Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

With the rising demand for integrated, flexible, and self-powered systems in wearable electronics, the separation of energy storage and electroluminescent functionalities has become a critical bottleneck limiting their practical application. This study presents an innovative alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) zinc-ion battery (ZIB) bifunctional fiber electrode (AZ-fiber electrode), fabricated through electrospinning, which integrates conventional electroluminescent materials (ZnS:Cu, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) into a nanofiber layer. Notably, the cross-linking agent in PDMS facilitates the binding of zinc to the nanofiber layer, whereas the modified hydrogel electrolyte enables functional switching. In the context of ZIBs, the photo-initiator composite hydrogel electrolyte significantly enhances Zn²⁺ migration and suppresses dendrite formation. The symmetric cells exhibit an exceptional cycle life of 2000 h (1100 h for fiber cells), along with a high volumetric capacity of 180 mAh cm⁻³ and an energy density of 311.56 mWh cm⁻³. For the alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) device, the thermal initiator ensures phase separation, preserving the integrity of the bifunctional layers and achieving a maximum brightness of 120 cd m⁻². The AZ-Fiber Device is constructed by sharing the battery anode as a common electrode for both the ZIBs and the ACEL, enabling seamless integration. Furthermore, the AZ-Fiber Device can be woven into textiles, with customizable patterns. By incorporating a direct current/alternating current‌ (DC/AC) converter chip, textiles achieve self-powered luminescence. This integrated AZ-Fiber Device, which combines high energy capacity with substantial flexibility, provides a promising platform for wearable energy-luminescence applications.

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In situ tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) present significant potential to address critical limitations of conventional replacements: suboptimal hemo-compatibility in mechanical valves and compromised durability in bio-prosthetic valves, alongside their inherent inability to support growth and regeneration. However, current research predominantly employs single-scale fiber-based scaffolds with a focus on short-term outcomes, facing challenges in long-term mechanical instability and pathological remodeling. Herein, we propose an innovative mechano-immunological strategy to engineer a multiscale all-fiber TEHV scaffold, spanning drug-loaded polymer nanofibers to integrated “1D yarn–2D fabric–3D valve” via stepwise conjugate electrospinning–weaving–thermoforming assembly. Mechanical testing confirms that the hierarchically interlocked architecture exhibits excellent interfacial stability, anti-contraction capability, bending compliance, and wrinkle recovery at 1D/2D scales. The resultant 3D valve demonstrates ISO 5840-compliant hemodynamic performance while maintaining functional stability during progressive leaflet thickening. In vitro/in vivo biological evaluations further validate biosafety and concurrent functionalities: fibrotic capsule resistance, suppression of α-SMA-dominant pathological fibrosis, and M2 macrophage-polarization-driven anti-inflammatory remodeling. Collectively, this mechano-immunological combination strategy provides a potential pathway toward sustaining functional homeostasis in preclinical TEHV development.

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The development of dental resin composites (DRCs) with high mechanical performance remains a significant challenge due to the weak filler-matrix interfacial bonding. Herein, we proposed a rational strategy for interfacial reinforcement by grafting methacrylate-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) onto the thiolated short quartz fibers (SQFs-SH) via the thiol-ene click chemistry. The resulting surface-functionalized fibers (P_xSQFs) exhibited tunable grafted layer thicknesses by controlling the thiol concentration, where P_0.33SQFs showed the roughest surface (Ra = 17.92 nm) and the optimal grafted thickness (0.86 μm). All P_xSQFs were incorporated into the Bis-GMA-based matrix and photopolymerized by visible light to fabricate dental composites. Among all materials, the developed P_0.33SQFs-filled DRCs (P_0.33SQFs-DRCs) exhibited the highest flexural strength and modulus, fracture toughness, and fracture work, which were increased by 64.8, 123.3, 51.2, and 118.7%, respectively, over the unmodified SQFs-filled composites (p < 0.05, n = 6). Meanwhile, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to elucidate the mechanical performance and interfacial behavior of P_xSQFs-DRCs, using the Gromacs-4.6.7 software package and a general AMBER force field. The results revealed that P_0.33SQFs-DRCs exhibited the strongest interfacial adhesion, the highest resistance during the fiber pull-out process, and the maximum stress response under both longitudinal and transverse uniaxial tension models. In vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility assessments confirmed that this P_0.33SQFs-DRCs material showed no adverse effects. This work provides a multiscale construction strategy for fiber surface functionalization and combines experimental and simulation studies on the interfacial behaviors of dental composites, which can offer a design guidance for the next-generation of dental materials with enhanced mechanical reliability and clinical safety.

