首页 > 最新文献

Global Health Action最新文献

英文 中文
Analysis of Iranian health workforce emigration based on a system dynamics approach: a study protocol. 基于系统动力学方法的伊朗卫生工作者移民分析:研究方案。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2370095
Hamideh Keyvani, Reza Majdzadeh, Esmaeil Khedmati Morasae, Leila Doshmangir

Background: Emigration of health workers has emerged as a significant obstacle in Iran, compelling policymakers to implement a diverse range of interventions and reforms to enhance healthcare services. It is imperative to comprehend the efficacy of emigration control interventions. To explore the intricate dynamics of elite emigration, this study employs a system dynamics modeling approach. The objective is to scrutinize Iranian health workers' emigration, examine the relationships, and evaluate the impact of various factors involved.

Objectives: The general purpose of this study is to analyze the policy interventions affecting the emigration of human resources in the field of health in Iran based on the system's dynamic approach.

Method: The research consists of four phases including analyzing the emigration status of health workers in developing countries, studying health personnel emigration in Iran, developing a System Dynamics (SD) model, and determining evidence-based policy interventions to address health worker emigration. These phases involve realist review, document analysis, qualitative interviews, data integration, and policy scenario planning. The primary objective is to gain a profound understanding of the underlying causes, mechanisms, and consequences of migration, as well as assess the impact of policies, in order to prioritize effective interventions.

Results: It seems that the SD model developed in this study can highlight the interconnectedness of various factors that influence health worker emigration, including demographic changes, economic conditions, and characteristics of healthcare systems.

Conclusion: This study uses a systems dynamics approach to analyze health worker emigration from Iran, focusing on policies that promote retention and explore the implications of emigration on the healthcare system. By examining interrelationships and feedback loops within the healthcare system and socioeconomic factors, the study aims to identify effective policy interventions that can mitigate the negative effects of emigration.

背景:卫生工作者移民已成为伊朗的一个重大障碍,迫使政策制定者实施各种干预措施和改革,以加强医疗保健服务。当务之急是了解移民控制干预措施的效果。为探索精英移民的复杂动态,本研究采用了系统动力学建模方法。目的是仔细研究伊朗卫生工作者的移民情况,考察其中的关系,并评估各种相关因素的影响:本研究的总体目的是基于系统动力学方法,分析影响伊朗卫生领域人力资源移民的政策干预:研究分为四个阶段,包括分析发展中国家卫生工作者的移民状况、研究伊朗卫生人员的移民情况、建立系统动力学(SD)模型以及确定循证政策干预措施以解决卫生工作者移民问题。这些阶段包括现实主义审查、文件分析、定性访谈、数据整合和政策情景规划。主要目的是深刻理解移民的根本原因、机制和后果,评估政策的影响,以便优先采取有效的干预措施:结果:本研究中开发的 SD 模型似乎可以突出影响卫生工作者移民的各种因素之间的相互联系,包括人口变化、经济条件和医疗保健系统的特点:本研究采用系统动力学方法分析伊朗卫生工作者的移民情况,重点关注促进留住卫生工作者的政策,并探讨移民对医疗保健系统的影响。通过研究医疗保健系统和社会经济因素之间的相互关系和反馈回路,本研究旨在确定有效的政策干预措施,以减轻移民的负面影响。
{"title":"Analysis of Iranian health workforce emigration based on a system dynamics approach: a study protocol.","authors":"Hamideh Keyvani, Reza Majdzadeh, Esmaeil Khedmati Morasae, Leila Doshmangir","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2370095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2370095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emigration of health workers has emerged as a significant obstacle in Iran, compelling policymakers to implement a diverse range of interventions and reforms to enhance healthcare services. It is imperative to comprehend the efficacy of emigration control interventions. To explore the intricate dynamics of elite emigration, this study employs a system dynamics modeling approach. The objective is to scrutinize Iranian health workers' emigration, examine the relationships, and evaluate the impact of various factors involved.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The general purpose of this study is to analyze the policy interventions affecting the emigration of human resources in the field of health in Iran based on the system's dynamic approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The research consists of four phases including analyzing the emigration status of health workers in developing countries, studying health personnel emigration in Iran, developing a System Dynamics (SD) model, and determining evidence-based policy interventions to address health worker emigration. These phases involve realist review, document analysis, qualitative interviews, data integration, and policy scenario planning. The primary objective is to gain a profound understanding of the underlying causes, mechanisms, and consequences of migration, as well as assess the impact of policies, in order to prioritize effective interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It seems that the SD model developed in this study can highlight the interconnectedness of various factors that influence health worker emigration, including demographic changes, economic conditions, and characteristics of healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study uses a systems dynamics approach to analyze health worker emigration from Iran, focusing on policies that promote retention and explore the implications of emigration on the healthcare system. By examining interrelationships and feedback loops within the healthcare system and socioeconomic factors, the study aims to identify effective policy interventions that can mitigate the negative effects of emigration.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2370095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The perception of air pollution and its health risk: a scoping review of measures and methods. 对空气污染及其健康风险的认识:措施和方法的范围审查。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2370100
Zeinab Bahrami, Satomi Sato, Zhesi Yang, Monali Maiti, Paoin Kanawat, Tomohiro Umemura, Kazunari Onishi, Hiroaki Terasaki, Tomoki Nakayama, Yutaka Matsumi, Kayo Ueda

Background: Although there is increasing awareness of the health risks of air pollution as a global issue, few studies have focused on the methods for assessing individuals' perceptions of these risks. This scoping review aimed to identify previous research evaluating individuals' perceptions of air pollution and its health effects, and to explore the measurement of perceptions, as a key resource for health behaviour.

