: Using the electronic data acquisition system, various performance tests of microchannel plate type photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMT) at different focus levels were performed in the geomagnetic environment, such as single photoelectron spectrum and after pulse, transit time fluctuations, signal rise and fall time, collection efficiency and so on. By changing the relative position of the photomultiplier tube and the geomagnetic field, the performance of the MCP-PMT at different angles was measured, and the geomagnetic field was qualitatively analyzed by comparing the performance of MCP-PMT under the shielding magnetic field and geomagnetic field.
{"title":"Performance of the Microchannel Plate Type Photomultiplier Tube Under a Geomagnetic Field","authors":"孙 建宁, 马 丽双, 曹 宜起, 司 曙光, 苏 德坦, 王 兴超, 黄 国瑞","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102614855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102614855","url":null,"abstract":": Using the electronic data acquisition system, various performance tests of microchannel plate type photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMT) at different focus levels were performed in the geomagnetic environment, such as single photoelectron spectrum and after pulse, transit time fluctuations, signal rise and fall time, collection efficiency and so on. By changing the relative position of the photomultiplier tube and the geomagnetic field, the performance of the MCP-PMT at different angles was measured, and the geomagnetic field was qualitatively analyzed by comparing the performance of MCP-PMT under the shielding magnetic field and geomagnetic field.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46473689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Infrared chalcogenide optical glass is a material that is opaque to visible light. The method outlined in GB/T 7962 cannot be used to test its striae. Herein, test methods based on parallel light projection are presented to facilitate striae detection and characterization. The corresponding test equipment (chalcogenide glass samples) are developed and tested for striae and grayscale and modulation transfer function (MTF); further, the relationship between grayscale and MTF is investigated. Subsequently, the characterization method of striae severity with grayscale is proposed. The results show that the defects and distribution of the inner striae can be clearly detected after imaging in the near infrared band by parallel light projection. The mid-infrared MTF can qualitatively characterize the effect of striae on imaging quality. The striae can be used to quantitatively characterize the internal striae condition of the sample and reflect the effect on imaging quality. This paper provides a reference for the subsequent determination of the internal quality of infrared chalcogenide optical glass.
{"title":"Measurement and Characterization Method of Striae for Infrared Chalcogenide Optical Glass","authors":"沈 义梅, 徐 光以, 胡 向平, 麦 绿波, 李 建新","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102614860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102614860","url":null,"abstract":": Infrared chalcogenide optical glass is a material that is opaque to visible light. The method outlined in GB/T 7962 cannot be used to test its striae. Herein, test methods based on parallel light projection are presented to facilitate striae detection and characterization. The corresponding test equipment (chalcogenide glass samples) are developed and tested for striae and grayscale and modulation transfer function (MTF); further, the relationship between grayscale and MTF is investigated. Subsequently, the characterization method of striae severity with grayscale is proposed. The results show that the defects and distribution of the inner striae can be clearly detected after imaging in the near infrared band by parallel light projection. The mid-infrared MTF can qualitatively characterize the effect of striae on imaging quality. The striae can be used to quantitatively characterize the internal striae condition of the sample and reflect the effect on imaging quality. This paper provides a reference for the subsequent determination of the internal quality of infrared chalcogenide optical glass.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43946216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: To improve the performance of object detection and recognition in a real-world combat environment, an improved intelligent object recognition algorithm based on infrared saliency object guidance is proposed. It uses the object information in an infrared image to guide deep self-learning in vision images. The improved YOLO-V3 recognition network is based on the Darknet-53 network architecture, using DenseNet instead of the original transfer layer with lower resolution. Classification network pretraining, multiscale detection network training, and other measures are used to enhance feature propagatio n and reuse and fusion performance. Simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the performance of existing object detection and recognition networks.
{"title":"Intelligent Equipment Object Recognition Based on Improved YOLO Network Guided by Infrared Saliency Detection","authors":"Hou Yiwei, Linhan Li, Wang Yan","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102345124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102345124","url":null,"abstract":": To improve the performance of object detection and recognition in a real-world combat environment, an improved intelligent object recognition algorithm based on infrared saliency object guidance is proposed. It uses the object information in an infrared image to guide deep self-learning in vision images. The improved YOLO-V3 recognition network is based on the Darknet-53 network architecture, using DenseNet instead of the original transfer layer with lower resolution. Classification network pretraining, multiscale detection network training, and other measures are used to enhance feature propagatio n and reuse and fusion performance. Simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the performance of existing object detection and recognition networks.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45061124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The development of a miniature near infrared spectrometer at a global level is herein summarized. The development prospect of the aforementioned spectrometer is then predicted. This spectrometer is expected to have high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, and high stability, as well as involve the use of new materials and technology, while ensuring its specialization in specific fields.
