Fossil fuels, such as coal and hydrocarbons, are major drivers of global warming and are primarily responsible for worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide CO2. The storage of CO2 in deep saline reservoirs is acknowledged as one of the top practical and promising methods to reduce CO2 emissions and meet climate goals. The North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) recently approved the fourth Class VI permit for a carbon capture and storage project in the Williston basin of North Dakota for the geological CO2 storage in the Broom Creek formation. The current research aimed to conduct a comprehensive petrophysical characterization and rock physics modeling of the Broom Creek deep saline reservoir to unravel the mineralogical distribution and to understand the variations in petrophysical and elastic properties across the formation. This study utilized geophysical well logs, routine core analysis, and advanced core analysis to evaluate the Broom Creek formation. Multimineral petrophysical analysis calibrated with X-ray diffraction results reveals that this formation primarily comprises highly porous clean sandstone intervals with low-porosity interspersed with dolomite, anhydrite, and silt/clay layers. The formation exhibits varying porosities up to 0.3 and Klinkenberg air permeabilities up to ∼2600 mD. The formation water resistivity using Archie’s equation is approximately 0.055 ohm-m at 150 °F, corresponding to around 63,000 ppm NaCl salinity, which is consistent with prior data. The pore throat distribution in the samples from clean sandstone intervals is primarily situated in the macro-mega scales. However, the presence of anhydrite and dolomite impedes both porosity and pore throat sizes. The accurate prediction of effective elastic properties was achieved by developing a rock physics template. Dry rock moduli were modeled using Hill’s average, while Berryman’s self-consistent scheme was employed for modeling saturated moduli.
煤炭和碳氢化合物等化石燃料是导致全球变暖的主要因素，也是包括二氧化碳在内的全球温室气体排放的主要原因。在深盐水层中封存二氧化碳被认为是减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标的最实用、最有前途的方法之一。北达科他州工业委员会（NDIC）最近批准了北达科他州威利斯顿盆地第四个碳捕集与封存项目的 VI 级许可，该项目将在 Broom Creek 地层进行二氧化碳地质封存。目前的研究旨在对 Broom Creek 深盐储层进行全面的岩石物理特征描述和岩石物理建模，以揭示矿物学分布并了解整个地层的岩石物理和弹性特性变化。这项研究利用地球物理测井记录、常规岩心分析和高级岩心分析来评估 Broom Creek 地层。经 X 射线衍射结果校准的多矿物岩石物理分析表明，该地层主要由高孔隙度的洁净砂岩和低孔隙度的白云岩、无水石膏和粉砂/粘土层组成。该地层显示出不同的孔隙度，最高可达 0.3，克林肯贝格空气渗透率最高可达 ∼ 2600 mD。根据阿奇方程，地层水电阻率在 150 °F 时约为 0.055 欧姆-米，相当于大约 63,000 ppm 的氯化钠盐度，这与之前的数据一致。清洁砂岩岩层样本中的孔喉分布主要位于宏观-超宏观尺度。然而，无水石膏和白云石的存在阻碍了孔隙度和孔喉尺寸。通过开发岩石物理模板，实现了对有效弹性特性的准确预测。干岩模量采用希尔平均法建模，饱和模量采用贝里曼自洽法建模。
{"title":"Integrated Petrophysical Evaluation and Rock Physics Modeling of Broom Creek Deep Saline Aquifer for Geological CO2 Storage","authors":"Prasad Pothana, Ghoulem Ifrene, Kegang Ling","doi":"10.3390/fuels5010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels5010004","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuels, such as coal and hydrocarbons, are major drivers of global warming and are primarily responsible for worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide CO2. The storage of CO2 in deep saline reservoirs is acknowledged as one of the top practical and promising methods to reduce CO2 emissions and meet climate goals. The North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) recently approved the fourth Class VI permit for a carbon capture and storage project in the Williston basin of North Dakota for the geological CO2 storage in the Broom