Methods: The review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. PubMed and Web of Science were searched. After initial and full-text screening, we further selected studies with standardised scales that had previously been tested for reliability and validity in assessing awareness and perceptions.

Results: After full-text screening, 95 studies were identified. 'Perception/awareness of air quality' was often measured, as well as 'Perception of health risk.' Only nine studies (9.5%) used validated scaled questionnaires. There was considerable variation in the scales used to measure the multiple dimensions of risk perception for air pollution.

Conclusion: Few studies used structured scales to quantify individuals' perceptions, limiting comparisons among studies. Standardised methods for measuring health risk perception are needed.

背景:尽管人们越来越意识到空气污染的健康风险是一个全球性问题,但很少有研究关注评估个人对这些风险的看法的方法。本范围综述旨在确定以往评估个人对空气污染及其健康影响的看法的研究,并探讨作为健康行为关键资源的看法的测量方法:综述遵循 Arksey 和 O'Malley 提出的方法框架。对 PubMed 和 Web of Science 进行了检索。经过初步筛选和全文筛选后,我们进一步选择了使用标准化量表的研究,这些量表在评估意识和观念方面的可靠性和有效性之前已经过测试:经过全文筛选,确定了 95 项研究。对空气质量的感知/认知 "以及 "对健康风险的感知 "经常被测量。只有 9 项研究(9.5%)使用了经过验证的量表问卷。用于测量空气污染风险感知多个维度的量表差异很大:很少有研究使用结构化量表来量化个人感知,这限制了研究间的比较。测量健康风险认知需要标准化的方法。
{"title":"The perception of air pollution and its health risk: a scoping review of measures and methods.","authors":"Zeinab Bahrami, Satomi Sato, Zhesi Yang, Monali Maiti, Paoin Kanawat, Tomohiro Umemura, Kazunari Onishi, Hiroaki Terasaki, Tomoki Nakayama, Yutaka Matsumi, Kayo Ueda","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2370100","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2370100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although there is increasing awareness of the health risks of air pollution as a global issue, few studies have focused on the methods for assessing individuals' perceptions of these risks. This scoping review aimed to identify previous research evaluating individuals' perceptions of air pollution and its health effects, and to explore the measurement of perceptions, as a key resource for health behaviour.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. PubMed and Web of Science were searched. After initial and full-text screening, we further selected studies with standardised scales that had previously been tested for reliability and validity in assessing awareness and perceptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After full-text screening, 95 studies were identified. 'Perception/awareness of air quality' was often measured, as well as 'Perception of health risk.' Only nine studies (9.5%) used validated scaled questionnaires. There was considerable variation in the scales used to measure the multiple dimensions of risk perception for air pollution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few studies used structured scales to quantify individuals' perceptions, limiting comparisons among studies. Standardised methods for measuring health risk perception are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2370100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A framework for chronic care quality: results of a scoping review and Delphi survey. 慢性病护理质量框架:范围审查和德尔菲调查的结果。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2422170
Grace Marie V Ku, Willem Van De Put, Deogratias Katsuva, Mohamad Ali Ag Ahmed, Megumi Rosenberg, Bruno Meessen

Frameworks conceptualising the quality of care abound and vary; some concentrate on specific aspects such as safety, effectiveness, others all-encompassing. However, to our knowledge, tailoring to systematically arrive at a comprehensive care for chronic conditions quality (CCCQ) framework has never been done. We conducted a scoping review and Delphi survey to produce a CCCQ framework, comprehensively delineating aims, determinants and measurable attributes. With the assumption that specific groups (people with chronic conditions, care providers, financiers, policy-makers, etc.) view quality of care differently, we analysed 48 scientific and 26 grey literature deductively and inductively using the Institute of Medicine's quality of care framework as the foundation. We produced a zero-version of the quality of chronic care framework, detailing aims, healthcare system determinants, and measurement mechanisms. This was presented in a Delphi survey to 49 experts with diverse chronic care expertise/experience around the world. Consensus was obtained after the first round, with the panel providing suggestions and justifications to expand the agreed-upon components. Through this exercise, a comprehensive CCCQ framework encompassing the journey through healthcare of people with chronic conditions was developed. The framework specifies seven CCCQ 'aims' and identifies health system determinants which can be acted upon with 'organising principles' and measured through chronic care quality 'attributes' related to structures, processes and outcomes. Tailoring quality of care based on the nature of the diseases/conditions and considering different views can be done to ensure a comprehensive offer of healthcare services, and towards better outcomes that are acceptable to both the health system and people with chronic conditions (PwCC).

