Brain and Language最新文献_第6页

Neural substrates for the encoding of the contextual tonal alternation: An fNIRS study of Mandarin third-tone sandhi in word production 语境变调编码的神经基础：汉语三音变调的fNIRS研究

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105636

Xiaocong Chen , Tai Yuan , Yiya Chen , Fumo Huang , Caicai Zhang

Phonological alternations are common in speech, but the neurocognitive mechanisms for their encoding during word production remain unclear. Mandarin Tone 3 sandhi is an example of phonological alternation, whereby the Tone 3 (T3), a low-dipping tone, changes to a Tone 2 (T2)-like rising tone when followed by another T3. Previous research indicates that both the underlying tonal category and the surface tonal variant are activated during T3 sandhi word production, but the neural substrates of these sub-processes remain unclear. Using Mandarin T3 sandhi as a case study, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to better understand the neural bases of phonological alternations. Participants completed a phonologically-primed picture naming task, with different tonal relationships between monosyllabic primes and T3 sandhi words manipulated. Behaviorally, we replicated the facilitatory effects of T3 and T2 primes on the naming latencies of T3 sandhi words, confirming the activation of both underlying and surface tonal information. Compared to control primes, the fNIRS data revealed reduced activation in left temporal and bilateral frontal regions during T3 sandhi word production following T3 primes, indicating facilitation in retrieving the underlying tonal category and/or the wordform of T3 sandhi words, which may proceed to the downstream articulatory planning and execution of the context-specific tonal contour. Conversely, increased activation in left temporal regions but decreased activation in frontal regions was found during T3 sandhi word production following T2 primes, implying higher lexical-phonological competition in the wordform retrieval but facilitation in articulatory planning. Our findings offer implications for understanding the neural encoding of phonological alternations.

语音变化在言语中很常见，但在单词生成过程中其编码的神经认知机制尚不清楚。普通话调三连读是音位变化的一个例子，即调三（T3），一个低下沉的音调，在另一个调三之后变成一个类似调二（T2）的上升音调。先前的研究表明，在T3变调词生成过程中，潜在的音调类别和表面的音调变体都被激活，但这些子过程的神经基础尚不清楚。本文以普通话T3变调为例，利用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）分析了语音变化的神经基础。参与者完成了一项语音启动的图片命名任务，单音节启动和三个变调词之间存在不同的音调关系。在行为上，我们复制了T3和T2启动物对T3变调词命名潜伏期的促进作用，证实了底层和表面音调信息的激活。与对照启动词相比，fNIRS数据显示，在T3启动词产生过程中，左颞叶和双侧额叶区域的激活减少，表明在提取T3变调词的潜在音调类别和/或词形方面更容易，这可能会导致下游的发音规划和情境特定音调轮廓的执行。相反，在T2启动后的第三阶段，左颞区激活增加，额叶区激活减少，这意味着在单词检索中词汇-语音竞争加剧，但在发音规划中更容易。我们的发现为理解语音变化的神经编码提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Initial evidence of altered functional network connectivity in children with developmental language disorder 发展性语言障碍儿童功能网络连接改变的初步证据

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105637

Gaelle E. Doucet , Jordanna A. Kruse , Nichole M. Eden , Lisa Goffman , Karla K. McGregor

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by not only significant difficulty with language learning, comprehension, and expression but also with executive, procedural and/or motor functions. The understanding of the brain abnormalities in DLD remains largely unclear and functional MRI (fMRI) studies have largely focused on the language network. Using resting-state fMRI, we investigated whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) in 22 children with DLD and 23 with typical language development (TD), aged 7-to-13-years. Using a non-parametric network-based statistics approach, we found that children with DLD had an extensive network of lower FC across the whole brain, compared to the TD children. In particular, the sensorimotor (SM), cognitive control (CC) and default-mode (DM) networks included the largest amounts of altered FC. In detail, FC links within the DM network and between the SM and DM networks, and between the SM and CC networks were the most altered. No FC was found to be significantly higher in the children with DLD than in their peers with TD. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of resting-state FC in children with DLD, showing widespread functional brain abnormalities that are not limited to the language network, but rather involve networks supporting other cognitive and motor functions. Such extensive functional abnormalities offer a potential explanation for the other cognitive and motor impairments characterizing DLD.