Creek formation. The current research aimed to conduct a comprehensive petrophysical characterization and rock physics modeling of the Broom Creek deep saline reservoir to unravel the mineralogical distribution and to understand the variations in petrophysical and elastic properties across the formation. This study utilized geophysical well logs, routine core analysis, and advanced core analysis to evaluate the Broom Creek formation. Multimineral petrophysical analysis calibrated with X-ray diffraction results reveals that this formation primarily comprises highly porous clean sandstone intervals with low-porosity interspersed with dolomite, anhydrite, and silt/clay layers. The formation exhibits varying porosities up to 0.3 and Klinkenberg air permeabilities up to ∼2600 mD. The formation water resistivity using Archie’s equation is approximately 0.055 ohm-m at 150 °F, corresponding to around 63,000 ppm NaCl salinity, which is consistent with prior data. The pore throat distribution in the samples from clean sandstone intervals is primarily situated in the macro-mega scales. However, the presence of anhydrite and dolomite impedes both porosity and pore throat sizes. The accurate prediction of effective elastic properties was achieved by developing a rock physics template. Dry rock moduli were modeled using Hill’s average, while Berryman’s self-consistent scheme was employed for modeling saturated moduli.","PeriodicalId":514548,"journal":{"name":"Fuels","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fossil fuels, such as coal and hydrocarbons, are major drivers of global warming and are primarily responsible for worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide CO2. The storage of CO2 in deep saline reservoirs is acknowledged as one of the top practical and promising methods to reduce CO2 emissions and meet climate goals. The North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) recently approved the fourth Class VI permit for a carbon capture and storage project in the Williston basin of North Dakota for the geological CO2 storage in the Broom Creek formation. The current research aimed to conduct a comprehensive petrophysical characterization and rock physics modeling of the Broom Creek deep saline reservoir to unravel the mineralogical distribution and to understand the variations in petrophysical and elastic properties across the formation. This study utilized geophysical well logs, routine core analysis, and advanced core analysis to evaluate the Broom Creek formation. Multimineral petrophysical analysis calibrated with X-ray diffraction results reveals that this formation primarily comprises highly porous clean sandstone intervals with low-porosity interspersed with dolomite, anhydrite, and silt/clay layers. The formation exhibits varying porosities up to 0.3 and Klinkenberg air permeabilities up to ∼2600 mD. The formation water resistivity using Archie’s equation is approximately 0.055 ohm-m at 150 °F, corresponding to around 63,000 ppm NaCl salinity, which is consistent with prior data. The pore throat distribution in the samples from clean sandstone intervals is primarily situated in the macro-mega scales. However, the presence of anhydrite and dolomite impedes both porosity and pore throat sizes. The accurate prediction of effective elastic properties was achieved by developing a rock physics template. Dry rock moduli were modeled using Hill’s average, while Berryman’s self-consistent scheme was employed for modeling saturated moduli.
