Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s44281-025-00089-0
Yuanhao Sun, Yuqin Xiao, Xiang Zhang, Bingyang Du, Maihemuti Turupu, Xinyu Wang, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Qisheng Yao, T. H. Li
Abstract Fruit softening significantly impacts the shelf-life and economic value of fruits. Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.) are particularly prone to damage during transportation due to softening. While ethylene regulates cell wall degradation and fruit softening in various crops, its role and underlying mechanism in sweet cherry softening remain largely unclear. This study demonstrates that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), a key precursor in the synthesis of ethylene, steadily increases throughout sweet cherry fruit development and ripening, while ethylene treatment reduces fruit firmness. Ethylene treatment negatively regulates the transcriptional level of PavSPL7 , a gene encoding a plant-specific SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein-Like 7 (SPL) family protein. Overexpression of PavSPL7 suppresses the transcriptional levels of genes involved in cell wall loosening (the expansin A6 gene PavEXPA6 ), pectin degradation (the pectin methyl esterase gene PavPMEI2 and the pectate lyase gene PavPL8 ), and ethylene biosynthesis (the ACC synthase gene PavACS7 ), thereby inhibiting fruit softening. These results suggest that ethylene and PavSPL7 antagonistically regulate fruit softening in sweet cherry through negative feedback loop. It is thus proposed that ethylene promotes pectin degradation by downregulating PavSPL7 expression, thereby facilitating fruit softening. Our work gains insight into molecular mechanism underlying ethylene-mediated regulation of fruit softening in sweet cherry and provides potential targets for manipulation of fruit development and ripening.
{"title":"Ethylene promotes pectin degradation and fruit softening by negatively regulating PavSPL7 in sweet cherry (Prunus avium)","authors":"Yuanhao Sun, Yuqin Xiao, Xiang Zhang, Bingyang Du, Maihemuti Turupu, Xinyu Wang, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Qisheng Yao, T. H. Li","doi":"10.1007/s44281-025-00089-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44281-025-00089-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fruit softening significantly impacts the shelf-life and economic value of fruits. Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.) are particularly prone to damage during transportation due to softening. While ethylene regulates cell wall degradation and fruit softening in various crops, its role and underlying mechanism in sweet cherry softening remain largely unclear. This study demonstrates that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), a key precursor in the synthesis of ethylene, steadily increases throughout sweet cherry fruit development and ripening, while ethylene treatment reduces fruit firmness. Ethylene treatment negatively regulates the transcriptional level of PavSPL7 , a gene encoding a plant-specific SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein-Like 7 (SPL) family protein. Overexpression of PavSPL7 suppresses the transcriptional levels of genes involved in cell wall loosening (the expansin A6 gene PavEXPA6 ), pectin degradation (the pectin methyl esterase gene PavPMEI2 and the pectate lyase gene PavPL8 ), and ethylene biosynthesis (the ACC synthase gene PavACS7 ), thereby inhibiting fruit softening. These results suggest that ethylene and PavSPL7 antagonistically regulate fruit softening in sweet cherry through negative feedback loop. It is thus proposed that ethylene promotes pectin degradation by downregulating PavSPL7 expression, thereby facilitating fruit softening. Our work gains insight into molecular mechanism underlying ethylene-mediated regulation of fruit softening in sweet cherry and provides potential targets for manipulation of fruit development and ripening.","PeriodicalId":491988,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Advances","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44281-025-00089-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Guangchenpi (GCP, Citrus reticulata ), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and homology food condiment, is predominantly consumed in Asia. Extending its aging process enhances its medicinal properties, flavor, and profitability. However, pinpointing the aging year of GCP remains a bottleneck of the industry. This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of 32 glycosidically bound volatiles in GCP, employing a combination of Amberlite XAD-2 resin extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The identified compounds include bioactive substances such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acorenone B. Fourteen glycosidically bound volatiles exhibited a significant correlation with the aging duration of GCP. Additionally, the aging process was associated with dynamic shifts in the microbial community, notably an enrichment of Lactobacillus and Oceanobacillus , which potentially influenced the volatile compound profile. Machine learning integration revealed a model based on the content and relative weight of the 14 glycosidically bound volatiles, demonstrating high accuracy in determining aging years of GCP. This model could aid in detecting adulteration and standardizing the GCP market.