发展性语言障碍（Developmental Language Disorder， DLD）是一种常见的神经发育疾病，其特征不仅是语言学习、理解和表达方面的显著困难，而且还包括执行、程序和/或运动功能方面的困难。对DLD中大脑异常的理解仍不清楚，功能MRI （fMRI）研究主要集中在语言网络上。我们使用静息状态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了22名7- 13岁的DLD儿童和23名典型语言发育（TD）儿童的全脑功能连接（FC）。使用基于非参数网络的统计方法，我们发现与TD儿童相比，DLD儿童在整个大脑中具有广泛的下FC网络。特别是，感觉运动（SM）、认知控制（CC）和默认模式（DM）网络包括最大数量的FC改变。其中，DM网络内部、SM与DM网络之间、SM与CC网络之间的FC链路变化最大。没有发现DLD患儿的FC明显高于TD患儿。据我们所知，这是对DLD儿童静息状态FC的首次调查，显示了广泛的功能性大脑异常，不仅限于语言网络，而且涉及支持其他认知和运动功能的网络。这种广泛的功能异常为DLD的其他认知和运动障碍提供了潜在的解释。

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引用次数: 0

An exploratory study and new model of the role of implicit timing in sentence comprehension 内隐时间在句子理解中的探索性研究与新模式

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105635

Arianna N. LaCroix , Corianne Rogalsky

Linguistic prosody is essential for language comprehension, but our recent findings suggest that some people with stroke (PWS) comprehend sentences better when typical prosodic contours are replaced with list-like prosody. We investigated this surprising behavioral finding by examining the neural basis of list prosody using fMRI in neurotypical controls, finding increased activation in the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyri, regardless of sentence structure. In PWS, lesion-symptom mapping revealed distinct effects: those with left posterior superior temporal gyrus and left striatum damage showed slower response times with list prosody for simple sentences and faster but less accurate responses for complex sentences. Conversely, PWS with left globus pallidus damage benefitted from list prosody, showing faster responses for simple sentences and slower but more accurate responses for complex ones. These findings inform a neuroanatomical model of the role of implicit timing in auditory sentence comprehension, providing a framework for future research.

语言韵律对语言理解至关重要，但我们最近的研究结果表明，当一些中风患者用列表韵律代替典型的韵律轮廓时，他们能更好地理解句子。我们通过使用功能磁共振成像检查列表韵律的神经基础来研究这一令人惊讶的行为发现，在神经正常的对照中，发现无论句子结构如何，双侧后颞上回的激活都增加了。在PWS中，病变-症状映射显示出明显的影响：左侧颞后上回和左侧纹状体损伤的患者对简单句的表韵律反应时间较慢，对复杂句的反应速度较快，但准确性较低。相反，左侧苍白球损伤的PWS受益于列表韵律，对简单句子的反应更快，对复杂句子的反应更慢但更准确。这些发现为内隐时间在听觉句子理解中的作用提供了神经解剖学模型，为未来的研究提供了框架。

引用次数: 0

Does gesture follow speech in describing metaphorical motion events over developmental time? 在描述发展过程中的隐喻运动事件时，手势是否跟随言语？

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105620

Şeyda Özçalışkan , Susan Goldin-Meadow

Children learning structurally different languages display variability in the way they package semantic elements of a physical motion event in gesture, mirroring the patterns found in speech for the same events. In this study, we ask whether these differences extend to metaphorical motion events and, if so, when in development the patterns become evident. We studied the speech and gestures produced by 100 children learning English or Turkish (n = 50/language)—equally divided into 5 age groups: 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–12 years—when describing metaphorical motion events (e.g., idea runs out of the mind). We compared the patterns to previously reported findings on the same children describing physical motion (e.g., girl runs out of the house). Our results showed evidence for cross-linguistic differences in the expression of metaphorical motion events in both speech and gesture, akin to cross-linguistic differences observed in the expression of physical motion events. But language-specific patterns emerged later in metaphorical than in physical motion descriptions, both in speech and in co-speech gesture. Our results suggest that gesture and speech form tightly integrated systems in the expression of metaphorical concepts, as they do for the expression of physical events, by children learning structurally different languages.