煤炭和碳氢化合物等化石燃料是导致全球变暖的主要因素，也是包括二氧化碳在内的全球温室气体排放的主要原因。在深盐水层中封存二氧化碳被认为是减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标的最实用、最有前途的方法之一。北达科他州工业委员会（NDIC）最近批准了北达科他州威利斯顿盆地第四个碳捕集与封存项目的 VI 级许可，该项目将在 Broom Creek 地层进行二氧化碳地质封存。目前的研究旨在对 Broom Creek 深盐储层进行全面的岩石物理特征描述和岩石物理建模，以揭示矿物学分布并了解整个地层的岩石物理和弹性特性变化。这项研究利用地球物理测井记录、常规岩心分析和高级岩心分析来评估 Broom Creek 地层。经 X 射线衍射结果校准的多矿物岩石物理分析表明，该地层主要由高孔隙度的洁净砂岩和低孔隙度的白云岩、无水石膏和粉砂/粘土层组成。该地层显示出不同的孔隙度，最高可达 0.3，克林肯贝格空气渗透率最高可达 ∼ 2600 mD。根据阿奇方程，地层水电阻率在 150 °F 时约为 0.055 欧姆-米，相当于大约 63,000 ppm 的氯化钠盐度，这与之前的数据一致。清洁砂岩岩层样本中的孔喉分布主要位于宏观-超宏观尺度。然而，无水石膏和白云石的存在阻碍了孔隙度和孔喉尺寸。通过开发岩石物理模板，实现了对有效弹性特性的准确预测。干岩模量采用希尔平均法建模，饱和模量采用贝里曼自洽法建模。
{"title":"Integrated Petrophysical Evaluation and Rock Physics Modeling of Broom Creek Deep Saline Aquifer for Geological CO2 Storage","authors":"Prasad Pothana, Ghoulem Ifrene, Kegang Ling","doi":"10.3390/fuels5010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels5010004","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuels, such as coal and hydrocarbons, are major drivers of global warming and are primarily responsible for worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide CO2. The storage of CO2 in deep saline reservoirs is acknowledged as one of the top practical and promising methods to reduce CO2 emissions and meet climate goals. The North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) recently approved the fourth Class VI permit for a carbon capture and storage project in the Williston basin of North Dakota for the geological CO2 storage in the Broom Creek formation. The current research aimed to conduct a comprehensive petrophysical characterization and rock physics modeling of the Broom Creek deep saline reservoir to unravel the mineralogical distribution and to understand the variations in petrophysical and elastic properties across the formation. This study utilized geophysical well logs, routine core analysis, and advanced core analysis to evaluate the Broom Creek formation. Multimineral petrophysical analysis calibrated with X-ray diffraction results reveals that this formation primarily comprises highly porous clean sandstone intervals with low-porosity interspersed with dolomite, anhydrite, and silt/clay layers. The formation exhibits varying porosities up to 0.3 and Klinkenberg air permeabilities up to ∼2600 mD. The formation water resistivity using Archie’s equation is approximately 0.055 ohm-m at 150 °F, corresponding to around 63,000 ppm NaCl salinity, which is consistent with prior data. The pore throat distribution in the samples from clean sandstone intervals is primarily situated in the macro-mega scales. However, the presence of anhydrite and dolomite impedes both porosity and pore throat sizes. The accurate prediction of effective elastic properties was achieved by developing a rock physics template. Dry rock moduli were modeled using Hill’s average, while Berryman’s self-consistent scheme was employed for modeling saturated moduli.","PeriodicalId":514548,"journal":{"name":"Fuels","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Fathi, F. Belyadi, M. F. Adenan, Christian Pacheco
This study investigates the application of fiber optic technology to optimize completion design in a hydraulic fracture stimulation for Marcellus Shale Reservoir. With a focus on improving cluster efficiencies and overcoming interstage communication challenges, the research utilizes real-time data from distributed acoustic (DAS), temperature (DTS), and strain (DSS) measurements. The methodology comprises a comprehensive analysis of completion and stimulation reports, fiber optics, microseismic data, and well logs. Conducted at the MSEEL well pads, MIP, and Boggess, and equipped with permanent and deployable fiber optic cables, this study emphasizes that engineered/geomechanical completion design leads to sustained cluster efficiency and stage production performance. Inefficient cluster efficiencies are primarily linked to fracture communication. Recommendations include employing a geomechanical completion design, avoiding non-uniform high natural fracture zones during hydraulic fracture stimulations, implementing short stage length, and using more 100 mesh sand. These insights, derived from correlations between fracture counts, distributed strain sensing (DSS), cluster efficiency, production logging, and production data, offer significant implications for optimizing completion design in unconventional reservoirs. The effective application of fiber optic technology, providing real-time DAS, DTS, and slow strain data, proves instrumental in addressing interstage communication challenges, contributing to improved reservoir performances and cost-effective operations in hydraulic fracture stimulations.