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Thermal management and moisture transport are of paramount importance for human comfort when developing next-generation high-performance fabrics. However, most flexible radiative cooling materials fail to achieve broad-spectrum solar thermal regulation while neglecting human moisture comfort, leading to compromised cooling efficiency. Herein, we fabricate a hierarchical gradient structured fabric (SPRF) that mitigates challenges with both thermal management and moisture transport. The hierarchical gradient structure enables broadband scattering across the entire solar spectrum, thereby enhancing radiative cooling performance, and concurrently facilitates directional water transport to deliver additional evaporative cooling. With a reflection of 94.2% and an emission of 96.7%, SPRF achieved sub-ambient radiative cooling temperature of 4.4 ℃. In addition, the SPRF achieved a cooling temperature of 9.2 ℃ via the synergistic integration of radiative and evaporative cooling. In summary, the SPRF employs a dual strategy of radiative cooling and rapid perspiration, paving the way for the development of next-generation human thermal management materials.

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Within the framework of smart health, personal thermal management wearables that combine radiative cooling and heating are essential for countering dynamic temperature regulations. However, the integration of motion monitoring and activity analysis functionalities into such systems for extended outdoor use remains challenging. Herein, a dual-modulated natural skin-derived composite (DM-Skin) was tailored via in situ electrospinning of a polyurethane/SiO₂ fibrous membrane (RCFM) and vapor-deposition polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on both sides of a natural skin-derived material (N-Skin), achieving switchable solar modulation that combines radiative cooling and heating. DM-Skin demonstrated exceptional thermal regulation with 19.3 °C cooling and 14.3 °C heating under 980 W·m⁻² solar irradiance, attributed to the high solar reflectivity (94%) and mid-infrared emissivity (96%) of the cooling side, and strong solar absorptivity (93%) of the heating side. The net cooling power and heating power reached 99.2 W/m² and 770.8 W/m². With the help of enhanced triboelectric charge modulation, DM-Skin triboelectric nanogenerator gained high output performance with an open-circuit voltage of 168.5 V, a short-circuit current of 4.2 μA, and a transfer charge of 59.2 nC, enabling self-powered operation of small electronics, and human motion monitoring. This performance originated from the RCFM, which enhanced charge generation, and the regional incorporation of PPy in N-Skin improved the charge capture and storage capacity. DM-Skin maintained excellent breathability, softness, and mechanical properties comparable to those of conventional leather. This study contributes to the development of next-generation wearable devices that provide satisfactory thermal comfort and human health monitoring.

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Thermal rectification materials, requiring nanoscale asymmetric structures, are essential for enhancing energy efficiency and thermal management. However, their development is hindered by limited tunability, size dependence, and complex manufacturing. To overcome these challenges, this theoretical study employs a nanoscale weaving approach, integrating machine learning and molecular dynamics simulations to design graphene nanoribbon-based asymmetric structures. The resulting infinite periodic woven system eliminates size effects while dynamically tuning the interface coupling strength, constraint ratio, and interlayer distance, achieving precise control of heat flow while preserving the intrinsic material properties of the building units. This strategy is predicted to achieve a thermal rectification ratio of 0.34 ~ 2.68, and the control range is 1.8 times higher than that of existing materials. The rectifying woven material is theoretically predicted to enhance the chip heat dissipation efficiency by 50%, the thermal regulation efficiency of smart clothing by 47%, and the cooling efficiency of buildings by 13%. This work establishes a predictive theoretical framework and design blueprint that paves the way for future experimental realization of widely tunable, size-independent thermal rectification nanomaterials.

Conventional microdiscectomy for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) effectively alleviates pain but fails to regenerate the annulus fibrosus (AF), resulting in an elevated risk of recurrent herniation and permanent disability. Moreover, the absence of reparative intervention, combined with aging-related inflammation, can exacerbate disc deterioration and degeneration. In this study, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed distinct cellular profiles in aging IVDH patients, which revealed marked reductions in both the cellular abundance and differentiation potential of senescent annulus fibrosus stem cells (AFSCs). To address this clinical need, we developed a parallel-oriented magnesium silicate (MgSiO₃) nanofiber patch (P-MgSi@TAT) for AF repair. The patch utilizes tannic acid (TA) to reversibly bind to transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3). The sandwich-like structure of MgSiO₃—composed of two Si‒O tetrahedral layers and a Mg²⁺ layer—promotes the release of Mg²⁺–TA–TGF-β3 in an acidic inflammatory microenvironment. In vitro, the parallel fiber architecture exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties and promoted M2 macrophage polarization via the TGF-β/YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. In addition, the cascade effect triggered by anti-inflammatory cytokines contributes to the alleviation of AFSCs senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism homeostasis. In vivo, P-MgSi@TAT supported ECM formation and restored biomechanical properties, thereby facilitating AF regeneration. Thus, this patch holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for AF regeneration, with the potential to reduce recurrent herniation risk, and warrants further clinical trials.

