Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

ObjectiveThe proliferation of access to generative AI tools has the potential to radically alter the process of writing manuscripts. This report evaluates NotebookLM as a tool for conducting a literature review in an ethical and responsible manner. Method: We uploaded 22 relevant papers from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) to NotebookLM and asked questions pertaining to a hypothetical research paper. We investigated the capabilities, limitations, ethical considerations, and privacy implications of using NotebookLM and engaged in a dialogue with the tool through a series of user-written prompts and AI responses. Results: We found that the variability and utility of responsesweres determined in large part by the ability to write meaningful prompts and the extent to which new prompts provided additional information. Investigating how NotebookLM identified key findings enhanced our prompt generation and subsequently the iterative refinement of output to produce information relevant to our mock literature review. Conclusions: The utility of NotebookLM will likely vary by the quality of source material uploaded into the program and the researcher's familiarity with prompt generation. There are a number of benefits and drawbacks to using this tool as a search engine or conversation partner. Ethical considerations and privacy implications of using NotebookLM are discussed.

Objective: This study examined the associations between childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) and healthy diet among university students, and tested the roles of depression and physical exercise using a conditional process framework.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,007 Chinese undergraduates (42.1% male; mean age = 19.03 ± 1.18 years). CEM, depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), physical exercise, and healthy diet were assessed via self-report. Demographic variables were controlled. PROCESS macro Model 14 in SPSS 29.0 was used with 5,000 bootstrap samples to test moderated mediation models.

Results: Across three independently estimated models (overall CEM, childhood emotional abuse, and childhood emotional neglect), CEM and its subdimensions were positively associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.300-0.373, p < .001) and negatively associated with healthy diet (β =  -0.192 to -0.222, p < .001). Depression was negatively associated with healthy diet (β =  -0.148 to -0.162, p < .001) and statistically mediated the association between CEM and healthy diet. Physical exercise was positively associated with healthy diet (β = 0.174-0.175, p < .001) and showed a small but significant moderating association in the depression-healthy diet relationship in the overall CEM and emotional abuse models, but not in the emotional neglect model.

Conclusions: CEM was associated with poorer healthy diet partly through elevated depressive symptoms. Physical exercise demonstrated a limited buffering association. These findings underscore the relevance of integrating psychological support with physical activity and nutrition interventions to promote healthier eating among university students.

Objective: The goal of this investigation was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collaborative care intervention delivery for physically injured Spanish-speaking patients admitted to a level I trauma center.

Method: The investigation was a secondary analysis of Spanish-speaking patients embedded within a larger comparative effectiveness trial. Participants were 22 male and female Spanish, non-English, speaking survivors of intentional and unintentional injuries, ages ≥18. Patients who were identified to be at elevated risk on the electronic health record evaluation were screened for ≥1 severe posttraumatic concern, and a score of ≥35 on the DSM-IV PTSD Checklist. Screen positive patients were randomized to collaborative care intervention versus enhanced usual care control conditions. The intervention included care management and evidence-based psychotherapeutic elements and pharmacotherapy targeting PTSD symptoms. The primary outcomes were PTSD symptoms, any post-injury concerns and emergency department/inpatient utilization over the 12-month post-injury period.

Results: The pilot study achieved >75% follow-up rates at 1-3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months post-injury. Elements of the collaborative care intervention were feasibly delivered and acceptable to Spanish-speaking patients. Mixed-model regression analyses revealed no statistically significant intervention or control group differences for any of the three primary outcomes over the course of the 12 months after the injury for the intent-to-treat sample.

Conclusions: A collaborative care intervention for Spanish-speaking injury survivors with PTSD symptoms and multiple post-injury concerns was feasibly and acceptably delivered. The intervention warrants testing with a larger scale, adequately powered, randomized clinical trial.

Aim: This study examines anxiety as a mediator between early warm and secure memories and healthy eating among college students, and the moderating role of physical activity in the early warm and secure memories-anxiety relationship. Methods: In December, 2024, 2,984 Chinese undergraduates (42% male, 58% female; mean age 19.03)completed surveys assessing early warm and secure memories, anxiety, healthy eating, and physical activity. SPSS 29.0 analyzed correlations, PROCESS Macro testedthe mediation model, and moderated mediation model. Results: Early warm and secure memories negatively correlated with anxiety (r = ‒0.359)and positively with physical activity (r = 0.098) and healthy eating (r = 0.245). Anxiety negatively correlated with physical activity (r = ‒0.089)and healthy eating (r = ‒0.209). Mediation analysis showed early warm and secure memories directly predicted healthy eating (β = 0.243, p < .001),with anxiety partially mediating this link (indirect effect β = ‒0.144, p < .001). Physical activity moderated the early warm and secure memories-anxiety pathway (interaction β = ‒0.044, p < .05), buffering anxiety's impact. Conclusion: Early warm and secure memories promote healthy eating both directly and indirectly by reducing anxiety, with physical activity weakening the early warm and secure memories-anxiety association. Findings highlight the importance of fostering secure childhood memories for mental health and healthy eating. Interventions should leverage early warm and secure memories as a psychological resource and incorporate physical activity to enhance student well-being.

Objective: Medical cannabis use is often motivated by somatic or affective concerns, and both are common among older adults. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are known to mitigate adverse outcomes associated with substance use. Goals of this study were to examine how somatic and affective use motives relate to use of PBS, cannabis use, and symptoms of cannabis use disorder.

Method: The sample included 471 participants age 55+, recruited through social media, who self-reported legal medical cannabis use. Measures included cannabis use motives, subjective cannabis use patterns, the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale (PBSM), Cannabis Use Disorder Symptoms questionnaire, Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R).