将护理质量概念化的框架比比皆是,而且各不相同;有的侧重于特定方面,如安全性和有效性,有的则包罗万象。然而,据我们所知,还从未有人对慢性病综合护理质量(CCCQ)框架进行过系统的定制。我们进行了范围界定审查和德尔菲调查,以制定 CCCQ 框架,全面划分目标、决定因素和可衡量属性。我们假定特定群体(慢性病患者、医疗服务提供者、金融家、政策制定者等)对医疗质量有不同的看法,因此以医学研究所的医疗质量框架为基础,对 48 篇科学文献和 26 篇灰色文献进行了演绎和归纳分析。我们制定了零版慢性病护理质量框架,详细说明了目标、医疗保健系统决定因素和衡量机制。在德尔菲调查中,我们向全球 49 位具有不同慢性病护理专业知识/经验的专家介绍了这一框架。第一轮调查结束后,专家小组达成了共识,并提出了建议和理由,以扩展商定的组成部分。通过这项工作,制定了一个全面的 CCCQ 框架,涵盖了慢性病患者的医疗保健过程。该框架明确了七项 CCCQ "目标",并确定了医疗系统的决定因素,这些因素可通过 "组织原则 "加以落实,并通过与结构、流程和结果相关的慢性病护理质量 "属性 "加以衡量。可以根据疾病/病症的性质和不同的观点来调整护理质量,以确保提供全面的医疗保健服务,并取得医疗系统和慢性病患者(PwCC)都能接受的更好结果。
{"title":"A framework for chronic care quality: results of a scoping review and Delphi survey.","authors":"Grace Marie V Ku, Willem Van De Put, Deogratias Katsuva, Mohamad Ali Ag Ahmed, Megumi Rosenberg, Bruno Meessen","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2422170","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2422170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frameworks conceptualising the quality of care abound and vary; some concentrate on specific aspects such as safety, effectiveness, others all-encompassing. However, to our knowledge, tailoring to systematically arrive at a comprehensive care for chronic conditions quality (CCCQ) framework has never been done. We conducted a scoping review and Delphi survey to produce a CCCQ framework, comprehensively delineating aims, determinants and measurable attributes. With the assumption that specific groups (people with chronic conditions, care providers, financiers, policy-makers, etc.) view quality of care differently, we analysed 48 scientific and 26 grey literature deductively and inductively using the Institute of Medicine's quality of care framework as the foundation. We produced a zero-version of the quality of chronic care framework, detailing aims, healthcare system determinants, and measurement mechanisms. This was presented in a Delphi survey to 49 experts with diverse chronic care expertise/experience around the world. Consensus was obtained after the first round, with the panel providing suggestions and justifications to expand the agreed-upon components. Through this exercise, a comprehensive CCCQ framework encompassing the journey through healthcare of people with chronic conditions was developed. The framework specifies seven CCCQ 'aims' and identifies health system determinants which can be acted upon with 'organising principles' and measured through chronic care quality 'attributes' related to structures, processes and outcomes. Tailoring quality of care based on the nature of the diseases/conditions and considering different views can be done to ensure a comprehensive offer of healthcare services, and towards better outcomes that are acceptable to both the health system and people with chronic conditions (PwCC).</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2422170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond buzzwords: fostering interdisciplinary and collaborative global health research in Germany and beyond. 超越流行语:在德国和其他国家促进跨学科和协作性全球健康研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2408884
Maeve Cook-Deegan, Kerem Böge, Walter Bruchhausen, Mizeck Chagunda, Medha Chaturvedi, Meral Esen, Johanna Hanefeld, Beate Kampmann, Carsten Köhler, Charlotte Köhler, Francis Osei, Clarissa Prazeres da Costa, Eva Rehfuess, Thirumalaisamy P Velavan, Nora Anton

Background: Germany has increased its political and financial commitment for global health, but this needs to be backed by a robust global health research ecosystem with strong partnerships in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective: This article suggests pathways for empowering researchers to operate beyond their disciplinary silos and strengthen partnerships across sectors and countries. The authors identify barriers and enablers of operations from a nascent research network in Germany, trusting that this experience can inform other initiatives seeking to stoke interdisciplinary and collaborative global health research.

Methods: This article represents the culmination of extensive reflections spanning the initial four years of the German Alliance for Global Health Research (GLOHRA). The insights have additionally been informed by an analysis of publicly available reports, internal procedural records, and externally conducted studies based on interviews with researchers and policymakers.

Results: GLOHRA has developed a toolbox of practices that foster interdisciplinary research and support capacity-building. Insights indicate that highly interdisciplinary and diverse governance structures and seed-funding for interdisciplinary and cross-sector research with appropriate review processes represent a critical step for achieving these aims. Additionally, inclusive training sessions and networking events help to bridge disciplinary boundaries, equipping researchers to envision the broader context of their work.

Conclusions: Despite achievements, challenges persist. Wider support, especially from universities and research institutions, is necessary to make global health research an attractive career path and to reduce bureaucratic barriers for collaborators in LMICs. Sustained, longer-term federal funding mechanisms will also be essential for ongoing progress.

背景:德国加大了对全球卫生事业的政治和财政投入,但这需要在中低收入国家(LMICs)建立一个强大的全球卫生研究生态系统,并建立强有力的合作伙伴关系:本文提出了增强研究人员能力的途径,使其能够超越学科孤岛,加强跨部门和跨国家的伙伴关系。作者从德国的一个新兴研究网络中找出了运作的障碍和促进因素,相信这些经验可以为其他寻求促进跨学科和协作性全球健康研究的倡议提供借鉴:本文是德国全球健康研究联盟(GLOHRA)最初四年广泛思考的结晶。此外,本文还分析了公开报告、内部程序记录以及基于对研究人员和政策制定者的访谈而开展的外部研究:GLOHRA 开发了一个促进跨学科研究和支持能力建设的实践工具箱。深入研究表明,高度跨学科和多样化的管理结构,以及为跨学科和跨部门研究提供种子资金,并辅以适当的审查程序,是实现这些目标的关键步骤。此外,包容性的培训课程和网络活动有助于弥合学科界限,使研究人员有能力设想其工作的更广泛背景:尽管取得了一些成绩,但挑战依然存在。要使全球健康研究成为一条有吸引力的职业道路,并减少低收入和中等收入国家合作者面临的官僚障碍,就需要更广泛的支持,特别是来自大学和研究机构的支持。持续、长期的联邦资助机制对于不断取得进展也至关重要。
{"title":"Beyond buzzwords: fostering interdisciplinary and collaborative global health research in Germany and beyond.","authors":"Maeve Cook-Deegan, Kerem Böge, Walter Bruchhausen, Mizeck Chagunda, Medha Chaturvedi, Meral Esen, Johanna Hanefeld, Beate Kampmann, Carsten Köhler, Charlotte Köhler, Francis Osei, Clarissa Prazeres da Costa, Eva Rehfuess, Thirumalaisamy P Velavan, Nora Anton","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2408884","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2408884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Germany has increased its political and financial commitment for global health, but this needs to be backed by a robust global health research ecosystem with strong partnerships in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article suggests pathways for empowering researchers to operate beyond their disciplinary silos and strengthen partnerships across sectors and countries. The authors identify barriers and enablers of operations from a nascent research network in Germany, trusting that this experience can inform other initiatives seeking to stoke interdisciplinary and collaborative global health research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article represents the culmination of extensive reflections spanning the initial four years of the German Alliance for Global Health Research (GLOHRA). The insights have additionally been informed by an analysis of publicly available reports, internal procedural records, and externally conducted studies based on interviews with researchers and policymakers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLOHRA has developed a toolbox of practices that foster interdisciplinary research and support capacity-building. Insights indicate that highly interdisciplinary and diverse governance structures and seed-funding for interdisciplinary and cross-sector research with appropriate review processes represent a critical step for achieving these aims. Additionally, inclusive training sessions and networking events help to bridge disciplinary boundaries, equipping researchers to envision the broader context of their work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite achievements, challenges persist. Wider support, especially from universities and research institutions, is necessary to make global health research an attractive career path and to reduce bureaucratic barriers for collaborators in LMICs. Sustained, longer-term federal funding mechanisms will also be essential for ongoing progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2408884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring influencing factors affecting mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. 测量 COVID-19 大流行期间影响死亡率的影响因素。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2428067
Jih-Shong Wu, Kuo-Kuang Huang