{"title":"Research Progress of Miniature Near Infrared Spectrometer","authors":"郭 腾霄, 王 宿慧, 张 根伟, 丁 学全","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102345130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102345130","url":null,"abstract":": The development of a miniature near infrared spectrometer at a global level is herein summarized. The development prospect of the aforementioned spectrometer is then predicted. This spectrometer is expected to have high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, and high stability, as well as involve the use of new materials and technology, while ensuring its specialization in specific fields.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46002358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonuniformity is a key indicator of the image data quality of a remote infrared sensor. The uniformity correction residual of the image obtained by a pixel-level, dual-gain, time delayed and integration(TDI) detector is closely related to the linearity after reconstruction. In this study, the signal readout process of the infrared TDI detector was analyzed. A new image data reconstruction method is presented to obtain accurate normal parameters for each pixel. The detector output linearity was increased in all dynamic ranges, and the uniformity of the image was enhanced. Radiance calibration was performed, and the test data were processed. The result shows that the nonuniformity correction residual decreased from 4.1% to 1.2% based on radiance calibration.
{"title":"Pixel-Level Dual-Gain Infrared Image Reconstruction Based on Radiance Calibration","authors":"行 麦玲, 杨 小乐, 杨 天远, 邓 旭光","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102345127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102345127","url":null,"abstract":"Nonuniformity is a key indicator of the image data quality of a remote infrared sensor. The uniformity correction residual of the image obtained by a pixel-level, dual-gain, time delayed and integration(TDI) detector is closely related to the linearity after reconstruction. In this study, the signal readout process of the infrared TDI detector was analyzed. A new image data reconstruction method is presented to obtain accurate normal parameters for each pixel. The detector output linearity was increased in all dynamic ranges, and the uniformity of the image was enhanced. Radiance calibration was performed, and the test data were processed. The result shows that the nonuniformity correction residual decreased from 4.1% to 1.2% based on radiance calibration.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43741103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
： The traditional exposure methods of shortwave infrared focal plane spectrometer have shortcomings in a variety of applications. This paper proposes a balanced exposure technique to eliminate these shortcomings. To improve the signal to noise ratio of the spectrometer, different spectral dimensions are given different integral times. We built an experiment system that included a shortwave infrared focal plane detector, a driver circuit, a signal acquisition and processing circuit, and PC software. The results of five different integral times (3.31 ms, 5.76 ms, 8.22 ms, 10.68 ms, 13.14 ms) and the contrast between them are close to the theoretical values. We conclude that this exposure technique can significantly improve the signal to noise ratio.
{"title":"A Balanced Exposure Technique to Improve the Signal to Noise Ratio of a Shortwave Infrared Spectrometer","authors":"王 礼庆, 李 飞飞, 李 春来, 陈 小文","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102345120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102345120","url":null,"abstract":"： The traditional exposure methods of shortwave infrared focal plane spectrometer have shortcomings in a variety of applications. This paper proposes a balanced exposure technique to eliminate these shortcomings. To improve the signal to noise ratio of the spectrometer, different spectral dimensions are given different integral times. We built an experiment system that included a shortwave infrared focal plane detector, a driver circuit, a signal acquisition and processing circuit, and PC software. The results of five different integral times (3.31 ms, 5.76 ms, 8.22 ms, 10.68 ms, 13.14 ms) and the contrast between them are close to the theoretical values. We conclude that this exposure technique can significantly improve the signal to noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49061302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: A combination of infrared intensity and polarization images can more fully describe the characteristics of a detected scene and facilitate subsequent processing. An algorithm for fusing infrared intensity and polarization images using hybrid l 0 l 1 layer decomposition is proposed. The algorithm consists of the following steps. First, multi-scale geometric transformations are applied to the infrared polarization and intensity images using hybrid l 0 l 1 layer decomposition. Then, in the low-frequency characteristic subband image, the index local Gaussian distribution similarity is adopted as the low-frequency image fusion weight of the infrared polarization image, and the fused infrared polarization image is injected into the low-frequency infrared intensity image. Next, the local spatial frequency and local energy are used to fuse the high-frequency subband image, and the two fused images are combined by principal component analysis to obtain a high-frequency fused image. The final fused image is obtained by reconstruction. An experimental comparison reveals that the algorithm can be used to fuse images of different types with complementary features, and the quality of the fused image is clearly improved.
