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Doing Ethnography Remotely: Rethinking Methodologies of Fieldwork in Gabura of Southwest Bangladesh during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic 远程做民族志:在全球COVID-19大流行期间对孟加拉国西南部加布拉实地调查方法的反思
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64918
Fahmid Al Zaid
This article describes the possible processes of conducting ethnographic fieldwork remotely through mediated ways among the Gabura Islanders in Southwest region of Bangladesh during the global COVID-19 pandemic. As observed, due to the impact of COVID-19, a crisis of choosing the ‘field’ and conducting ‘fieldwork’ has taken place in writing ethnography that requires both methodological and theoretical rethinking. However, the basic of anthropological fieldwork is physical immersion into the culture as much as possible. Also, it has become nearly impossible to conduct field research in such an intimate way during the period of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic situation has forced the ethnographers to stay home and have had to find new way of gaining access to the field. To this backdrop, this article depicts the possible processes of conducting ethnographic fieldwork through mediated ways such as using digital communications and engaging research assistant in the data collection process. Thus, the article presents author’s own experiences and challenges of doing ethnography remotely through mediates ways by gaining rapport and making interaction with the Gabura Islanders in Southwest Bangladesh during the covid-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, this article does not advocate that in-person immersion of fieldwork should be replaced by alternative means or mediated ways, rather urges to consider the changing methodologies as choices not as necessity of conducting conventional ethnography.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 165-177
本文描述了在全球COVID-19大流行期间,通过中介方式在孟加拉国西南地区Gabura岛民中远程开展民族志实地调查的可能过程。如上所述,由于2019冠状病毒病的影响,在民族志写作中出现了选择“领域”和进行“实地考察”的危机,需要对方法和理论进行重新思考。然而,人类学田野调查的基础是尽可能地融入文化。而且,在新冠疫情期间,几乎不可能进行如此亲密的实地调查。2019冠状病毒病大流行迫使民族志学家留在家中,不得不寻找进入该领域的新途径。在此背景下,本文描述了通过中介方式(如使用数字通信和在数据收集过程中聘请研究助理)进行民族志田野调查的可能过程。因此,本文介绍了作者自己在covid-19大流行期间通过与孟加拉国西南部Gabura岛民建立关系和互动,通过中介方式远程进行民族志研究的经验和挑战。然而,这篇文章并不主张实地考察的亲身体验应该被替代手段或中介方式所取代,而是敦促人们将不断变化的方法视为一种选择,而不是进行传统民族志的必要条件。《社会科学评论》Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月,第165-177页
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引用次数: 0
Are the Rohingyas George Floyds of Asia? - Challenges of Practicing Culture as a Persecuted Ethnicity 罗兴亚人是亚洲的乔治·弗洛伊德吗?-作为受迫害民族实践文化的挑战
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64875
The objective of this research is to find out the relationship between Rohingya minorities of Myanmar and black communities in the USA from the lens of systemic racism. The Rohingya have been tortured for their ethnic identity just as the black communities are being persecuted outside of Asia. The black movement of America increase on May 25, 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic when black man George Floyd died by the physical torture of policemen. In the same way, the Rohingya people saw various military armed insurrections in their whole lifetime yielding unlimited pain and unacceptable experience for the community. From the 1940s, they have been persecuted by their own government till the huge influx in 2017 which forced the majority to take shelter in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. More than 1 million Rohingya people are now living in these largest camps for displaced persons in the world. Despite the growing systemic racism in these two communities in the two parts of the world, few literatures focused on the co-relations between them and hardly defined these crises from the systemic racism lens. We largely based our arguments on the challenges of practicing Rohingya culture based on secondary source analysis. However, the research finds comparative analysis between the Asian communities has become an urgent need for further research.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 75-90