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed clear deficiencies in global public health policies and healthcare systems when confronted with the emergence of a novel and deadly infectious disease.

Objectives: With 4 years elapsed since the onset of the pandemic, ample data now exist to analyse the associations between the implementation of diverse public health policies, sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 mortality rates.

Methods: This study utilised the dataset compiled by 'Our World in Data' spanning the period of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. Stochastic frontier analysis was employed to assess the influencing factors and their relationship with mortality rates resulting from COVID-19 infections across 156 countries or regions.

Results: This study yielded several key findings: (1) There remains a 33% margin for improvement in the global mortality rate concerning the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) During the initial stage of the pandemic, when an effective vaccine was not yet available, implementing public health control policies could reduce both the infection and mortality rates; (3) Areas characterised by higher population densities, a greater proportion of individuals aged 65 and over, and elevated prevalence rates of diabetes demonstrated higher mortality rates; and (4) Increasing vaccination coverage emerged as an effective strategy for reducing mortality rates.

Conclusions: As our understanding of the COVID-19 virus improves, global economies and social interactions have gradually returned to normality. It is anticipated that the findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference in combating potential future pandemics caused by unknown viruses.

背景:COVID-19 大流行暴露了全球公共卫生政策和医疗保健系统在面对新型致命传染病时存在的明显缺陷:目标:疫情爆发至今已有 4 年,目前已有大量数据可用于分析各种公共卫生政策的实施情况、社会人口因素和 COVID-19 死亡率之间的关联:本研究利用 "数据中的我们的世界 "编制的数据集,时间跨度为 COVID-19 大流行期间的 2020 年至 2022 年。采用随机前沿分析法评估影响因素及其与 156 个国家或地区 COVID-19 感染死亡率之间的关系:这项研究得出了几项重要发现:(1) COVID-19 大流行导致的全球死亡率仍有 33% 的改善空间;(2) 在大流行初期,当有效疫苗尚未问世时,实施公共卫生控制政策可降低感染率和死亡率;(3) 人口密度较高、65 岁及以上人口比例较大、糖尿病患病率较高的地区死亡率较高;(4) 提高疫苗接种覆盖率是降低死亡率的有效策略。结论:随着我们对 COVID-19 病毒认识的加深,全球经济和社会互动已逐渐恢复正常。预计本研究的结果可作为应对未来由未知病毒引发的潜在流行病的宝贵参考。
{"title":"Measuring influencing factors affecting mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jih-Shong Wu, Kuo-Kuang Huang","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2428067","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2428067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed clear deficiencies in global public health policies and healthcare systems when confronted with the emergence of a novel and deadly infectious disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>With 4 years elapsed since the onset of the pandemic, ample data now exist to analyse the associations between the implementation of diverse public health policies, sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilised the dataset compiled by 'Our World in Data' spanning the period of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. Stochastic frontier analysis was employed to assess the influencing factors and their relationship with mortality rates resulting from COVID-19 infections across 156 countries or regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study yielded several key findings: (1) There remains a 33% margin for improvement in the global mortality rate concerning the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) During the initial stage of the pandemic, when an effective vaccine was not yet available, implementing public health control policies could reduce both the infection and mortality rates; (3) Areas characterised by higher population densities, a greater proportion of individuals aged 65 and over, and elevated prevalence rates of diabetes demonstrated higher mortality rates; and (4) Increasing vaccination coverage emerged as an effective strategy for reducing mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As our understanding of the COVID-19 virus improves, global economies and social interactions have gradually returned to normality. It is anticipated that the findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference in combating potential future pandemics caused by unknown viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2428067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overweight and obesity trends and associated factors among reproductive women in Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女的超重和肥胖趋势及相关因素。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2362728
Ermias Tadesse Beyene, Seungman Cha, Yan Jin

Background: In low- and middle-income countries, the double burden of malnutrition is prevalent. Many countries in Africa are currently confronted with overweight and obesity, particularly among women, coupled with an increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.

Objective: This study examines trends in overweight and obesity among Ethiopian women of reproductive age from 2005 to 2016, and identifies associated factors.

Methods: We used three consecutive datasets from 2005 (n = 14070), 2011 (n = 16515), and 2016 (n = 15683) demographic health survey years. Multilevel logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors among individual- and cluster-level variables.

Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive women in Ethiopia increased steadily from 6.09% in 2005 to 8.54% in 2011, and 10.16% in 2016. However, mixed patterns were observed among the regions of the country. We found that age, education, living in urban areas, and living in a rich community are associated with becoming overweight and obese. For instance, the odds of becoming overweight and obese among women aged 35-49 were higher than those among women aged 15-24 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.62, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:2.64-4.97). Women who completed secondary school have higher odds than those without formal education (OR = 1.64, 95% CI:1.19-2.26).

Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate trends in the nationwide prevalence of overweight and obesity and the associated factors among Ethiopian women. This study warrants further follow-up research to identify the pathways between overweight and obesity and their probable factors.

背景:中低收入国家普遍存在营养不良的双重负担。非洲许多国家目前都面临着超重和肥胖的问题,尤其是女性,同时非传染性疾病的发病率也在上升:本研究探讨了 2005 年至 2016 年埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女超重和肥胖的趋势,并确定了相关因素:我们使用了 2005 年(n = 14070)、2011 年(n = 16515)和 2016 年(n = 15683)人口健康调查年的三个连续数据集。采用多层次逻辑回归确定个人和群组变量中的决定因素:埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女的超重和肥胖患病率从2005年的6.09%稳步上升至2011年的8.54%和2016年的10.16%。然而,该国各地区的情况不尽相同。我们发现,年龄、受教育程度、生活在城市地区以及生活在富裕社区与超重和肥胖有关。例如,35-49 岁女性超重和肥胖的几率高于 15-24 岁女性(几率比 [OR] = 3.62,95% 置信区间 [CI]:2.64-4.97)。受过中学教育的女性比未受过正规教育的女性有更高的几率(OR = 1.64,95% 置信区间:1.19-2.26):据我们所知,这是第一项调查全国范围内埃塞俄比亚妇女超重和肥胖流行趋势及相关因素的研究。这项研究值得进一步跟进研究,以确定超重和肥胖及其可能因素之间的关系。
{"title":"Overweight and obesity trends and associated factors among reproductive women in Ethiopia.","authors":"Ermias Tadesse Beyene, Seungman Cha, Yan Jin","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2362728","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2362728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In low- and middle-income countries, the double burden of malnutrition is prevalent. Many countries in Africa are currently confronted with overweight and obesity, particularly among women, coupled with an increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines trends in overweight and obesity among Ethiopian women of reproductive age from 2005 to 2016, and identifies associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used three consecutive datasets from 2005 (<i>n</i> = 14070), 2011 (<i>n</i> = 16515), and 2016 (<i>n</i> = 15683) demographic health survey years. Multilevel logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors among individual- and cluster-level variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive women in Ethiopia increased steadily from 6.09% in 2005 to 8.54% in 2011, and 10.16% in 2016. However, mixed patterns were observed among the regions of the country. We found that age, education, living in urban areas, and living in a rich community are associated with becoming overweight and obese. For instance, the odds of becoming overweight and obese among women aged 35-49 were higher than those among women aged 15-24 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.62, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:2.64-4.97). Women who completed secondary school have higher odds than those without formal education (OR = 1.64, 95% CI:1.19-2.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate trends in the nationwide prevalence of overweight and obesity and the associated factors among Ethiopian women. This study warrants further follow-up research to identify the pathways between overweight and obesity and their probable factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2362728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11172244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does mistreatment during institutional childbirth increase the likelihood of experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms? A prospective cohort study in Nepal. 住院分娩期间的虐待是否会增加出现产后抑郁症状的可能性?尼泊尔的一项前瞻性队列研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2381312
Rejina Gurung, Miia Bask

Background: Postpartum depression is associated with low socioeconomic status, adverse birthing processes, and life stress. Increasing evidence of mistreatment during childbirth, negative birth experiences, and poor quality of maternal care is of global concern.

Objective: To assess the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms among postpartum women exposed to mistreatment during institutional birthing in Nepal.

Method: We conducted a prospective cohort study from 29 March to 19 August 2022. Of 1629 women who gave birth in a hospital in Nepal, 1222 were assessed for mistreatment during childbirth and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. We used binomial generalized linear mixed model to examine the risk ratio of postpartum depressive symptoms in women exposed to mistreatment during childbirth.

Results: The prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms was 4.4%. Women exposed to mistreatment during childbirth were almost fifty percent more likely to have postpartum depressive symptoms (cRR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14, 1.89; p = 0.003) compared with the unexposed group. Furthermore, adolescent mothers exposed to mistreatment during childbirth had a seventy percent increased risk of depressive symptoms (aRR 1.72; 95% CI 1.23, 2.41; p = 0.002). Similarly, women who gave birth to female infants were thirty percent more likely to experience postpartum depressive symptoms (aRR 1.32; 95% CI 1.01-1.74; p = 0.039).

Conclusion: We observed an association between postpartum depressive symptoms and mistreatment during institutional births in Nepal. The implementation of appropriate respectful maternity care during childbirth and also routine screening for depressive symptoms is critical to improving perinatal mental health and well-being.

