Moisture carried by the mid-latitude westerlies is an important source of water for the Asian Water Towers (AWTs), but how this moisture crosses the high Himalaya has remained unclear. Here, we use a tethered balloon to measure atmospheric water vapor and its isotopic compositions (δDv and d-excessv) from the surface to 9050 m above sea level in late spring (May 2022) on the northern side of Mt. Qomolangma. These measurements show that the westerlies can transport moisture from the south of the Himalaya across the high-altitude barrier, particularly above 7000 m above sea level, into the AWTs. By combining our observations with atmospheric model simulations, we show that the water vapor becomes strongly depleted in heavy isotopes during transport, primarily due to rapid cooling and ice formation high above the mountains. These results provide the first direct evidence, for late spring over the Mt. Qomolangma region, of how moisture from distant ocean regions can reach the interior of the AWTs. Our findings provide an unprecedented understanding of the westerlies advection across the Himalayas in late spring and a benchmark for future climate projections. They also highlight that the interpretation of isotopic records in Himalayan ice cores should consider the influence of multi-sources and kinetic effects aloft in the AWTs.
{"title":"Late-spring vertical profiles in atmospheric water vapor stable isotopes reveal westerlies moisture transport across the Himalaya into the Asian Water Towers","authors":"Jing Gao, Jingjing Yang, Gebanruo Chen, Yigang Liu, Xiaowei Niu, Aibin Zhao, Yilong Wang, Rong Cai, Zeqing He, Taihua Zhang, Tandong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.05.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.05.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moisture carried by the mid-latitude westerlies is an important source of water for the Asian Water Towers (AWTs), but how this moisture crosses the high Himalaya has remained unclear. Here, we use a tethered balloon to measure atmospheric water vapor and its isotopic compositions (<em>δ</em>D<sub>v</sub> and <em>d</em>-excess<sub>v</sub>) from the surface to 9050 m above sea level in late spring (May 2022) on the northern side of Mt. Qomolangma. These measurements show that the westerlies can transport moisture from the south of the Himalaya across the high-altitude barrier, particularly above 7000 m above sea level, into the AWTs. By combining our observations with atmospheric model simulations, we show that the water vapor becomes strongly depleted in heavy isotopes during transport, primarily due to rapid cooling and ice formation high above the mountains. These results provide the first direct evidence, for late spring over the Mt. Qomolangma region, of how moisture from distant ocean regions can reach the interior of the AWTs. Our findings provide an unprecedented understanding of the westerlies advection across the Himalayas in late spring and a benchmark for future climate projections. They also highlight that the interpretation of isotopic records in Himalayan ice cores should consider the influence of multi-sources and kinetic effects aloft in the AWTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 19","pages":"Pages 4874-4883"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148194438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lignin-oil remains the last untapped carbon reservoir in biomass refineries because its dense aryl–O–aryl networks resist selective C–O cleavage. The key to this transformation lies in the selective deoxygenation of its oxygen-containing groups and the selective scission of bonds between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; whether the surface can return H* to metal centres to trigger cracking is unknown. Here we elucidate a reverse H-spillover pathway on Ru single-atom catalysts (Ru1/WZrOx) that enables C–O cleavage of crude lignin-oil directly to produce value-added aviation fuel precursors, boosting the hydrodeoxygenation efficiency by 40%. Surprisingly, a remarkable substrate conversion of 100% and selectivity of 100% to produce cycloalcohols are achieved, while delivering an impressive 80.7% selectivity toward C–O cleavage from lignin-oil. Detailed spectroscopy, isotope experiments and density functional theory analysis disclose that sp3-hybridized W centres in defective WZrOx nanolattices chemically push electron-rich hydrides back to Ru single-atoms, while micro-kinetics of dual-supplied H* system identify a 0.09 eV barrier for arene–O hydrogenolysis inside a Ru-hydride, leading to highly active lignin-oil hydrocracking. This study is expected to provide deep insights into boosting efficient lignin-oil depolymerization via modulating the surface active sites of the catalyst, for converting lignin-oil into hydrocarbon mixtures suitable for aviation fuel.