本研究的目的是从系统性种族主义的角度,找出缅甸罗兴亚少数民族与美国黑人社区之间的关系。罗兴亚人因其种族身份而受到折磨,就像黑人社区在亚洲以外受到迫害一样。2020年5月25日,在新冠肺炎疫情期间,美国黑人乔治·弗洛伊德因警察的身体折磨而死亡,美国黑人运动也随之兴起。同样,罗兴亚人一生中目睹了各种各样的军事武装叛乱,给这个社区带来了无限的痛苦和不可接受的经历。从20世纪40年代开始,他们一直受到自己政府的迫害,直到2017年大量涌入,迫使大多数人在孟加拉国的考克斯巴扎尔避难。目前有100多万罗兴亚人生活在这些世界上最大的流离失所者营地。尽管在世界的两个地区,这两个社区的系统性种族主义日益严重,但很少有文献关注它们之间的相互关系,也很少从系统性种族主义的角度来定义这些危机。我们的论点主要基于基于二手资料分析的实践罗兴亚文化的挑战。然而,研究发现,亚洲社区之间的比较分析已成为进一步研究的迫切需要。社会科学评论,Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月,第75-90页
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引用次数: 0
The Normalization of Domestic Violence in Bangladesh: Analysing through the Lens of Social Learning Theory 孟加拉家庭暴力正常化:透过社会学习理论的视角分析
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64917
F. Rahman, A. Sakib
The study focuses on the gender-biased socialization process inside the patriarchal social system, which institutionalizes domestic violence against women and transmits it from generation to generation. A culture of normalization contributes to the increased incidence of domestic violence against women, which is socially acceptable despite the fact that it affects women. Domestic violence was predicted to decrease annually in Bangladesh due to improved literacy rates, women’s empowerment and participation, and economic prosperity, among other factors. Despite these assumptions, the frequency of violence continues to rise. This qualitative study analyses how sociocultural factors influence domestic violence’s acceptance in Bangladeshi society. Additionally, it has an intergenerational effect, which has been examined through Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. The researchers conducted extensive semi-structured interviews with participants to understand the issue as a social phenomenon. The paper concludes with a few ideas for a long-term policy to eradicate the root causes of domestic violence against women in society.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 141-164
研究的重点是男权社会制度内部性别偏见的社会化过程,这一过程使针对妇女的家庭暴力制度化,并代代相传。正常化的文化助长了对妇女的家庭暴力事件的增加,尽管它影响到妇女,但这是社会可以接受的。由于识字率提高、妇女赋权和参与以及经济繁荣等因素,预计孟加拉国的家庭暴力每年都会减少。尽管有这些假设,暴力事件的频率仍在上升。本定性研究分析社会文化因素如何影响孟加拉社会对家庭暴力的接受程度。此外,它还具有代际效应,这一点已经通过阿尔伯特·班杜拉的社会学习理论进行了研究。研究人员对参与者进行了广泛的半结构化访谈,以了解这一问题是一种社会现象。最后,本文提出了一些消除社会上对妇女的家庭暴力的根源的长期政策的想法。《社会科学评论》Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月,第141-164页
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Mainstream and New Media in Developing Social Movements: A Case of Shahbagh Movement 主流媒体与新媒体在社会运动发展中的作用——以沙赫巴格运动为例
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64874
Shabnam Azim, F. Yasmin
A social movement is a planned attempt by many individuals to influence or oppose certain significant aspects of society. They have impacted laws, regulations, and even political structures. Recently, it has been observed that both the mainstream media and new media play crucial roles in developing social movements.. The new media can accelerate the recruitment and mobilisation of social movements. It can influence and set the agenda concerning any movements for the traditional media. However, movements based on new media platforms could only sustain if they received the support of the mainstream media. This paper uses the Shahbagh movement as a case study to examine how mainstream and new media played a crucial role in bringing it to the public’s attention. This article argues that the Shahbagh movement has shown that new media can influence mainstream media’s agenda and the development of a social movement in Bangladesh. It contributed to accelerating the resource mobilisation and recruitment of the Shahbagh movement and made it the leading news for the traditional media. At the same time, this paper also examines how the Shahbagh movement lost its ability to be newsworthy.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 57-73
社会运动是指许多人有计划地试图影响或反对社会的某些重要方面。它们已经影响了法律、法规,甚至政治结构。近年来,人们注意到主流媒体和新媒体在社会运动的发展中都起着至关重要的作用。新媒体可以加速社会运动的招募和动员。它可以影响并为传统媒体设定任何运动的议程。然而,基于新媒体平台的运动只有得到主流媒体的支持才能持续下去。本文以Shahbagh运动为个案研究,检视主流媒体与新媒体如何在引起大众注意的过程中扮演关键角色。本文认为,Shahbagh运动表明,新媒体可以影响主流媒体的议程和孟加拉国社会运动的发展。它有助于加速调动资源和招募Shahbagh运动,并使其成为传统媒体的主要新闻。同时,本文也探讨了Shahbagh运动是如何失去其新闻价值的。社会科学评论,Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月,第57-73页
