Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1007/s11340-026-01272-8
R. Liang, Z. Xu, M. Liu, J. Jiang, F. Yang
Background
Mechanical properties of human teeth are key for understanding functions and developing restorative materials, and the distribution of micromechanical properties across the enamel-dentine junction has been rarely explored by micro-scratch tests, especially under clinically-relevant forces.
Objective
This study aims to explore the localized mechanical responses of the enamel and dentine of a human molar by both nanoindentation and micro-scratch methods.
Methods
Nanoindentation and micro-scratch tests were carried out on enamel and dentine of a human molar.
Results
The mechanical properties (e.g., contact modulus, indentation hardness, wear resistance, plastic deformation resistance, elastic strain capacity, and brittleness index) of enamel and dentine were measured and compared: the enamel exhibits superior mechanical properties (e.g., higher contact modulus, indentation hardness, wear/plastic deformation resistance, and elastic strain capacity) compared to dentine; and dentine has a much smaller brittleness index than enamel.
Conclusions
The superior mechanical properties of enamel enable human teeth to maintain bio-functionality in harsh environment, and the smaller brittleness index of dentine allows teeth to absorb mechanical energy from repeated contact/impact without causing structural damages.
{"title":"Localized Deformation of Human Tooth","authors":"R. Liang, Z. Xu, M. Liu, J. Jiang, F. Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01272-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01272-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mechanical properties of human teeth are key for understanding functions and developing restorative materials, and the distribution of micromechanical properties across the enamel-dentine junction has been rarely explored by micro-scratch tests, especially under clinically-relevant forces.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to explore the localized mechanical responses of the enamel and dentine of a human molar by both nanoindentation and micro-scratch methods.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nanoindentation and micro-scratch tests were carried out on enamel and dentine of a human molar.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The mechanical properties (e.g., contact modulus, indentation hardness, wear resistance, plastic deformation resistance, elastic strain capacity, and brittleness index) of enamel and dentine were measured and compared: the enamel exhibits superior mechanical properties (e.g., higher contact modulus, indentation hardness, wear/plastic deformation resistance, and elastic strain capacity) compared to dentine; and dentine has a much smaller brittleness index than enamel.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The superior mechanical properties of enamel enable human teeth to maintain bio-functionality in harsh environment, and the smaller brittleness index of dentine allows teeth to absorb mechanical energy from repeated contact/impact without causing structural damages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 4","pages":"603 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-026-01272-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1007/s11340-026-01275-5
Y.-L. Fan, J.-S. Yang, F. Yang, L.-Q. Dong, H. Ren, D. Zhao, S.-G. Liu
Background
Conventional dynamic vibration absorbers face critical limitations in bandwidth and adaptability, particularly under variable excitation or stringent operational demands.
Objective
To cope with vibration systems under variable or complex load conditions, it is necessary to design an intelligent dynamic vibration absorber with superior performance.
Methods
This study leverages the magnetic field-dependent properties of magnetorheological components to design and fabricate a compact dynamic vibration absorber with tunable stiffness. The dynamic mechanical performance of the absorber was systematically evaluated using a universal testing machine and vibration exciter. Subsequent vibration control efficacy tests were conducted on a laboratory-scale scaled-down shaft system.
Results
The dynamic vibration absorber exhibits a wide range of adjustability. When the current in the dynamic vibration absorber coil increases, the equivalent stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer(MRE) elevates while the damping initially augments then attenuates; increased excitation amplitude leads to reduced stiffness and diminished damping; enhanced excitation frequency results in elevated stiffness but decreased damping. Adjusting the current enables effective modification of the vibration attenuation band.
Conclusions
This study designs and validates a compact MRE-based vibration absorber suitable for engineering applications. By combining quasi-static and frequency-domain testing, the material properties were systematically analyzed with respect to variations in current, excitation frequency, and amplitude.