{"title":"Engineering reverse H-spillover on Ru single-atom sites for selective upgrading of lignin-oil to aviation fuel precursors","authors":"Jinpeng Wei, Yonggang Sun, Wenjin Shi, Yuyu Wang, Yulong Ma, Zhengping Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin-oil remains the last untapped carbon reservoir in biomass refineries because its dense aryl–O–aryl networks resist selective C–O cleavage. The key to this transformation lies in the selective deoxygenation of its oxygen-containing groups and the selective scission of bonds between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; whether the surface can return H* to metal centres to trigger cracking is unknown. Here we elucidate a reverse H-spillover pathway on Ru single-atom catalysts (Ru<sub>1</sub>/WZrO<em><sub>x</sub></em>) that enables C–O cleavage of crude lignin-oil directly to produce value-added aviation fuel precursors, boosting the hydrodeoxygenation efficiency by 40%. Surprisingly, a remarkable substrate conversion of 100% and selectivity of 100% to produce cycloalcohols are achieved, while delivering an impressive 80.7% selectivity toward C–O cleavage from lignin-oil. Detailed spectroscopy, isotope experiments and density functional theory analysis disclose that sp<sup>3</sup>-hybridized W centres in defective WZrO<em><sub>x</sub></em> nanolattices chemically push electron-rich hydrides back to Ru single-atoms, while micro-kinetics of dual-supplied H* system identify a 0.09 eV barrier for arene–O hydrogenolysis inside a Ru-hydride, leading to highly active lignin-oil hydrocracking. This study is expected to provide deep insights into boosting efficient lignin-oil depolymerization via modulating the surface active sites of the catalyst, for converting lignin-oil into hydrocarbon mixtures suitable for aviation fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 19","pages":"Pages 4966-4980"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.068
Zhu-Ling Deng, Xiang-Dong Li, Bo Wang, Philipp Podsiadlowski, Yong Shao, Dong-Dong Liu, Zhan-Wen Han
The standard magnetic braking (MB) model has long failed to explain key properties of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) — including their accretion rates, the formation of ultracompact binaries, and orbital expansion — casting doubt on binary evolution and gravitational-wave progenitor predictions. Phenomenological modifications exist, but a unified, physically grounded mechanism has been missing. Here we show that the overlooked coupling between magnetic saturation and irradiation-driven winds (IDW) provides this missing framework. Accretion-powered irradiation enhances the donor wind, which in turn amplifies MB exactly where needed. Our Saturated MB + IDW (SMB + IDW) model simultaneously resolves three outstanding discrepancies with no fine-tuning: (1) it reproduces the full observed distribution of accretion rates across persistent and transient LMXBs; (2) it naturally explains ultracompact X-ray binary formation; and (3) it quantitatively matches the orbital period distribution of descendant millisecond pulsar (MSP) binaries — a critical independent test failed by all previous models. Critically, the SMB + IDW model transforms MB from an externally imposed condition into a self-consistently regulated process tied to the accretion history. By unifying LMXB evolution to MSPs in a single physical picture, our work resolves the long-standing diversity puzzle and establishes a physics-based foundation for next-generation population synthesis, gravitational-wave progenitor predictions, and compact binary interpretation across cosmic time.
{"title":"A unified solution to the low-mass X-ray binary diversity puzzle: saturated magnetic braking coupled with irradiation-driven winds","authors":"Zhu-Ling Deng, Xiang-Dong Li, Bo Wang, Philipp Podsiadlowski, Yong Shao, Dong-Dong Liu, Zhan-Wen Han","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The standard magnetic braking (MB) model has long failed to explain key properties of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) — including their accretion rates, the formation of ultracompact binaries, and orbital expansion — casting doubt on binary evolution and gravitational-wave progenitor predictions. Phenomenological modifications exist, but a unified, physically grounded mechanism has been missing. Here we show that the overlooked coupling between magnetic saturation and irradiation-driven winds (IDW) provides this missing framework. Accretion-powered irradiation enhances the donor wind, which in turn amplifies MB exactly where needed. Our Saturated MB + IDW (SMB + IDW) model simultaneously resolves three outstanding discrepancies with no fine-tuning: (1) it reproduces the full observed distribution of accretion rates across persistent and transient LMXBs; (2) it naturally explains ultracompact X-ray binary formation; and (3) it quantitatively matches the orbital period distribution of descendant millisecond pulsar (MSP) binaries — a critical independent test failed by all previous models. Critically, the SMB + IDW model transforms MB from an externally imposed condition into a self-consistently regulated process tied to the accretion history. By unifying LMXB evolution to MSPs in a single physical picture, our work resolves the long-standing diversity puzzle and establishes a physics-based foundation for next-generation population synthesis, gravitational-wave progenitor predictions, and compact binary interpretation across cosmic time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 19","pages":"Pages 4937-4948"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-08-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.045
Shuo Xiang, Jun Zhu, Caifa You, Yong Tian, Dingyuan Yan, Lei Wang, Dong Wang, Ben-Zhong Tang
Deuterium engineering is employed to unlock a tripartite enhancement in NIR-Ⅱ AIEgens. This approach simultaneously boosts fluorescence quantum yield, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and physiological stability while retaining photothermal efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles enable trimodal imaging and synergistic phototherapy for complete tumor ablation, and also facilitate high-contrast fluorescence-guided surgical resection of colorectal cancer, significantly prolonging survival in vivo.