背景:产后抑郁症与社会经济地位低下、不利的分娩过程和生活压力有关。越来越多的证据表明,分娩过程中的虐待、负面的分娩经历和低质量的产妇护理是全球关注的问题:评估尼泊尔在住院分娩期间遭受虐待的产后妇女出现抑郁症状的风险:我们在 2022 年 3 月 29 日至 8 月 19 日期间进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。在尼泊尔一家医院分娩的 1629 名产妇中,有 1222 人接受了分娩期间虐待和抑郁症状评估(使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表)。我们使用二项式广义线性混合模型研究了在分娩过程中受到虐待的产妇出现产后抑郁症状的风险比:结果:产后抑郁症状的发生率为 4.4%。与未受虐待组相比,在分娩过程中遭受虐待的妇女出现产后抑郁症状的几率几乎高出 50%(cRR 1.47;95% CI 1.14,1.89;p = 0.003)。此外,在分娩过程中受到虐待的未成年母亲出现抑郁症状的风险增加了 70%(aRR 1.72;95% CI 1.23,2.41;p = 0.002)。同样,生下女婴的妇女出现产后抑郁症状的几率要高出 30%(aRR 1.32;95% CI 1.01-1.74;p = 0.039):我们观察到产后抑郁症状与尼泊尔住院分娩期间的虐待之间存在关联。在分娩过程中实施适当的尊重产妇的护理,以及对抑郁症状进行常规筛查,对于改善围产期心理健康和福祉至关重要。
{"title":"Does mistreatment during institutional childbirth increase the likelihood of experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms? A prospective cohort study in Nepal.","authors":"Rejina Gurung, Miia Bask","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2381312","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2381312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum depression is associated with low socioeconomic status, adverse birthing processes, and life stress. Increasing evidence of mistreatment during childbirth, negative birth experiences, and poor quality of maternal care is of global concern.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms among postpartum women exposed to mistreatment during institutional birthing in Nepal.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study from 29 March to 19 August 2022. Of 1629 women who gave birth in a hospital in Nepal, 1222 were assessed for mistreatment during childbirth and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. We used binomial generalized linear mixed model to examine the risk ratio of postpartum depressive symptoms in women exposed to mistreatment during childbirth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms was 4.4%. Women exposed to mistreatment during childbirth were almost fifty percent more likely to have postpartum depressive symptoms (cRR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14, 1.89; <i>p</i> = 0.003) compared with the unexposed group. Furthermore, adolescent mothers exposed to mistreatment during childbirth had a seventy percent increased risk of depressive symptoms (aRR 1.72; 95% CI 1.23, 2.41; <i>p = 0.002</i>). Similarly, women who gave birth to female infants were thirty percent more likely to experience postpartum depressive symptoms (aRR 1.32; 95% CI 1.01-1.74; <i>p = 0.039</i>).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed an association between postpartum depressive symptoms and mistreatment during institutional births in Nepal. The implementation of appropriate respectful maternity care during childbirth and also routine screening for depressive symptoms is critical to improving perinatal mental health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2381312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The pioneers of Vietnam's epidemiological transition: an ethnographic study of pregnant women's experiences of gestational diabetes. 越南流行病转型的先驱:对孕妇妊娠糖尿病经历的人种学研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2341521
Tine M Gammeltoft, Thi Ai Nguyen, Thi Kim Dung, Ngoc-Anh Thi Dang, Thi Minh Phuong Nguyen, Van Tien Nguyen, Ib C Bygbjerg

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an abnormal glucose metabolism diagnosed during pregnancy that can have serious adverse consequences for mother and child. GDM is an exceptional health condition, as its management serves not only as treatment but also as prevention, reducing the risk of future diabetes in mother and child.

Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to explore how pregnant women experience and respond to GDM, focusing particularly on the role of the family environment in shaping women's experiences.

Methods: The research was carried out in Vietnam's Thái Bình province in April-May 2023. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews with 21 women with GDM, visiting them in their homes. Our theoretical starting point was phenomenological anthropology, and the data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results: At the centre of women's experiences was the contrast between GDM as a biomedical and a social condition. Whereas GDM was biomedically diagnosed and managed in the healthcare system, it was often deemed insignificant or non-existent by family members. This made GDM a biomedically present but socially absent health condition. This paradox posed challenges to women's GDM self-care, placing them in pioneering social positions.

Conclusions: The biomedical presence yet social absence of GDM turned women into pioneers at biomedical, digital, epidemiological, and family frontiers. This article calls for appreciation of pregnant women's pioneering roles and for health systems action to involve women and families in the development of GDM policies and programmes at a time of sweeping global health changes.