Results: Both a measurement and a hypothesized model fit the data well (RMSEA = .036, CFI = .981, c² = 112.57). Somatic use justifications were associated with greater PBS use, less cannabis use, and lower CUDIT scores. Affective use justifications were associated with less PBS use, more cannabis use, and higher CUDIT scores. Indirect pathways linking both somatic and affective use justifications with CUDIT score through PBS were statistically significant.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that somatic justifications for cannabis use among older adults are associated with use of protective behaviors that reduce the risk for CUD symptoms, while affective motives suggest higher risk for CUD symptoms. These findings support the common practice of referring older adults with mental health concerns for conventional treatment, including evidence-based psychotherapy. Training in PBS use may mitigate escalation of CUD symptoms in this vulnerable population, and future research should examine that hypothesis.

Objective: The Kahramanmaras Earthquake, which occurred on February 6, 2023, and classified as a major and devastating earthquake, sometimes referred to as the "disaster of the century," resulted in significant destruction and loss in Kahramanmaras and 10 other provinces with magnitudes of 7.8 Mw (±0.1) and 7.5 Mw. This study aims to confirm whether there is a relationship between the academic motivation of students who experienced the earthquake and the psychological complaints they experienced.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 706 volunteer university students who were exposed to the Kahramanmaras earthquake were included. Participants were asked to fill out a sociodemographic data form, the Academic Motivation Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.

Results: Damage to buildings (p = .003), lack of social support (p = .000), having psychological complaints (p = .000), and having experienced another traumatic event before the earthquake (p = .000) were significantly associated with lack of motivation. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between lack of motivation and depressive symptoms (r = 0.368, p < .001), anxious symptoms (r = 0.297, p < .001), and stress (r = 0.327, p < .001).

Conclusions: The study concluded that anxious symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress are related to lack of motivation. Individuals with damaged homes, inadequate social support, and past traumatic experiences constitute a risk group for academic demotivation.

Objective: Resistance to unwanted sexual advances decreases likelihood of completed sexual victimization (SV), with psychological barriers to resistance (PBRs; i.e. fear of injury, concern for preserving the relationship, and self-consciousness) reducing likelihood of resisting. Prior SV is associated with distress, which could increase revictimization risk. Method: A cross-sectional survey was utilized to examine associations among history of SV, psychological distress (defined as symptoms of depression, anxiety, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and alcohol use problems), and PBRs in a sample of college women (N = 374). It was hypothesized: 1) severity of SV would be associated with PBRs, 2) psychological distress would be associated with severity of SV, 3) psychological distress would be associated with each type of PBR, and 4) psychological distress would mediate associations between severity of SV and PBRs. Results: Severity of SV was associated with fear of injury exacerbation and concerns for relationship preservation as well as higher levels of psychological distress. Concerns for relationship preservation and self-consciousness were associated with more alcohol problems. Depression mediated severity of SV and PBR due to concern for relationship preservation. Conclusion: Risk reduction programs should address how the intersection of psychological distress and PBR influences resistance behavior, especially among women with a history of SV.

Objective: Emergencies in child and adolescent psychiatry are prevalent, and pediatric psychiatric emergency departments play a crucial role in acute intervention during mental health-related crises. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the characteristics of children and adolescents who were admitted to a pediatric psychiatric emergency department.

Method: The data were collected from the records of 8803 patients (females 56.6%, Mage = 15.07 ± 2.6) admitted to our pediatric psychiatry emergency department between 2014 and 2021. Diagnoses were made using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. We used descriptive statistics to determine patient characteristics and conducted a regression analysis to compare the changes in the admissions numbers by the year.

Results: It was found that depressive disorder was the highest psychiatric diagnosis, with a percentage of 21.4%. Depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder have shown an increase over the years. In 2020, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychiatric admissions reached their lowest level. The percentage of hospitalizations was 21.1% for the total of all years. No significant change was found in the total number of admissions, sex, and age.

Conclusions: The number of admissions for female adolescents who were diagnosed with depressive disorder to our pediatric psychiatry emergency department is shown to be high. The fact that these patients seek help more frequently should be taken into consideration during the planning of mental health services for outpatient and inpatient clinics as well as pediatric psychiatry emergency services.

Objective: The armed conflict in Ukraine and its impact on Europe's economy have led to an war and economic crisis, potentially affecting the mental health of women during the perinatal period. This study aimed to assess the severity of depressive symptoms and labor anxiety among Polish women in perinatal period during this crisis. Methods: From June 2, 2022, to April 11, 2023, 152 women completed three sets of online surveys-two during pregnancy (before 33 weeks and/or between 33 and 37 weeks) and one postpartum (4 weeks after childbirth). The questionnaires used to evaluate the anxiety and depressive symptoms included Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), Labor Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ), and team-developed questionnaires evaluating war-related anxiety (WAQ) and global situation anxiety (GSAQ) Statistical analyses included U-Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Friedman tests and Spearman's correlations, with a significance level set at p < .05. Results: Among Polish pregnant women aged 23-43, 31.6% of participants experienced depressive symptoms, while 70.4% reported increased labor-related anxiety. Additionally, 24.3% experienced significant anxiety due to the war, and 25% suffered from severe anxiety related to the global situation. Positive correlations were noted between EPDS and GSAQ scores (R = 0.34, p < .001) and LAQ and WAQ scores (R = 0.21, p = .008). Conclusions: The prevalence of perinatal depression is high during war and economic crisis, underscoring the urgent need to improve screening for perinatal depression in Poland. Further, the manuscript did not discuss symptom patterns across the three time points.