The precipitation strengthening shows the higher contribution in the alloy. It provides a demonstration for designing high-strength as-cast HEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109116
Xiaofei Wu , Yusong Du , Gang Fu , Jiang Wang , Gang Cheng , Jingtai Zhao , Deqin Xu , Guanghui Rao
The intergranular Nd6Fe13M phase can effectively enhance the coercivity and thermal stability of NdFeB magnets. Investigating the magnetic properties and solidification path of Nd6Fe13M is crucial for understanding its mechanism in improving the coercivity of NdFeB magnets, as well as providing essential guidance for optimizing the preparation process of NdFeB-based alloys. In this work, a series of Nd6Fe13M (M = Cu, Ga, Ge) samples were prepared via arc melting, and their solidification path and magnetism were studied in detail. It is confirmed that the ternary Nd6Fe13M phase forms via the peritectic reaction Liquid + Fe17Nd2 ↔ Nd6Fe13M. The formation temperatures of Nd6Fe13Cu, Nd6Fe13Ga, and Nd6Fe13Ge were determined to be 875 K, 1064 K and 1206 K, respectively. Rietveld refinement confirmed that Nd6Fe13M adopts a tetragonal Nd6Fe13Si-type structure with the I4/mcm space group. Magnetic measurements revealed that all compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering, with Néel temperatures of 400 K, 429 K, and 422 K, respectively. Notably, a magnetic field-induced transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state was observed in Nd6Fe13Ge at 150 K under a maximum applied field of 5 T. Furthermore, analysis of the hysteresis loops of Nd6Fe13Cu and Nd6Fe13Ga at different temperatures suggests a competitive interplay between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic coupling in RE6Fe13M, with increasing temperature weakening the antiferromagnetic coupling strength.
{"title":"Study on the solidification path and magnetic properties of the ternary Nd6Fe13M (M=Cu, Ga, Ge) compounds","authors":"Xiaofei Wu , Yusong Du , Gang Fu , Jiang Wang , Gang Cheng , Jingtai Zhao , Deqin Xu , Guanghui Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intergranular Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>M phase can effectively enhance the coercivity and thermal stability of NdFeB magnets. Investigating the magnetic properties and solidification path of Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>M is crucial for understanding its mechanism in improving the coercivity of NdFeB magnets, as well as providing essential guidance for optimizing the preparation process of NdFeB-based alloys. In this work, a series of Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>M (M = Cu, Ga, Ge) samples were prepared via arc melting, and their solidification path and magnetism were studied in detail. It is confirmed that the ternary Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>M phase forms via the peritectic reaction Liquid + Fe<sub>17</sub>Nd<sub>2</sub> ↔ Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>M. The formation temperatures of Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Cu, Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ga, and Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ge were determined to be 875 K, 1064 K and 1206 K, respectively. Rietveld refinement confirmed that Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>M adopts a tetragonal Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Si-type structure with the <em>I</em>4/<em>mcm</em> space group. Magnetic measurements revealed that all compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering, with Néel temperatures of 400 K, 429 K, and 422 K, respectively. Notably, a magnetic field-induced transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state was observed in Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ge at 150 K under a maximum applied field of 5 T. Furthermore, analysis of the hysteresis loops of Nd<sub>6</sub>F<sub>e13</sub>Cu and Nd<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ga at different temperatures suggests a competitive interplay between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic coupling in RE<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>M, with increasing temperature weakening the antiferromagnetic coupling strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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