学习结构不同的语言的儿童在用手势包装物理运动事件的语义元素的方式上表现出可变性，这反映了在言语中发现的相同事件的模式。在这项研究中，我们询问这些差异是否延伸到隐喻运动事件，如果是，当发展模式变得明显。我们研究了100名学习英语或土耳其语的儿童（n = 50/语言）在描述隐喻性运动事件（例如，想法从脑海中消失）时所产生的言语和手势。这些儿童平均分为5个年龄组：3-4岁、5 - 6岁、7-8岁、9-10岁、11-12岁。我们将这些模式与先前报道的同一儿童描述身体运动的发现（例如，女孩跑出房子）进行了比较。我们的研究结果显示了言语和手势中隐喻运动事件表达的跨语言差异，类似于在物理运动事件表达中观察到的跨语言差异。但语言特定模式在隐喻中比在物理运动描述中出现得晚，无论是在说话还是在共同说话的手势中。我们的研究结果表明，通过学习结构不同的语言，手势和语言在隐喻概念的表达中形成了紧密结合的系统，正如它们在物理事件的表达中所做的那样。

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引用次数: 0

Neural mechanisms of face cue predictability and the integration of facial and acoustic cues in native- and nonnative-accented words 面部线索可预测性的神经机制以及在母语和非母语重音单词中面部和声音线索的整合

IF 2.1 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105621

Daisy Lei , Yuka Tatsumi , Erica Hsieh , Cristal Giorio , Janet G. van Hell

This study examined the integration of face cue and native- and nonnative-accented English speech by manipulating the face cue predictability of a speaker’s accent (predictable: one accent (American-accent or Chinese-accented), not predictable: two accents (American-accented and Chinese-accented). Monolingual listeners were first familiarized with each speaker’s number and type of accent(s). Then, they completed an EEG-recorded auditory go/no-go animal decision task where the no-go items were critical words and nonwords. Listeners saw a face cue (speaker image) before speech onset and concurrently with the speech. Pre-speech ERP results revealed that listeners processed face cues differently based on face cue predictability. Post-speech ERP analyses revealed N400 lexicality effects for native-accented speech, and face cue predictability effects for nonnative-accented speech. No N400 effects were found for an audio-only experiment. This indicates that the monolingual listeners integrate face cues and auditory cues during real-time nonnative-accented speech processing, but not during native-accented speech processing.

本研究通过操纵面部线索对说话者口音的可预测性(可预测的：一种口音（美国口音或中国口音），不可预测的：两种口音（美国口音和中国口音），来检验面部线索与母语和非母语英语口音的整合。单语听众首先熟悉每个说话者的口音数量和类型。然后，他们完成了一项脑电图记录的听觉“去/不去”动物决策任务，其中不去的项目是关键词和非词。听众在演讲开始前和演讲同时看到了面部提示（说话者图像）。言语前ERP结果显示，听者对面部线索的处理基于面部线索的可预测性。言语后ERP分析发现，N400词汇量对母语语音有影响，而对非母语语音有影响。在纯音频实验中没有发现N400效应。这表明单语听者在实时非母语口音语音处理过程中整合了面部线索和听觉线索，而在实时母语口音语音处理过程中则没有。

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引用次数: 0

Language mixing in people with aphasia: A cross-linguistic analysis using the 4M model 失语症患者的语言混合：使用4M模型的跨语言分析

IF 2.1 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105616

Aviva Lerman , Alina Bihovsky , Natalia Meir , Michal Ben-Shachar , Mira Goral

Language mixing (LM) is common among individuals who speak two or more languages. LM in healthy multilingual individuals has been studied extensively, often by applying the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) and the 4M model, both developed by Myers-Scotton and colleagues. Our study examined LM in multilingual people with aphasia (PWA), to determine: (1) frequency of LM in the first-acquired language (L1) and later-acquired languages (L2/L3); (2) whether the 4M model accounts for LM patterns; and (3) how language-specific characteristics affect LM.

Narratives produced by 18 multilingual PWA (English-Hebrew; English-Spanish, English-Hebrew-Spanish and Russian-Hebrew speakers) with and without agrammatism were analyzed using the 4M model. More LM was observed in L2 contexts compared to L1 in participants with agrammatism, yet in participants without agrammatism no differences were found between L1 and L2. The patterns of LM in target and non-target languages were similar across L1 and L2: content morphemes were more likely to be embedded into the matrix language, aligning with previous research on healthy multilingual controls. Differences were found between the types of LM across the four studied languages.

Our findings indicate that multilingual PWA mix languages in a typical manner, similar to neurotypical multilingual individuals, aligning with the predictions of the 4M model. Furthermore, in multilingual PWA, as in healthy multilingual people, differences in LM across languages are related to the morphological richness of the matrix language and the congruency of the languages involved in LM. Clinically, based on our results, LM can be encouraged as a communication aid.