：红外强度和偏振图像的组合可以更全面地描述检测到的场景的特征，并便于后续处理。提出了一种利用混合l 0 l 1层分解融合红外强度和偏振图像的算法。该算法由以下步骤组成。首先，使用混合l0l1层分解将多尺度几何变换应用于红外偏振和强度图像。然后，在低频特征子带图像中，采用指标局部高斯分布相似度作为红外偏振图像的低频图像融合权重，将融合后的红外偏振图像注入低频红外强度图像中。接下来，利用局部空间频率和局部能量对高频子带图像进行融合，并通过主成分分析将两幅融合后的图像进行组合，得到高频融合图像。通过重建获得最终的融合图像。实验比较表明，该算法可以对特征互补的不同类型的图像进行融合，融合后的图像质量明显提高。
{"title":"Fusion Algorithm for Infrared Intensity and Polarization Images Using Hybrid l0l1 Layer Decomposition","authors":"高 文炜, 包 达尔罕, 杨 金颖","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102345128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102345128","url":null,"abstract":": A combination of infrared intensity and polarization images can more fully describe the characteristics of a detected scene and facilitate subsequent processing. An algorithm for fusing infrared intensity and polarization images using hybrid l 0 l 1 layer decomposition is proposed. The algorithm consists of the following steps. First, multi-scale geometric transformations are applied to the infrared polarization and intensity images using hybrid l 0 l 1 layer decomposition. Then, in the low-frequency characteristic subband image, the index local Gaussian distribution similarity is adopted as the low-frequency image fusion weight of the infrared polarization image, and the fused infrared polarization image is injected into the low-frequency infrared intensity image. Next, the local spatial frequency and local energy are used to fuse the high-frequency subband image, and the two fused images are combined by principal component analysis to obtain a high-frequency fused image. The final fused image is obtained by reconstruction. An experimental comparison reveals that the algorithm can be used to fuse images of different types with complementary features, and the quality of the fused image is clearly improved.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48348795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: To solve problems caused by infrared image sensors, such a slow signal to noise ratio, background clutter interference and sensor noise, an infrared small target detection method based on max-median filters and Hough transform is proposed. This proposed method predicts a candidate target region using the method of Max-Median filtering with a single image frame. The candidate target region is processed by a mean filter and the residual region is processed by a Min filter. Then, the weighted Hough transform is used to detect targets with the accumulation of multiple image frames. Experimental results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm can detect small targets with a signal to noise ratio of approximately 1. The background movement does not have a significant impact on the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Image Filtering and Hough Transform","authors":"李 慧冲, 姜 雄飞, 马 晓龙, 汪 烈兵, 石 春光","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102345129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102345129","url":null,"abstract":": To solve problems caused by infrared image sensors, such a slow signal to noise ratio, background clutter interference and sensor noise, an infrared small target detection method based on max-median filters and Hough transform is proposed. This proposed method predicts a candidate target region using the method of Max-Median filtering with a single image frame. The candidate target region is processed by a mean filter and the residual region is processed by a Min filter. Then, the weighted Hough transform is used to detect targets with the accumulation of multiple image frames. Experimental results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm can detect small targets with a signal to noise ratio of approximately 1. The background movement does not have a significant impact on the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection Algorithm of Infrared Dim Small Target Based on FPGA","authors":"张 延苏, 吴 滢跃","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102068593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102068593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43809523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
： Owing to the abnormal response of the thermal infrared bands of the visible infrared multi-spectral imager (VIMI) aboard GF-5 satellite it is challenging to guarantee the radiometric calibration accuracy; considering this fact, we conducted a supplementary test of ground radiometric calibration. We obtained that the response sensitivity of the thermal infrared bands to the change of instrument cavity temperature and the focal plane temperature was the main reason for this abnormal phenomenon. Furthermore, we analyzed and summarized the law of output signal changing with instrument cavity temperature and focal plane temperature. An absolute radiation calibration algorithm based on instrument temperature and focal plane temperature revise was proposed. It was successfully applied to laboratory absolute radiation calibration of thermal infrared bands of VIMI. The results show that the uncertainty of calibration is 1.36%.
{"title":"Radiation Calibration of Thermal Infrared Bands of GF-5 VIMI Based on Temperature Correction","authors":"Wang Hao, Libing Jin, LI Yan, Yanhua Zhao","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.7102068590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7102068590","url":null,"abstract":"： Owing to the abnormal response of the thermal infrared bands of the visible infrared multi-spectral imager (VIMI) aboard GF-5 satellite it is challenging to guarantee the radiometric calibration accuracy; considering this fact, we conducted a supplementary test of ground radiometric calibration. We obtained that the response sensitivity of the thermal infrared bands to the change of instrument cavity temperature and the focal plane temperature was the main reason for this abnormal phenomenon. Furthermore, we analyzed and summarized the law of output signal changing with instrument cavity temperature and focal plane temperature. An absolute radiation calibration algorithm based on instrument temperature and focal plane temperature revise was proposed. It was successfully applied to laboratory absolute radiation calibration of thermal infrared bands of VIMI. The results show that the uncertainty of calibration is 1.36%.","PeriodicalId":64126,"journal":{"name":"红外技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44581711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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