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引用次数: 0
Building Social and Political Awareness through Cinema: The Case of Dahan 通过电影建立社会和政治意识:以大汉为例
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64916
H. Rahman, Saiyeed Shahjada Al Kareem
Feature film holds a significant position in Bangladesh filmscape. However, only a few of these films are aimed at raising social and political consciousness among the audience. One such film is Dahan (Affliction), directed by Sheikh Niamat Ali in 1985. Employing the theoretical lens of the Third Cinema, this study investigates how this film contributed in social and political awareness building. Therefore, this article examines the content and stylistic features of the film and concludes with the note that by providing a few alternatives to the traditional cinema techniques, the film successfully delineated the then socio-political reality of Bangladesh characterized by inequality, injustice and intellectual bankruptcy, and sought for social and political emancipation that helps audience enhance their social and political understanding.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 125-140
故事片在孟加拉国电影中占有重要地位。然而,这些电影中只有少数旨在提高观众的社会和政治意识。其中一部电影是1985年由Sheikh Niamat Ali导演的《苦难》(Dahan)。本研究运用第三电影的理论视角,探讨这部电影对社会和政治意识建设的贡献。因此,本文考察了电影的内容和风格特征,并总结说,通过提供一些替代传统电影技术,这部电影成功地描绘了孟加拉国当时的社会政治现实,其特点是不平等,不公正和知识破产,并寻求社会和政治解放,帮助观众提高他们的社会和政治理解。社会科学评论,Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月页125-140
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引用次数: 0
Role of One Stop Shop for e-service delivery: Case Study on Union Digital Center in Bangladesh 一站式服务在电子服务交付中的作用:孟加拉联合数字中心案例研究
IF 0.1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64876
Arifur Rahman Bhuiyan, Mahir Abrar
The One Stop Shop (OSS) is a global concept that accelerates public and private service at the doorstep of citizens. Developing and developing countries have followed this approach to make public service citizen- cantered, inclusive and participatory. The government of Bangladesh has launched the one-stop-shop approach in the name of the Union Information and Service Center (UISC) as part of a partnership program. Over time, the number of one-stop shops has grown at Union, Paurashava and City Corporation level in Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to understand the existing one-stop-shop status in Bangladesh by analysing the role of One Stop Shop in promoting the provision of electronic services at the urban and rural levels. However, the study followed a qualitative design to achieve the goal of the study. Secondary data is collected through content analysis of relevant literature, books, journals and articles, etc. The study finds that there is a manpower (entrepreneurs) shortage and a lack of innovation in services in UDCs, PDCs and CDCs. Bangladesh has not been able to make significant progress and innovations to deliver dynamic public service at urban and rural level through the UDC, PDC and CDC. The study recommends initiating the provision of application-based public and private services through the UDCs, PDCs and CDCs.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 91-102
一站式服务(OSS)是一个全球性的概念,它加快了公共和私人服务在公民家门口的速度。发展中国家和发展中国家都遵循这种做法,使公共服务以公民为中心,具有包容性和参与性。孟加拉国政府以联盟信息和服务中心(UISC)的名义推出了一站式服务方法,作为伙伴关系计划的一部分。随着时间的推移,孟加拉国的Union、Paurashava和City Corporation级别的一站式商店数量不断增加。这项研究的目的是通过分析一站式商店在促进城市和农村两级提供电子服务方面的作用,了解孟加拉国现有的一站式商店状况。然而,为了达到研究的目的,本研究遵循了定性设计。通过对相关文献、书籍、期刊、文章等的内容分析来收集二手资料。研究发现,在发展中国家、发展中国家和疾病控制中国家存在人力(企业家)短缺和服务创新不足的问题。孟加拉国未能取得重大进展和创新,通过城市发展委员会、农村发展委员会和疾病预防控制中心在城市和农村一级提供充满活力的公共服务。该研究建议通过发展中国家、发展中国家和疾病预防控制中心开始提供基于应用的公共和私营服务。《社会科学评论》Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月,第91-102页
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引用次数: 0
The Justification of Democracy Peace Theory in the 21st Century 21世纪民主和平理论的正当性
IF 0.1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64921
Sharmin Bhuiya, Miskat Jahan