语言混合（LM）在讲两种或两种以上语言的个体中很常见。健康的多语言个体的语言学习已经得到了广泛的研究，通常是通过使用矩阵语言框架（MLF）和4M模型，这两种模型都是由Myers-Scotton及其同事开发的。本研究对多语失语症患者（PWA）的LM进行了检测，以确定：(1)在第一习得语言（L1）和后习得语言（L2/L3）中LM的频率；(2) 4M模型是否考虑了LM模式；(3)语言特征对LM的影响。由18个多语种PWA(英语-希伯来语；使用4M模型对英语-西班牙语、英语-希伯来语-西班牙语和俄语-希伯来语使用者进行了分析。在有语法障碍的参与者中，L2语境中的LM比L1语境中更多，而在没有语法障碍的参与者中，L1语境和L2语境之间没有差异。目标语言和非目标语言的LM模式在第一语言和第二语言中相似：内容语素更有可能嵌入到矩阵语言中，这与先前关于健康多语言对照的研究一致。在四种被研究的语言中，LM的类型存在差异。我们的研究结果表明，多语言PWA以典型的方式混合语言，类似于神经典型的多语言个体，与4M模型的预测一致。此外，在多语PWA中，与健康的多语人群一样，不同语言的LM差异与矩阵语言的形态学丰富度和LM中涉及的语言的一致性有关。在临床上，根据我们的结果，LM可以作为一种交流辅助工具加以鼓励。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct and overlapping neural correlates of English L2 and coding learning in Chinese preschoolers: An fNIRS study 中国学龄前儿童英语第二语言与编码学习的不同和重叠的神经关联：一项fNIRS研究

IF 2.1 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105611

Jinfeng Yang , Dandan Wu , Keya Ding , Xinyi Dong , Jinwen Li , Hui Li

This fNIRS study investigated the neural correlates of English L2 vocabulary and coding learning in 51 Chinese-speaking preschoolers (28 boys; M _age = 5.78 years, SD _age = 0.92). We hypothesized that L2 vocabulary learning would engage language-related brain regions while Coding would activate visuospatial areas. Results revealed distinct activation patterns: L2 vocabulary learning elicited decreased activation in right prefrontal regions (BA10, BA46), potentially reflecting increased neural efficiency, while coding increased activation in left prefrontal and premotor areas (BA6, BA9, BA44), consistent with visuospatial and planning demands. Functional connectivity analyses revealed stronger interhemispheric connectivity during word learning. Chinese literacy skills negatively correlated with brain activation during L2 word learning, suggesting greater neural efficiency in children with stronger L1 skills. This relationship was less robust for Coding. These findings elucidate the distinct neural substrates of early language and coding acquisition and inform educational strategies.

本研究探讨了51名汉语学龄前儿童(男孩28名；M年龄= 5.78岁，SD年龄= 0.92)。我们假设二语词汇学习将涉及语言相关的大脑区域，而编码将激活视觉空间区域。结果显示了不同的激活模式：第二语言词汇学习引起右侧前额叶区域（BA10, BA46）的激活减少，可能反映了神经效率的提高，而编码引起左侧前额叶和运动前区域（BA6, BA9, BA44）的激活增加，与视觉空间和规划需求一致。功能连通性分析显示，在单词学习过程中，大脑半球间的连通性更强。汉语读写能力与第二语言词汇学习过程中的脑激活呈负相关，表明母语能力越强的儿童的神经效率越高。这种关系在编码中就不那么牢固了。这些发现阐明了早期语言和编码习得的不同神经基础，并为教育策略提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

The neural mechanisms underlying semantic unification and semanteme integration 语义统一和语义整合的神经机制

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105629

Wenjia Zhang , Jie Dong , Genyi Feng , Gang Wang , Zongwen Gu , Xu Gao , Xinyi Liu , Hao Yan

The basic composition processing of human language (at least) contains semantic unification and semanteme integration. However, previous researchers only focused on the neural mechanism underlying semantic unification. In the current study, participants were asked to complete both the semantic unification and semanteme integration tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. In each task, the violated and congruent conditions were constructed. The regional activation analyses showed that the violation effect (violated > congruent) elicited more activation in the right anterior temporal lobe (RATL) in the semantic unification task and more widespread activation in the semanteme integration task. Moreover, the results of psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses showed that the violation effect elicited significant connectivity such as between RATL and bilateral angular gyrus (AG) only in the semanteme integration task. Altogether, these results suggested that semanteme integration elicited more activation and functional connectivity compared with semantic unification.