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The next generation of human–machine interfaces demands materials that can conform to skin, sustain large deformations, and transduce signals with both robustness and intelligence. Conventional hydrogels rarely satisfy all these requirements, being mechanically fragile or restricted to passive sensing. Here we present a bioinspired ionic hydrogel platform that integrates mechanical resilience, biomimetic design, and machine learning recognition, transforming soft matter into an intelligent interface. The hydrogel is engineered as a hierarchical double network of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) crystallites and cellulose nanofiber scaffolds, dynamically bridged by tannic acid–ion complexes and hydrated with glycerol. This architecture provides a tensile strength of 1.46 MPa at 481% elongation and a compressive modulus of 17.1 MPa. The hydrogel exhibits rapid response and recovery times of 74 and 55 ms under 30 kPa pressure and maintains stable relative resistance signals through 1000 compression cycles. Its intrinsic adhesion ensures conformal integration with skin for reliable monitoring of joint bending, posture, and subtle gestures, while biomimetic hydrogel ropes emulate muscle fibers to dissipate energy and maintain fatigue-resistant performance during large-amplitude motion. Beyond physical sensing, coupling the hydrogel with a pressure-sensing keyboard and a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional neural network enables keystroke dynamics to be classified with 95.2% accuracy, robust across 30–70% relative humidity and 16–32 °C. These results establish a multifunctional hydrogel platform that combines toughness, adhesion, and signal intelligence, paving the way for wearable sensors, posture monitoring, and secure digital interfaces.

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Wound treatment is a major global clinical challenge associated with substantial economic burden and a negative impact on patient quality. The clinical translation of advanced wound dressings is hindered by fabrication complexity for exudate control and the inadequacy of single-point sensors. Here, a smart fibrous platform consisting of a fibrous membrane and a wireless five-channel optoelectronic circuit was proposed for directional exudate transport, real-time spatial pH monitoring, and wound-healing promotion. Inspired by vascular plants, the gradient hierarchically designed fibrous membrane composed of polycaprolactone, collagen, and anthocyanin was fabricated through a single-solution continuous electrospinning process by adjusting spinning flow rate and driving directional exudate transport from the wound to the exterior. The anthocyanin color changes were converted to voltage by a wireless five-channel optoelectronic circuit, enabling spatial pH monitoring in the pH range of 3–11 with a sensitivity of 37 mV/pH and allowing for the early detection of wound infection by capturing its unique early peripheral alkalinization. The platform also demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility with potent antibacterial efficacy (> 97%). In vivo assays and histopathological studies suggest that the platform accelerates wound closure by about 17.5% over commercial gauze while promoting collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and inflammatory factors expression reduction. By unifying an engineered exudate management mechanism with spatially resolved diagnostics and bioactive therapy, this work offers a new paradigm for the rational design of intelligent wound care platforms.

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We report self-sacrificial in situ synthesis of a Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst Fe₃(PO₄)₂/MIL–88B(Fe)–NH₂ that shares a common metal component, where the Fe fiber substrate serves dually as the structural support and metal precursor. The resulting heterojunction fiber composite, noted as Fe/MIL–NH₂@fiber, demonstrates efficient charge separation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in which MIL–88B(Fe)–NH₂ drives superoxide radical ((cdot {text{O}}_{2}^{ - })) formation while Fe₃(PO₄)₂ contributes to hydroxyl radical (·OH⁻) production. This study primarily focuses on the removal of formaldehyde (HCHO) as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) to explore how the developed Fe/MIL–NH₂@fiber platform achieves a humidity-adaptive removal process. Fe/MIL–NH₂@fiber exhibits notable performance in HCHO removal through a synergistic process of adsorption and photodegradation. Humidity plays a crucial role in mediating the interactions between the porous photocatalyst and HCHO, where excessive relative humidity (90% RH) suppresses adsorption but simultaneously enhances photodegradation by facilitating ·OH⁻ generation. Kinetic analyses reveal that adsorption proceeds faster than photodegradation, suggesting that the metal–organic framework (MOF)-integrated heterojunction is an advantageous solution for VOC removal, benefiting from a dual-action mechanism where immediate capture is complemented by permanent oxidative removal. Notably, the developed Fe/MIL–NH₂@fiber demonstrated a removal efficiency greater than 85% after three consecutive cycles, highlighting its robustness and potential for long-term applications under varying humidity conditions. This work offers design principles applicable to MOF-integrated photocatalysts for step-forward air purification in practical scenarios.

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