{"title":"Design, Preparation and Dynamic Response of a Composite Magnetorheological Elastomer-Based Intelligent Dynamic Vibration Absorber","authors":"Y.-L. Fan, J.-S. Yang, F. Yang, L.-Q. Dong, H. Ren, D. Zhao, S.-G. Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01275-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01275-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Conventional dynamic vibration absorbers face critical limitations in bandwidth and adaptability, particularly under variable excitation or stringent operational demands.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To cope with vibration systems under variable or complex load conditions, it is necessary to design an intelligent dynamic vibration absorber with superior performance.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study leverages the magnetic field-dependent properties of magnetorheological components to design and fabricate a compact dynamic vibration absorber with tunable stiffness. The dynamic mechanical performance of the absorber was systematically evaluated using a universal testing machine and vibration exciter. Subsequent vibration control efficacy tests were conducted on a laboratory-scale scaled-down shaft system.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The dynamic vibration absorber exhibits a wide range of adjustability. When the current in the dynamic vibration absorber coil increases, the equivalent stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer(MRE) elevates while the damping initially augments then attenuates; increased excitation amplitude leads to reduced stiffness and diminished damping; enhanced excitation frequency results in elevated stiffness but decreased damping. Adjusting the current enables effective modification of the vibration attenuation band.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study designs and validates a compact MRE-based vibration absorber suitable for engineering applications. By combining quasi-static and frequency-domain testing, the material properties were systematically analyzed with respect to variations in current, excitation frequency, and amplitude.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 6","pages":"917 - 927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01257-z
L. Makhool, D.-O. Cloidt, D. Balzani
Background
Determining the optimal number of classical biaxial tests and the selection of appropriate stress ratios for characterizing the complex behavior of coated woven fabrics is a challenge. Thus, the reliability of models calibrated using these homogeneous tests in predicting engineering structural performance may be limited.
Objective
A recently proposed experimental-numerical approach has been shown in a feasibility study to offer a new perspective for the characterization of nonlinear anisotropic thin materials (Makhool and Balzani Experimental Mech 64:353–375 2025). The goal here is not only to validate the robustness and efficiency of this much less expensive identification framework using real experimental data from a single experiment on coated woven fabrics, but also to demonstrate that the parameters obtained based thereon may even improve the accuracy of structural analysis.
Methods
On the basis of the Equilibrium Gap Method, provided that the material parameters are linear in the constitutive equations, a quadratic objective function is formulated, enabling a unique identification. Key of this framework are inhomogeneous full-field kinematics obtained from a single experimental setup designed to excite all essential deformation modes in the material model. Prior to incorporating the data into the discretized equilibrium equations, a pre-processing step is conducted, involving interpolation and extrapolation of the displacements on the scattered speckle pattern to map the values onto the computational grid.
Results
The analysis validates the efficiency of the framework for the identification of material parameters using a single inhomogeneous displacement field captured by Digital Image Correlation. Further, through examining a boundary value problem replicating a modified experimental setup, highly predictive numerical results that closely match experimental data are obtained incorporating the identified parameters. In contrast, the acquired response using parameters derived from a classical fitting method shows notable deviations. The difference becomes particularly significant for a complex roof structure investigated as an example engineering problem.
Conclusion
Based on real experiments, the experimental-numerical framework turns out to indeed allow for an efficient and unique identification of material parameters in hyperelastic models for coated woven fabrics. Since a variety of different stress-ratios are integrated at once in the experiment by considering inhomogeneous kinematics, also an improved accuracy in structural simulations is found.