{"title":"Glycosidically bound volatiles profiling reveals a new approach to effectively gauge aging years of Guangchenpi (Citrus reticulata ‘Chachiensis’)","authors":"Yuan Liu, Xueqin Wang, Zhaoyang Yan, Huan Wen, Qiuhong Chen, Yang Hu, Huang Hu, Chunling Liu, Jiwu Zeng, Jiajing Chen, Juan Xu","doi":"10.1007/s44281-025-00079-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44281-025-00079-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Guangchenpi (GCP, Citrus reticulata ), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and homology food condiment, is predominantly consumed in Asia. Extending its aging process enhances its medicinal properties, flavor, and profitability. However, pinpointing the aging year of GCP remains a bottleneck of the industry. This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of 32 glycosidically bound volatiles in GCP, employing a combination of Amberlite XAD-2 resin extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The identified compounds include bioactive substances such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acorenone B. Fourteen glycosidically bound volatiles exhibited a significant correlation with the aging duration of GCP. Additionally, the aging process was associated with dynamic shifts in the microbial community, notably an enrichment of Lactobacillus and Oceanobacillus , which potentially influenced the volatile compound profile. Machine learning integration revealed a model based on the content and relative weight of the 14 glycosidically bound volatiles, demonstrating high accuracy in determining aging years of GCP. This model could aid in detecting adulteration and standardizing the GCP market.","PeriodicalId":491988,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Advances","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44281-025-00079-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147879515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The SQUAMOUS PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE ( SPL ) gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors that regulate diverse physiological processes, including growth, flowering, and stress responses. A total of 32 PaSPL genes were identified and characterized in the genome of Platanus × acerifolia , an ancient hexaploid species widely cultivated as a street tree. The PaSPL genes were classified into nine distinct groups based on their phylogenetic relationship. Gene structure examination revealed considerable variation in intron number and length among groups. Cis -regulatory element analysis indicated that the promoter regions of PaSPLs are enriched with light-responsive elements. Expression profiling across different tissues and developmental stages demonstrated that the PaSPL genes harboring a site targeted by microRNA156 exhibited stage-specific expression patterns, while those in the Groups II, III, V, and IX displayed tissue-specific expression. Notably, several PaSPL genes exhibited dynamic expression during floral transition, implicating their role in flowering regulation. Among them, PaSPL8a , a Group III member, was differentially expressed in flowerless germplasm resources. Functional characterization demonstrated that PaSPL8a overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana accelerated flowering and upregulated key flowering regulators. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the function of PaSPLs in P. × acerifolia and establish PaSPL8a as a positive regulator of flowering.
SQUAMOUS启动子结合蛋白样（SPL）基因家族编码植物特异性转录因子，调节多种生理过程，包括生长、开花和应激反应。在被广泛栽培的六倍体古行道树Platanus x acerifolia的基因组中，共鉴定出32个PaSPL基因。根据系统发育关系，将PaSPL基因分为9个不同的类群。基因结构检测显示各组间内含子数量和长度存在较大差异。顺式调控元件分析表明，PaSPLs的启动子区域富含光响应元件。不同组织和发育阶段的表达谱表明，含有microRNA156靶向位点的PaSPL基因表现出阶段特异性表达模式，而II、III、V和IX组中的PaSPL基因表现出组织特异性表达。值得注意的是，一些PaSPL基因在花过渡过程中表现出动态表达，暗示了它们在开花调控中的作用。其中，第III组成员PaSPL8a在无花种质资源中差异表达。功能鉴定表明，PaSPL8a在拟南芥中的过表达加速了开花，上调了关键的开花调控因子。这些发现为深入了解PaSPL8a在杉树中的功能机制提供了依据，并确立了PaSPL8a在开花过程中的积极调控作用。
{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of the SPL gene family in Platanus × acerifolia and functional characterization of PaSPL8a in flowering","authors":"Xiyan Chen, Gehui Shi, Xu Yan, Jinghong Wu, Ting Peng, Manzhu Bao, Jiaqi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s44281-025-00066-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44281-025-00066-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The SQUAMOUS PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE ( SPL ) gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors that regulate diverse physiological processes, including growth, flowering, and stress responses. A total of 32 PaSPL genes were identified and characterized in the genome of Platanus × acerifolia , an ancient hexaploid species widely cultivated as a street tree. The PaSPL genes were classified into nine distinct groups based on their phylogenetic relationship. Gene structure examination revealed considerable variation in intron number and length among groups. Cis -regulatory element analysis indicated that the promoter regions of PaSPLs are enriched with light-responsive elements. Expression profiling across different tissues and developmental stages demonstrated that the PaSPL genes harboring a site targeted by microRNA156 exhibited stage-specific expression patterns, while those in the Groups II, III, V, and IX displayed tissue-specific expression. Notably, several PaSPL genes exhibited dynamic expression during floral transition, implicating their role in flowering regulation. Among them, PaSPL8a , a Group III member, was differentially expressed in flowerless germplasm resources. Functional characterization demonstrated that PaSPL8a overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana accelerated flowering and upregulated key flowering regulators. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the function of PaSPLs in P. × acerifolia and establish PaSPL8a as a positive regulator of flowering.","PeriodicalId":491988,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Advances","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44281-025-00066-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s44281-024-00058-z