背景:妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是一种在妊娠期间被诊断出的糖代谢异常,可对母婴造成严重的不良后果。妊娠期糖尿病是一种特殊的健康状况,因为对其进行管理不仅可以治疗,还可以预防,降低母婴未来患糖尿病的风险:这项定性研究旨在探讨孕妇如何经历和应对 GDM,尤其关注家庭环境在影响妇女经历方面的作用:研究于 2023 年 4 月至 5 月在越南 Thái Bình 省进行。我们对 21 名患有 GDM 的妇女进行了深入的人种学访谈,并到她们家中进行了访问。我们的理论出发点是现象学人类学,并采用主题分析方法对数据进行了分析:妇女经历的核心是 GDM 作为一种生物医学疾病和一种社会疾病之间的对比。虽然 GDM 在医疗系统中是由生物医学诊断和管理的,但家庭成员往往认为它无关紧要或不存在。这使得 GDM 成为一种生物医学上存在但社会上不存在的健康问题。这一悖论给妇女的 GDM 自我保健带来了挑战,使她们处于社会的先驱地位:结论:GDM 的生物医学存在而社会缺失,使妇女成为生物医学、数字、流行病学和家庭领域的先锋。这篇文章呼吁重视孕妇的先锋作用,并呼吁卫生系统采取行动,让妇女和家庭在全球卫生发生巨变之际参与制定 GDM 政策和计划。
{"title":"The pioneers of Vietnam's epidemiological transition: an ethnographic study of pregnant women's experiences of gestational diabetes.","authors":"Tine M Gammeltoft, Thi Ai Nguyen, Thi Kim Dung, Ngoc-Anh Thi Dang, Thi Minh Phuong Nguyen, Van Tien Nguyen, Ib C Bygbjerg","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2341521","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2341521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an abnormal glucose metabolism diagnosed during pregnancy that can have serious adverse consequences for mother and child. GDM is an exceptional health condition, as its management serves not only as treatment but also as prevention, reducing the risk of future diabetes in mother and child.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to explore how pregnant women experience and respond to GDM, focusing particularly on the role of the family environment in shaping women's experiences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research was carried out in Vietnam's Thái Bình province in April-May 2023. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews with 21 women with GDM, visiting them in their homes. Our theoretical starting point was phenomenological anthropology, and the data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the centre of women's experiences was the contrast between GDM as a biomedical and a social condition. Whereas GDM was biomedically diagnosed and managed in the healthcare system, it was often deemed insignificant or non-existent by family members. This made GDM a <i>biomedically present</i> but <i>socially absent</i> health condition. This paradox posed challenges to women's GDM self-care, placing them in pioneering social positions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The biomedical presence yet social absence of GDM turned women into pioneers at biomedical, digital, epidemiological, and family frontiers. This article calls for appreciation of pregnant women's pioneering roles and for health systems action to involve women and families in the development of GDM policies and programmes at a time of sweeping global health changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2341521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11067556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community engagement to develop a dialogue-drama on adolescent pregnancy in a marginalised migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border: an ethnographic approach to participatory action research. 通过社区参与,在泰缅边境边缘化移民人口中开展有关少女怀孕的对话剧:参与式行动研究的人种学方法。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2328893
Saw San Soe, Saw Thwe Paw, Mu Lwel Tha Dah, Day Mu Dah, Thae Thae Naing, K Mwee Hser, Solomon Naw, Htet Khaing Lu, Kanjana Winyoorat, Primprapaporn Thongdee, Saw Win Tun, Poe Poe, Rose McGready, Poe Christ, Htee K Poung, Win Win Cho, Hser Nay Wah, Htoo Hser, Saw Phee Do, Paw Bway Shee, Bulakorn Tinoi, Prapatsorn Misa, May Myo Thwin, Ladda Kajeechiwa

Background: Communities in which adolescent pregnancy and safe abortion care are taboo may benefit from culturally appropriate information, education, and communication.

Objective: This ethnographic and participatory action research (PAR) elicited community members' perceptions to adolescent pregnancy: which then informed dialogue-drama development in Burmese and Karen language for undocumented migrants on the Thailand-Myanmar border.

Methods: PAR was conducted in Karen and Burmese language. Interviews and discussions elicited perceptions of community members about adolescent pregnancy. These were analysed for themes and using the fishbone technique, to determine the objectives for the drama. After developing the structure and content of the drama it was piloted, revised, and performed in communities. Responses and impact of the drama were recorded. The team reflected on the drama as a method for health messaging.

Results: In 2022, themes of responsibility, communication, and experiences of adolescent pregnancy emerged from 10 interviews and 6 discussions with community members. The fishbone technique established three dramatic objectives, woven into a teenage love story with an unplanned pregnancy, to raise community awareness of i) adolescent pregnancy, ii) contraception, and iii) choice in unexpected pregnancy. Post-drama feedback from 11 migrant communities (1,238 participants) was positive although some community members voiced concerns. Given the logistical challenges of conducting the drama in person, a film will be created for wider dissemination.

Conclusions: Participatory action research resulted in a culturally-nuanced performance, with communities requesting further performances and awareness on adolescent pregnancy and safe abortion care. Video is likely to be a more sustainable option.

背景:青少年怀孕和安全堕胎护理在一些社区是禁忌:青少年怀孕和安全堕胎护理是禁忌的社区可能会从文化上适当的信息、教育和交流中受益:这项人种学和参与式行动研究(PAR)收集了社区成员对少女怀孕的看法,然后用缅甸语和克伦语为泰缅边境的无证移民编写对话剧:方法:用克伦语和缅甸语进行 PAR。通过访谈和讨论,了解了社区成员对少女怀孕的看法。对这些看法进行了主题分析,并利用鱼骨技术确定了戏剧的目标。在制定了话剧的结构和内容后,对其进行了试演、修改并在社区演出。对戏剧的反应和影响进行了记录。团队对作为健康信息传播方法的情景剧进行了反思:2022 年,与社区成员进行了 10 次访谈和 6 次讨论,得出了责任、沟通和少女怀孕经历等主题。鱼骨技术确立了三个戏剧目标,将其编织在一个意外怀孕的青少年爱情故事中,以提高社区对 i) 少女怀孕、ii) 避孕和 iii) 意外怀孕的选择的认识。11 个移民社区(1238 名参与者)对戏剧演出后的反馈是积极的,但也有一些社区成员表达了担忧。鉴于亲自进行戏剧表演在后勤方面的挑战,我们将制作一部电影,以便更广泛地传播:结论:参与式行动研究产生了一个文化平衡的表演,社区要求进一步表演,并提高对少女怀孕和安全堕胎护理的认识。视频可能是一种更可持续的选择。
{"title":"Community engagement to develop a dialogue-drama on adolescent pregnancy in a marginalised migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border: an ethnographic approach to participatory action research.","authors":"Saw San Soe, Saw Thwe Paw, Mu Lwel Tha Dah, Day Mu Dah, Thae Thae Naing, K Mwee Hser, Solomon Naw, Htet Khaing Lu, Kanjana Winyoorat, Primprapaporn Thongdee, Saw Win Tun, Poe Poe, Rose McGready, Poe Christ, Htee K Poung, Win Win Cho, Hser Nay Wah, Htoo Hser, Saw Phee Do, Paw Bway Shee, Bulakorn Tinoi, Prapatsorn Misa, May Myo Thwin, Ladda Kajeechiwa","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2328893","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2328893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Communities in which adolescent pregnancy and safe abortion care are taboo may benefit from culturally appropriate information, education, and communication.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This ethnographic and participatory action research (PAR) elicited community members' perceptions to adolescent pregnancy: which then informed dialogue-drama development in Burmese and Karen language for undocumented migrants on the Thailand-Myanmar border.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PAR was conducted in Karen and Burmese language. Interviews and discussions elicited perceptions of community members about adolescent pregnancy. These were analysed for themes and using the fishbone technique, to determine the objectives for the drama. After developing the structure and content of the drama it was piloted, revised, and performed in communities. Responses and impact of the drama were recorded. The team reflected on the drama as a method for health messaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, themes of responsibility, communication, and experiences of adolescent pregnancy emerged from 10 interviews and 6 discussions with community members. The fishbone technique established three dramatic objectives, woven into a teenage love story with an unplanned pregnancy, to raise community awareness of i) adolescent pregnancy, ii) contraception, and iii) choice in unexpected pregnancy. Post-drama feedback from 11 migrant communities (1,238 participants) was positive although some community members voiced concerns. Given the logistical challenges of conducting the drama in person, a film will be created for wider dissemination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participatory action research resulted in a culturally-nuanced performance, with communities requesting further performances and awareness on adolescent pregnancy and safe abortion care. Video is likely to be a more sustainable option.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2328893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence and social determinants of smoking among men in Mauritius: a cross-sectional study. 毛里求斯男性吸烟率及其社会决定因素:横断面研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2367415
Miguel San Sebastián, Tuomilehto Jaakko, Stefan Söderberg, Paul Zimmet, Bhushan Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez, Sudhirsen Kowlessur