确定经典双轴试验的最佳次数和选择合适的应力比来表征涂覆机织物的复杂行为是一个挑战。因此，使用这些均匀试验校准的模型在预测工程结构性能方面的可靠性可能有限。目的最近提出的一种实验-数值方法在一项可行性研究中得到证实，为非线性各向异性薄材料的表征提供了新的视角（Makhool and Balzani Experimental Mech 64:353-375 2025）。本文的目标不仅是利用单次涂覆机织物实验的真实实验数据来验证这种成本更低的识别框架的鲁棒性和效率，而且还证明基于该框架获得的参数甚至可以提高结构分析的准确性。方法在平衡间隙法的基础上，在本构方程中材料参数为线性的条件下，建立二次目标函数，实现对材料的唯一识别。该框架的关键是从单一实验装置中获得的非均匀全场运动学，该实验装置旨在激发材料模型中的所有基本变形模式。在将数据纳入离散平衡方程之前，进行预处理步骤，包括对散斑图案上的位移进行插值和外推，以将值映射到计算网格上。结果分析验证了该框架利用数字图像相关捕获的单个非均匀位移场识别材料参数的有效性。此外，通过检查复制修改实验设置的边界值问题，结合已识别的参数，获得与实验数据密切匹配的高度预测性数值结果。相比之下，使用经典拟合方法获得的参数的响应有明显的偏差。对于作为实例工程问题的复杂屋顶结构，这种差异显得尤为显著。结论基于实际实验，实验-数值框架确实能够有效且独特地识别涂覆机织物超弹性模型中的材料参数。由于在考虑非均匀运动的情况下，实验中同时集成了多种不同的应力比，从而提高了结构模拟的精度。
{"title":"Efficient Identification of Stiffness Parameters in Hyperelastic Models for Coated Woven Fabrics Based on a Single Experiment - Comparative Study Using Real Experiment","authors":"L. Makhool, D.-O. Cloidt, D. Balzani","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01257-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01257-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Determining the optimal number of classical biaxial tests and the selection of appropriate stress ratios for characterizing the complex behavior of coated woven fabrics is a challenge. Thus, the reliability of models calibrated using these homogeneous tests in predicting engineering structural performance may be limited.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>A recently proposed experimental-numerical approach has been shown in a feasibility study to offer a new perspective for the characterization of nonlinear anisotropic thin materials (Makhool and Balzani Experimental Mech 64:353–375 2025). The goal here is not only to validate the robustness and efficiency of this much less expensive identification framework using real experimental data from a single experiment on coated woven fabrics, but also to demonstrate that the parameters obtained based thereon may even improve the accuracy of structural analysis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>On the basis of the Equilibrium Gap Method, provided that the material parameters are linear in the constitutive equations, a quadratic objective function is formulated, enabling a unique identification. Key of this framework are inhomogeneous full-field kinematics obtained from a single experimental setup designed to excite all essential deformation modes in the material model. Prior to incorporating the data into the discretized equilibrium equations, a pre-processing step is conducted, involving interpolation and extrapolation of the displacements on the scattered speckle pattern to map the values onto the computational grid.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis validates the efficiency of the framework for the identification of material parameters using a single inhomogeneous displacement field captured by Digital Image Correlation. Further, through examining a boundary value problem replicating a modified experimental setup, highly predictive numerical results that closely match experimental data are obtained incorporating the identified parameters. In contrast, the acquired response using parameters derived from a classical fitting method shows notable deviations. The difference becomes particularly significant for a complex roof structure investigated as an example engineering problem.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on real experiments, the experimental-numerical framework turns out to indeed allow for an efficient and unique identification of material parameters in hyperelastic models for coated woven fabrics. Since a variety of different stress-ratios are integrated at once in the experiment by considering inhomogeneous kinematics, also an improved accuracy in structural simulations is found.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 3","pages":"529 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01257-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01260-4
R. Vidya Sagar, S. A. Samadhan, N. Gupta
Background
The background of this study lies in understanding the mechanical behavior of fibrous cementitious composites under Mode I fracture at varying loading rates, which is primarily governed by the dynamic interaction between the steel fibers and the cementitious matrix. Although steel fiber reinforced concrete is engineered to enhance ductility and crack resistance, overall performance may change under quasistatic to moderate loading due to sensitivity to loading rate effects.
Objective
The objective of this study is to address the existing research gap by investigating the influence of the loading rate on key fracture parameters, including fracture energy, ultimate peak load, crack mouth opening displacement at peak load, and mid-span deflection. The evolution of crack propagation was analyzed through digital image correlation, enabling the computation of fictitious crack tip displacements.