Dependent on liberal ideologies , the democratic peace theory assumes that democracies rarely wage war on one another than non- democracies. But critics argue that merely being democratic in nature may not be the main reason for peace between democracies. Throughout the 21st century, we have witnessed the “War on Terrorism” after 9/11, the rise of multipolarity, several buffer zones underpinning major powers’ divisive politics and reflection of national leaders’ decisions on regional cooperatives and international institutions, etc., which have had varying effects on international politics. Therefore, this study begs a question that whether the implications of democratic peace theory are justified in the 21st century or not. Answering this question required a thorough review of the arguments put forward by democratic peace theorists and detractors. This article examines the justification of democratic peace theory by focusing on the remarkable political phenomena in the 21st century. The method of this study is based on the thematic literature review and in-depth study of the documents and summaries comprised of articles and journals. This study found that authoritarianism, democratic backsliding, the rise of populism, contentious politics, border and regional conflicts, violent annexation, etc. have become critical issues in democracies where neither the values of democracy are protected, nor the liberal ideology is followed in the state mechanisms.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 211-229
依赖于自由主义意识形态的民主和平理论假定民主国家之间比非民主国家之间很少发动战争。但批评者认为,仅仅是民主的本质可能不是民主国家之间和平的主要原因。纵观21世纪,我们见证了911事件后的“反恐战争”、多极化的兴起、支撑大国分裂政治的若干缓冲地带、国家领导人对区域合作和国际机构决策的反思等,这些都对国际政治产生了不同程度的影响。因此,本研究提出了一个问题,即民主和平理论的含义在21世纪是否合理。回答这个问题需要彻底审查民主和平理论家和批评者提出的论点。本文以21世纪引人注目的政治现象为中心,考察民主和平理论的正当性。本研究的方法以专题文献综述为基础,深入研究由文章和期刊组成的文献和摘要。本研究发现,威权主义、民主倒退、民粹主义的兴起、政治争议、边界和地区冲突、暴力吞并等,已经成为民主国家中既不保护民主价值,也不遵循自由主义意识形态的国家机制的关键问题。社会科学评论,Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月页211-229
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引用次数: 0
Skill Mismatch as Constraint to Entrepreneurship in the Leather Sector of Bangladesh: A Conceptual Study 技能错配对孟加拉国皮革行业创业的制约:一项概念研究
IF 0.1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64915
Nazia Kabir, Shashi Kamal
Promoting entrepreneurship is a key approach to reducing youth unemployment and enhancing economic development. This paper aims to explore skill mismatch as a constraint to entrepreneurship in the leather sector of Bangladesh. The paper is a conceptual study and follows the worldview of critical realism. This study used one-to-one interviews and a survey based on a non-probability sampling procedure to supplement the conceptual analysis. The empirical findings were considered complementary evidence to the conceptual discussion. The study was designed to explore the issues related to skill mismatch through a conceptual analysis instead of aiming to make generalizable statistical inferences. The paper had two major findings. Firstly, the ability to develop ‘political connections’ is considered an important skill that entrepreneurs look for in their business partners and managers, especially at the early stage of business capital formation. Other forms of skills mismatch impose a high amount of cost on the entrepreneurs and function as an entry barrier to entrepreneurship. Secondly, entrepreneurs are not well incentivized to invest in training and up-skilling their workers due to the high risk associated with such investments.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 103-123
促进创业是减少青年失业和促进经济发展的关键途径。本文旨在探讨技能不匹配作为孟加拉国皮革行业创业的制约因素。本文是一项概念性研究,遵循批判现实主义的世界观。本研究采用一对一访谈和基于非概率抽样程序的调查来补充概念分析。实证研究结果被认为是对概念讨论的补充证据。本研究旨在透过概念分析探讨与技能失配有关的问题,而非旨在作出概括性的统计推论。这篇论文有两个主要发现。首先,发展“政治关系”的能力被认为是企业家在其商业伙伴和经理中寻找的一项重要技能,特别是在商业资本形成的早期阶段。其他形式的技能不匹配给企业家带来了高昂的成本,并成为创业的进入障碍。其次,由于与此类投资相关的高风险,企业家没有很好的动力投资于培训和提高工人的技能。社会科学评论,Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月页103-123
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引用次数: 0
“No one will say homemakers don’t work” A study in Dhaka city to explore the perceptions of women on redefining unpaid work: Recognition or redistribution? “没有人会说家庭主妇不工作”达卡市的一项研究探讨了女性对重新定义无薪工作的看法:承认还是再分配?