Muhammad Ateeq, Dongmei Zhang, Jinping Xiao, Huiqin Zhang, Xingyi Shen, Jian Meng, Jinzhi Yang, Shariq Mahmood Alam, Muhammad Mohsin Kaleem, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Kaijie Zhu, Guohuai Li, Junwei Liu
Abstract Low oxygen stress (hypoxia) induced by submergence significantly impairs respiration in fruit trees, leading to reduced yield and, in extreme cases, tree mortality. While extensive research has focused on the root responses of peach trees to waterlogging, the mechanisms underlying leaf responses to complete submergence remain poorly understood. In this study, both transcriptomic and metabolic approaches were employed to explore the differential submergence tolerance between two peach cultivars: 'Dongxi Xiaoxian' (DX), which exhibits tolerance, and 'Hujing Milu' (HM), which is sensitive. Compared to HM, DX leaves experienced less decline in leaf verdancy, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content under submergence. DX leaves also showed enhanced antioxidant activities of ROS scavengers and reduced levels of H 2 O 2 and MDA, correlating with improved tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, glycan biosynthesis, and α-linolenic acid metabolism between the two cultivars. Key metabolites, including sugars (sorbitol and sucrose), amino acids (phenylalanine and L-norvaline), cell wall polysaccharides (lignin and pectin), and plant hormones (jasmonic acid and salicylic acid), were identified as critical for DX's superior submergence tolerance. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of peach leaf tolerance to submergence, providing insights into potential strategies for genetic improvement aimed at enhancing hypoxia resistance in fruit trees.
{"title":"Decoding submergence tolerance in Prunus persica: Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic acclimations of antioxidant system, cell wall dynamics, and hormonal signaling","authors":"Muhammad Ateeq, Dongmei Zhang, Jinping Xiao, Huiqin Zhang, Xingyi Shen, Jian Meng, Jinzhi Yang, Shariq Mahmood Alam, Muhammad Mohsin Kaleem, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Kaijie Zhu, Guohuai Li, Junwei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s44281-024-00058-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44281-024-00058-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Low oxygen stress (hypoxia) induced by submergence significantly impairs respiration in fruit trees, leading to reduced yield and, in extreme cases, tree mortality. While extensive research has focused on the root responses of peach trees to waterlogging, the mechanisms underlying leaf responses to complete submergence remain poorly understood. In this study, both transcriptomic and metabolic approaches were employed to explore the differential submergence tolerance between two peach cultivars: 'Dongxi Xiaoxian' (DX), which exhibits tolerance, and 'Hujing Milu' (HM), which is sensitive. Compared to HM, DX leaves experienced less decline in leaf verdancy, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content under submergence. DX leaves also showed enhanced antioxidant activities of ROS scavengers and reduced levels of H 2 O 2 and MDA, correlating with improved tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, glycan biosynthesis, and α-linolenic acid metabolism between the two cultivars. Key metabolites, including sugars (sorbitol and sucrose), amino acids (phenylalanine and L-norvaline), cell wall polysaccharides (lignin and pectin), and plant hormones (jasmonic acid and salicylic acid), were identified as critical for DX's superior submergence tolerance. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of peach leaf tolerance to submergence, providing insights into potential strategies for genetic improvement aimed at enhancing hypoxia resistance in fruit trees.","PeriodicalId":491988,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Advances","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44281-024-00058-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147880206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1007/s44281-024-00043-6
S. B. Parrish, Zhanao Deng
{"title":"The first high-quality genome assembly and annotation of Lantana camara, an important ornamental plant and a major invasive species","authors":"S. B. Parrish, Zhanao Deng","doi":"10.1007/s44281-024-00043-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44281-024-00043-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":491988,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Advances","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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