Methods
An experimental program involving three-point bending tests was conducted on notched beams with varying steel fiber volume fractions (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) to assess the effect of loading rate on the fracture behavior. Results showed a clear loading rate dependency in both plain and fibrous cementitious composites.
Results
The analysis shows that for a given crack mouth opening displacement, higher loading rates result in greater fictitious crack tip advancement, highlighting the rate-sensitive nature of fracture processes in both plain and steel fiber reinforced concrete.
Conclusions
These findings contribute to an understanding of the loading rate dependent fracture behavior of fibrous cementitious composites and offer insights for the design and analysis of structural elements subjected to various loading conditions.
{"title":"Loading Rate Dependent Mode I Fracture in Fibrous Cementitious Composites: Insights from Digital Image Correlation Method","authors":"R. Vidya Sagar, S. A. Samadhan, N. Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01260-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01260-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The background of this study lies in understanding the mechanical behavior of fibrous cementitious composites under Mode I fracture at varying loading rates, which is primarily governed by the dynamic interaction between the steel fibers and the cementitious matrix. Although steel fiber reinforced concrete is engineered to enhance ductility and crack resistance, overall performance may change under quasistatic to moderate loading due to sensitivity to loading rate effects.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study is to address the existing research gap by investigating the influence of the loading rate on key fracture parameters, including fracture energy, ultimate peak load, crack mouth opening displacement at peak load, and mid-span deflection. The evolution of crack propagation was analyzed through digital image correlation, enabling the computation of fictitious crack tip displacements.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>An experimental program involving three-point bending tests was conducted on notched beams with varying steel fiber volume fractions (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) to assess the effect of loading rate on the fracture behavior. Results showed a clear loading rate dependency in both plain and fibrous cementitious composites.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis shows that for a given crack mouth opening displacement, higher loading rates result in greater fictitious crack tip advancement, highlighting the rate-sensitive nature of fracture processes in both plain and steel fiber reinforced concrete.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings contribute to an understanding of the loading rate dependent fracture behavior of fibrous cementitious composites and offer insights for the design and analysis of structural elements subjected to various loading conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 3","pages":"515 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1007/s11340-026-01264-8
{"title":"On the Cover: Design and Validation of a Symmetric Drop Weight System for Tensile Intermediate Strain Rate Characterization","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11340-026-01264-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-026-01264-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 2","pages":"221 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01255-1
D. Tan, S. Liang, B. Li, B. Guan, A. Su, Y. Lin, D. Zhang, M. Wan, Z. Liu, C. Wang, J. Zhu, Z. Li, Y. Shang, Q. Yu
Background
Stereo optical measurement techniques, such as digital image correlation (DIC), are widely used in 3D deformation measurement as non-contact, full-field measurement methods, in which stereo calibration is a crucial step. However, current stereo calibration methods lack intuitive optimal pose guidance, leading to inefficiency and suboptimal accuracy in deformation measurements.
Objective
The aim of this study is to develop an interactive calibration framework that automatically generates the next optimal pose, enabling high-accuracy stereo calibration for 3D deformation measurement.
Methods
We propose a pose optimization method that introduces joint optimization of relative and absolute extrinsic parameters, with the minimization of the covariance matrix trace adopted as the loss function to solve for the next optimal pose. Integrated with this method is a user-friendly graphical interface, which guides even non-expert users to capture qualified calibration images.
Results
Our proposed method demonstrates superior efficiency (requiring fewer images) and accuracy (demonstrating lower measurement errors) compared to random pose, while maintaining robustness across varying FOVs. In the thermal deformation measurement tests (500–700(^{circ })C) on an S-shaped specimen, the results exhibit high agreement with finite element analysis (FEA) simulations in both deformation magnitude and evolutionary trends.
Conclusions
We present a pose guidance method for high-precision stereo calibration in 3D deformation measurement. The simulation experiments, real-world experiments, and thermal deformation measurement applications all demonstrate the significant application potential of our proposed method in the field of 3D deformation measurement.