{"title":"Deuterium engineering unlocks a tripartite enhancement in a NIR-Ⅱ AIEgen for exceptional cancer theranostics and surgical navigation","authors":"Shuo Xiang, Jun Zhu, Caifa You, Yong Tian, Dingyuan Yan, Lei Wang, Dong Wang, Ben-Zhong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Deuterium engineering is employed to unlock a tripartite enhancement in NIR-Ⅱ AIEgens. This approach simultaneously boosts fluorescence quantum yield, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and physiological stability while retaining photothermal efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles enable trimodal imaging and synergistic phototherapy for complete tumor ablation, and also facilitate high-contrast fluorescence-guided surgical resection of colorectal cancer, significantly prolonging survival <em>in vivo.</em></div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (192KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 19","pages":"Pages 4912-4916"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2026.07.061
Yue Wang, Min Yang, Bao-Yue Zhang, Mei-Tang Peng, Yi-Qun Sun, Shi-Kun Zhou, Wei Li, Xian-Zhu Yang, Shi-Dang Xu, Zi-Dong Lu, Cong-Fei Xu, Jun Wang
Cancer vaccines hold strong therapeutic promise, but their development is often hindered by the need to identify effective tumor antigens—a challenge amplified by tumor heterogeneity. Here, we report a tumor-confined nano-activator (iCLANTSP-SAg) that circumvents antigen dependence by driving localized expression of bacterial superantigens (SAgs) within tumors. This platform integrates tumor-specific promoter-driven SAg plasmids with lipid-assisted polymeric nanoparticles to enable efficient cytosolic delivery and tumor-restricted SAg production. The locally expressed SAgs elicit broad, antigen-independent activation of intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through direct crosslinking of T-cell receptors and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. By confining SAg expression to the tumor site, iCLANTSP-SAg minimizes systemic T-cell activation and off-target toxicity. When co-administered with anti-PD-1 antibodies, iCLANTSP-SAg eliminates established tumors in two-thirds of treated mice and induces durable immune memory that confers complete protection upon rechallenge. This strategy offers a potent and clinically translatable solution to the central challenge of antigen identification in cancer vaccine development.
{"title":"Tumor-confined nano-activators for antigen-independent broad activation of tumor-infiltrating T cells","authors":"Yue Wang, Min Yang, Bao-Yue Zhang, Mei-Tang Peng, Yi-Qun Sun, Shi-Kun Zhou, Wei Li, Xian-Zhu Yang, Shi-Dang Xu, Zi-Dong Lu, Cong-Fei Xu, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.07.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2026.07.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer vaccines hold strong therapeutic promise, but their development is often hindered by the need to identify effective tumor antigens—a challenge amplified by tumor heterogeneity. Here, we report a tumor-confined nano-activator (iCLAN<sub>TSP-SAg</sub>) that circumvents antigen dependence by driving localized expression of bacterial superantigens (SAgs) within tumors. This platform integrates tumor-specific promoter-driven SAg plasmids with lipid-assisted polymeric nanoparticles to enable efficient cytosolic delivery and tumor-restricted SAg production. The locally expressed SAgs elicit broad, antigen-independent activation of intratumoral CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells through direct crosslinking of T-cell receptors and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. By confining SAg expression to the tumor site, iCLAN<sub>TSP-SAg</sub> minimizes systemic T-cell activation and off-target toxicity. When co-administered with anti-PD-1 antibodies, iCLAN<sub>TSP-SAg</sub> eliminates established tumors in two-thirds of treated mice and induces durable immune memory that confers complete protection upon rechallenge. This strategy offers a potent and clinically translatable solution to the central challenge of antigen identification in cancer vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"71 19","pages":"Pages 5012-5025"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：