{"title":"Application of Fiber Optics for Completion Design Optimization: A Methodological Approach and Key Findings","authors":"E. Fathi, F. Belyadi, M. F. Adenan, Christian Pacheco","doi":"10.3390/fuels5010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels5010003","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the application of fiber optic technology to optimize completion design in a hydraulic fracture stimulation for Marcellus Shale Reservoir. With a focus on improving cluster efficiencies and overcoming interstage communication challenges, the research utilizes real-time data from distributed acoustic (DAS), temperature (DTS), and strain (DSS) measurements. The methodology comprises a comprehensive analysis of completion and stimulation reports, fiber optics, microseismic data, and well logs. Conducted at the MSEEL well pads, MIP, and Boggess, and equipped with permanent and deployable fiber optic cables, this study emphasizes that engineered/geomechanical completion design leads to sustained cluster efficiency and stage production performance. Inefficient cluster efficiencies are primarily linked to fracture communication. Recommendations include employing a geomechanical completion design, avoiding non-uniform high natural fracture zones during hydraulic fracture stimulations, implementing short stage length, and using more 100 mesh sand. These insights, derived from correlations between fracture counts, distributed strain sensing (DSS), cluster efficiency, production logging, and production data, offer significant implications for optimizing completion design in unconventional reservoirs. The effective application of fiber optic technology, providing real-time DAS, DTS, and slow strain data, proves instrumental in addressing interstage communication challenges, contributing to improved reservoir performances and cost-effective operations in hydraulic fracture stimulations.","PeriodicalId":514548,"journal":{"name":"Fuels","volume":"123 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sterpu, Bianca Georgiana Simedrea, T. Chiş, O. Săpunaru
Biodiesel has emerged as a progressively widespread and significant alternative to traditional diesel fuel within the transportation sector. Despite its growing popularity, the issue of corrosive tendencies upon interaction with both moving and static components of diesel engines and fuel systems poses a serious concern. This research endeavors to assess the corrosion characteristics of materials commonly found in automotive fuel systems when exposed to various blends of rapeseed oil biodiesel and diesel. The study involved static immersion tests, lasting 3360 h at room temperature, using B0, B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100 fuels. Copper, brass, aluminum, zinc, and stainless steel plate samples were subjected to these tests. The evaluation at the conclusion of the study included weight loss measurements, corrosion rate calculations, and observation of changes in the exposed metal surfaces. Surface morphology was scrutinized using a Bresser LCD MICRO 5MP digital microscope. Additionally, the total acid number (TAN) was employed to assess alterations in fuel acidity before and after the immersion tests.
{"title":"Corrosion Effect of Biodiesel-Diesel Blend on Different Metals/Alloy as Automotive Components Materials","authors":"A. Sterpu, Bianca Georgiana Simedrea, T. Chiş, O. Săpunaru","doi":"10.3390/fuels5010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels5010002","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel has emerged as a progressively widespread and significant alternative to traditional diesel fuel within the transportation sector. Despite its growing popularity, the issue of corrosive tendencies upon interaction with both moving and static components of diesel engines and fuel systems poses a serious concern. This research endeavors to assess the corrosion characteristics of materials commonly found in automotive fuel systems when exposed to various blends of rapeseed oil biodiesel and diesel. The study involved static immersion tests, lasting 3360 h at room temperature, using B0, B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100 fuels. Copper, brass, aluminum, zinc, and stainless steel plate samples were subjected to these tests. The evaluation at the conclusion of the study included weight loss measurements, corrosion rate calculations, and observation of changes in the exposed metal surfaces. Surface morphology was scrutinized using a Bresser LCD MICRO 5MP digital microscope. Additionally, the total acid number (TAN) was employed to assess alterations in fuel acidity before and after the immersion tests.","PeriodicalId":514548,"journal":{"name":"Fuels","volume":"11 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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