{"title":"Optimal Pose Guidance for Stereo Calibration in 3D Deformation Measurement","authors":"D. Tan, S. Liang, B. Li, B. Guan, A. Su, Y. Lin, D. Zhang, M. Wan, Z. Liu, C. Wang, J. Zhu, Z. Li, Y. Shang, Q. Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01255-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01255-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Stereo optical measurement techniques, such as digital image correlation (DIC), are widely used in 3D deformation measurement as non-contact, full-field measurement methods, in which stereo calibration is a crucial step. However, current stereo calibration methods lack intuitive optimal pose guidance, leading to inefficiency and suboptimal accuracy in deformation measurements.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study is to develop an interactive calibration framework that automatically generates the next optimal pose, enabling high-accuracy stereo calibration for 3D deformation measurement.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We propose a pose optimization method that introduces joint optimization of relative and absolute extrinsic parameters, with the minimization of the covariance matrix trace adopted as the loss function to solve for the next optimal pose. Integrated with this method is a user-friendly graphical interface, which guides even non-expert users to capture qualified calibration images.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our proposed method demonstrates superior efficiency (requiring fewer images) and accuracy (demonstrating lower measurement errors) compared to random pose, while maintaining robustness across varying FOVs. In the thermal deformation measurement tests (500–700<span>(^{circ })</span>C) on an S-shaped specimen, the results exhibit high agreement with finite element analysis (FEA) simulations in both deformation magnitude and evolutionary trends.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We present a pose guidance method for high-precision stereo calibration in 3D deformation measurement. The simulation experiments, real-world experiments, and thermal deformation measurement applications all demonstrate the significant application potential of our proposed method in the field of 3D deformation measurement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 3","pages":"501 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01263-1
C. Furlong, H. Espinosa, K.-S. Kim, G. A. Shaw, M. Sutton
{"title":"Celebrating Prof. Cesar Sciammarella’s 100th Anniversary and Contributions","authors":"C. Furlong, H. Espinosa, K.-S. Kim, G. A. Shaw, M. Sutton","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01263-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01263-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 1","pages":"5 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01253-3
E. Mehrdad, P. B. Javadzadeh, Y. Ren, N. Peterson, A. Clarke, R. Regueiro, A. K. Arzoumanidis, B. K. Bay, H. Lu
Background
Digital volume correlation (DVC) of in-situ X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) images provides a powerful means to quantify internal deformation and damage characteristics of particulate composite materials under mechanical loading. However, accurately tracking structural evolution becomes more challenging when the material undergoes large deformations accompanied by crack formation and growth.
Objective
This study aims to improve the accuracy and robustness of DVC analysis in heavily damaged particulate composites by implementing a backward incremental DVC approach.
Methods
The internal response of a mock plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) composite was examined. The composite was fabricated by embedding IDOX crystals, 75–150 (mu )m in size, within a polyurethane-based binder, Estane. A cylindrical specimen was subjected to unconfined compression, during which sequential µCT scans were acquired. In the backward DVC approach, correlations are performed in reverse, from the most deformed state back to the undeformed configuration through intermediate steps, using the conventional DVC framework. This method enhances displacement tracking fidelity in regions with severe cracking and interfacial failure.
Results
The backward incremental DVC approach provides improved resolution of displacement and deformation fields near crack-affected regions compared with conventional DVC methods. It enables detailed observation of interface delamination between grains and binder associated with crack initiation and coalescence.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate that the backward incremental DVC technique effectively characterizes complex deformation mechanisms in damaged particulate composites and provides valuable experimental data for validating high-fidelity numerical simulations that resolve grain-scale interactions.