Background: Mauritius has implemented a range of stringent policies to control smoking and promote public health. Regular monitoring focuses on the prevalence of tobacco use, yet there is a gap in understanding its socio-economic patterns.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco smoking and to identify the social determinants associated with smoking among men in Mauritius in 2021.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted by the Ministry of Health and Wellness during 2021. In total, 3622 individuals participated (response rate of 84.1%), of which 1663 were men (45.9%). The study mainly focused on men given the low prevalence of smoking among women. Daily smoking was the outcome and a series of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were included as independent variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated to fulfill the study objective.

Results: The prevalence of smoking among men was 30.4%. People in the 25-34 age group (PR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.12-2.41), those separated, divorced or widowed (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.16-2.11), the ethnic groups Muslim-Mauritians (PR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.00-2.89) and Creoles (PR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16-3.35), and those with secondary (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00-1.67) and primary education (PR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.10-1.98) were statistically significantly associated with daily smoking.

Conclusions: Although a gradual decline in smoking prevalence was observed compared with the previous 2015 survey, the Ministry of Health and Wellness should persist in fortifying its anti-smoking measures and concentrate on crafting tailored interventions aimed at the vulnerable groups identified in this study.

背景:毛里求斯实施了一系列严格的控烟政策,以促进公众健康。定期监测的重点是烟草使用率,但对其社会经济模式的了解还存在差距:本研究旨在估算 2021 年毛里求斯男性吸烟率,并确定与吸烟相关的社会决定因素:这是卫生与健康部在 2021 年开展的一项基于人口的横断面研究。共有 3622 人参与(回复率为 84.1%),其中 1663 人为男性(45.9%)。鉴于女性吸烟率较低,研究主要集中在男性身上。日常吸烟是研究的结果,一系列社会人口和社会经济因素被列为自变量。为实现研究目标,对流行率(PR)及其 95% 置信区间(95% CI)进行了估算:结果:男性吸烟率为 30.4%。25-34 岁年龄组(PR = 1.65;95% CI:1.12-2.41)、分居、离婚或丧偶者(PR = 1.57;95% CI:1.16-2.11)、穆斯林-毛利人(PR = 1.70;95% CI:1.00-2.89)和克里奥尔人(PR = 1.97;95% CI:1.16-3.35)、受过中等教育(PR = 1.29;95% CI:1.00-1.67)和小学教育(PR = 1.47;95% CI:1.10-1.98)的人与每天吸烟在统计学上有显著相关性:尽管与 2015 年的上一次调查相比,吸烟率逐渐下降,但卫生与健康部仍应坚持强化其禁烟措施,并集中精力针对本研究中发现的弱势群体制定有针对性的干预措施。
{"title":"Prevalence and social determinants of smoking among men in Mauritius: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Miguel San Sebastián, Tuomilehto Jaakko, Stefan Söderberg, Paul Zimmet, Bhushan Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez, Sudhirsen Kowlessur","doi":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2367415","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16549716.2024.2367415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mauritius has implemented a range of stringent policies to control smoking and promote public health. Regular monitoring focuses on the prevalence of tobacco use, yet there is a gap in understanding its socio-economic patterns.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco smoking and to identify the social determinants associated with smoking among men in Mauritius in 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted by the Ministry of Health and Wellness during 2021. In total, 3622 individuals participated (response rate of 84.1%), of which 1663 were men (45.9%). The study mainly focused on men given the low prevalence of smoking among women. Daily smoking was the outcome and a series of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were included as independent variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated to fulfill the study objective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of smoking among men was 30.4%. People in the 25-34 age group (PR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.12-2.41), those separated, divorced or widowed (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.16-2.11), the ethnic groups Muslim-Mauritians (PR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.00-2.89) and Creoles (PR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16-3.35), and those with secondary (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00-1.67) and primary education (PR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.10-1.98) were statistically significantly associated with daily smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although a gradual decline in smoking prevalence was observed compared with the previous 2015 survey, the Ministry of Health and Wellness should persist in fortifying its anti-smoking measures and concentrate on crafting tailored interventions aimed at the vulnerable groups identified in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49197,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Action","volume":"17 1","pages":"2367415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11191822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Global Health Action
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1