IF 0.1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64871
This article analyses the multiple dynamics of getting recognition for unpaid work based on the perceptions and expectations of both employed and non- employed women from middle and lower middle class in Dhaka city. The study follows qualitative research methodology through conducting semi structured in- depth interviews with 40 married women. The findings underscore that women’s perceptions on unpaid work are widely diverse and depend on their economic class and employment status. Still a good number of women believe that they are born to do unpaid work and women should not demand any financial benefits in return of their care and domestic work. Besides, there is a few women who strongly support the idea of wage creation for unpaid work, either from state, husband or from both. A huge difference has been identified between the amount of money argued from different categories of women based on their economic class, employment status and other conditions of life. The findings also unfold wage creation is not sufficient to ensure the social recognition for women’s housework. Strong family bonding, respect, appreciation, happiness, and leisure can be the alternative ways of social recognition for unpaid work. Moreover, women also demand for men’s participation in the unpaid work.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 15-34
本文以达喀市中、下层中产阶级的就业和非就业妇女的认知和期望为基础,分析了无偿工作获得认可的多重动态。本研究采用质性研究方法,对40位已婚妇女进行半结构化的深度访谈。调查结果强调,女性对无偿工作的看法存在很大差异,这取决于她们的经济阶层和就业状况。仍然有相当数量的妇女认为她们生来就是做无报酬工作的,妇女不应该要求任何经济利益作为她们照顾和家务劳动的回报。此外,有少数女性强烈支持为无薪工作创造工资的想法,无论是来自国家还是丈夫,或者来自两者。根据经济阶层、就业状况和其他生活条件,不同类别的妇女所主张的钱数存在巨大差异。研究还发现,工资创造不足以确保社会对女性家务劳动的认可。牢固的家庭纽带、尊重、欣赏、快乐和休闲可以成为社会认可无偿工作的另一种方式。此外,女性还要求男性参与无偿工作。《社会科学评论》Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月,第15-34页
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引用次数: 0
A Case Study on the Popular Rituals of Marma Buddhists in Bangladesh 孟加拉玛玛佛教徒民间仪式个案研究
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3329/ssr.v39i1.64920
Jyotiswi Chakma
Marma is a microscopic Buddhist ethic community in Bangladesh, who mainly live in Chittagong Hill Tracts and follow Theravada Buddhism. Though they have every regards for the Bangladeshi National Jurisdictions, they have their own administrative body of jurisdiction. They have their own language, traditional dress and observe colorful popular rituals, through which they keep their identity as a distinct community. In this article, it has explored some popular rituals of Marma Buddhists and to uncover the meaning, and understand them regarding these rituals.Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 199-209
玛玛是孟加拉国的一个微观佛教族群,主要居住在吉大港山区,信仰小乘佛教。虽然它们完全尊重孟加拉国的国家管辖权,但它们有自己的行政管辖机构。他们有自己的语言,传统的服装,并遵守丰富多彩的流行仪式,通过这些仪式,他们保持了自己作为一个独特社区的身份。在这篇文章中,它探讨了一些流行的玛玛佛教徒的仪式和揭示的意义,并了解他们关于这些仪式。《社会科学评论》Vol. 39(1), 2022年6月,第199-209页
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Catholic Social Science Review
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