{"title":"In-Situ Internal Deformation Measurement of an IDOX Particulate Estane Binder Composite via Backward Digital Volume Correlation","authors":"E. Mehrdad, P. B. Javadzadeh, Y. Ren, N. Peterson, A. Clarke, R. Regueiro, A. K. Arzoumanidis, B. K. Bay, H. Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01253-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01253-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Digital volume correlation (DVC) of in-situ X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) images provides a powerful means to quantify internal deformation and damage characteristics of particulate composite materials under mechanical loading. However, accurately tracking structural evolution becomes more challenging when the material undergoes large deformations accompanied by crack formation and growth.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to improve the accuracy and robustness of DVC analysis in heavily damaged particulate composites by implementing a backward incremental DVC approach.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The internal response of a mock plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) composite was examined. The composite was fabricated by embedding IDOX crystals, 75–150 <span>(mu )</span>m in size, within a polyurethane-based binder, Estane. A cylindrical specimen was subjected to unconfined compression, during which sequential µCT scans were acquired. In the backward DVC approach, correlations are performed in reverse, from the most deformed state back to the undeformed configuration through intermediate steps, using the conventional DVC framework. This method enhances displacement tracking fidelity in regions with severe cracking and interfacial failure.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The backward incremental DVC approach provides improved resolution of displacement and deformation fields near crack-affected regions compared with conventional DVC methods. It enables detailed observation of interface delamination between grains and binder associated with crack initiation and coalescence.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results demonstrate that the backward incremental DVC technique effectively characterizes complex deformation mechanisms in damaged particulate composites and provides valuable experimental data for validating high-fidelity numerical simulations that resolve grain-scale interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 1","pages":"103 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01262-2
{"title":"On the Cover: Celebrating Prof. Cesar Sciammarella’s 100th Anniversary and Contributions","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01262-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01262-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01261-3
S. Xia, K.-S. Kim
Background
This work is dedicated to Professor Cesar Sciamarella for his contributions to Experimental Mechanics on his 100th birthday.
Objective
We introduce an experimental framework that enables characterization of micro-slip friction behavior in quasi-static rough surface contact.
Methods
We utilize high-resolution displacement-field measurements with electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and employ physically guided digital data processing, facilitated by equilibrium smoothing. This approach allows for the characterization of mesoscale interfacial contact and slip zones. Our verification experiments utilized an innovative end-loaded split (ELS) test apparatus to investigate microslip processes in PMMA contact interfaces.
Results
We observed an apparent interpenetration of contact surfaces that follows a power-law relationship between the normal contact stress and the apparent penetration depth. This apparent interpenetration is attributed to an interfacial roughness layer (IRL). Under combined normal and shear loading, we measured a slip precursor of about 3 microns—known as the Dieterich characteristic slip distance—before macroscopic slip.
Conclusions
This experimental framework broadly holds potential for a wide range of studies in contact mechanics and tribology, including interface adhesion, cold welding, and fretting wear. It may deepen our understanding of rough surface interactions.
{"title":"Mesoscale Characterizations of Micro-Slip Friction between Rough Surfaces with ESPI","authors":"S. Xia, K.-S. Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01261-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01261-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This work is dedicated to Professor Cesar Sciamarella for his contributions to Experimental Mechanics on his 100th birthday.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>We introduce an experimental framework that enables characterization of micro-slip friction behavior in quasi-static rough surface contact.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We utilize high-resolution displacement-field measurements with electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and employ physically guided digital data processing, facilitated by equilibrium smoothing. This approach allows for the characterization of mesoscale interfacial contact and slip zones. Our verification experiments utilized an innovative end-loaded split (ELS) test apparatus to investigate microslip processes in PMMA contact interfaces.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed an apparent interpenetration of contact surfaces that follows a power-law relationship between the normal contact stress and the apparent penetration depth. This apparent interpenetration is attributed to an interfacial roughness layer (IRL). Under combined normal and shear loading, we measured a slip precursor of about 3 microns—known as the Dieterich characteristic slip distance—before macroscopic slip.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This experimental framework broadly holds potential for a wide range of studies in contact mechanics and tribology, including interface adhesion, cold welding, and fretting wear. It may deepen our understanding of rough surface interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"66 1","pages":"25 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号