人类语言（至少）的基本构成过程包括语义统一和语义整合。然而，以往的研究只关注语义统一背后的神经机制。在本研究中，参与者被要求在进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描的同时完成语义统一和语义整合任务。在每个任务中，构造违和条件和一致条件。区域激活分析表明，违逆效应(violation >；在语义统一任务和语义整合任务中，右颞叶前部（RATL）的激活更为广泛。此外，心理生理相互作用（PPI）分析结果表明，违反效应仅在语义整合任务中诱发了RATL与双侧角回（AG）之间的显著连通性。综上所述，这些结果表明，与语义统一相比，语义整合引发了更多的激活和功能连接。

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引用次数: 0

The effects on tACS and tRNS on language function: A literature review tACS和tRNS对语言功能的影响：文献综述

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105630

Leah Urwicz, Silvia Marchesotti, Adrian G. Guggisberg

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques are promising noninvasive tools for modulating language-related neural processes. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been well studied, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) remain less characterized. This review synthesizes findings from 11 studies (394 participants) investigating the effects of tACS and tRNS on language processing in neurotypical individuals. Both techniques significantly enhance phonological and semantic processing, with a moderate overall effect size, and with outcomes varying according to stimulation parameters and target regions. The effect remained significant after adjusting for potential publication bias, supporting the robustness of the findings. Prefrontal stimulation was preferentially used for enhancing phonological skills, while stimulation of both temporal and prefrontal areas influenced semantic processing. Future research would benefit from examining network-level effects, developing personalized stimulation protocols, and assessing long-term outcomes − areas that remain underexplored − to advance theoretical understanding and clinical applications.

经颅电刺激（tES）技术是一种很有前途的无创工具，用于调节语言相关的神经过程。虽然经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）已经得到了很好的研究，但经颅交流电刺激（tACS）和经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS）的研究仍然较少。本综述综合了11项研究（394名参与者）的研究结果，这些研究调查了tACS和tRNS对神经正常个体语言处理的影响。这两种技术都显著增强了语音和语义加工，总体效应大小适中，结果因刺激参数和目标区域而异。在调整了潜在的发表偏倚后，效果仍然显著，支持了研究结果的稳健性。前额叶刺激优先用于提高语音技能，而颞叶和前额叶的刺激都影响语义加工。未来的研究将受益于检查网络层面的效应，开发个性化的刺激方案，以及评估长期结果（这些领域仍未得到充分探索），以推进理论理解和临床应用。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehension and production of relative clauses in Mandarin-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder 有和没有发展性语言障碍的汉语儿童关系从句的理解和产生

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105613

Shenai Hu , Lin Zhong , Maria Teresa Guasti , Shaowei Li

This study investigates the comprehension and production of relative clauses (RCs) in Mandarin-speaking preschool- and school-age children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD). Twenty-one children with DLD (aged 4;2–8;4) and 42 typically developing (TD) children (aged 3;10–8;0) were tested. The results revealed that children with DLD showed no asymmetry between subject RCs (SRCs) and object RCs (ORCs) in comprehension, but demonstrated an SRC advantage in production. They performed less accurately than TD children in both SRCs and ORCs, with TD children exhibiting a clear SRC advantage in both comprehension and production. Moreover, children with DLD displayed a discrepancy between comprehension and production of ORCs, and their working memory capacity was positively associated with RC production. These findings provide novel evidence that Mandarin-speaking children with DLD face significant challenges in acquiring both SRCs and ORCs, offering insights into the nature of syntactic deficits in DLD.

本研究探讨了有发展性语言障碍（DLD）和没有发展性语言障碍（DLD）的汉语学龄前和学龄儿童对关系从句的理解和产生。21名DLD儿童（4岁；2-8岁；4岁）和42名正常发育（TD）儿童（3岁；10-8岁；0岁）进行了测试。结果表明，DLD患儿在理解上不存在主体rc （SRC）和客体rc （ORCs）的不对称，但在产生上表现出SRC优势。他们在SRC和orc方面的表现都不如TD儿童准确，而TD儿童在理解和产生方面都表现出明显的SRC优势。此外，DLD患儿的工作记忆容量与RC的产生呈正相关，其对RC的理解和产生存在差异。这些发现提供了新的证据，表明说普通话的DLD儿童在习得SRCs和ORCs方面面临重大挑战，为DLD句法缺陷的本质提供了见解。

引用次数: 0