Abstract: A cluster of symptoms, including falls, disability, cognitive impairment, decreased autonomic activity, unintentional weight loss and fatigue, are common in older people. This “core symptom complex” defines frailty. Frailty is often related to malnutrition, but is distinguished with the presence of sarcopenia. Frailty embodies a decline in a patient’s overall function, which is not entirely explained by a loss of skeletal muscle mass or decreases in muscle function. Frailty occurs when the individual’s physiological reserve decreases in conjunction with internal dynamic balance disorders and physiological debility. Frailty is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including an increased risk of complications of other conditions and surgery, unintentional injury (falls and fractures), disability, a poor quality of life, and even death. Frailty is common not only in the elderly, but also in patients with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and malnutrition. The prevalence of frailty has been reported to be between 4.0%-59.1% in different reports, and increases with age. Frailty can be diagnosed by the presence of the core symptom complex (frailty phenotype) or based on the frailty index. Early assessment and treatment can significantly improve the health prognosis of patients. Treatments aimed at maintaining an individual's homeostasis can be more beneficial for preventing or resolving frailty than specifically treating any underlying disease(s). Improving the patient’s nutritional status, implementing physical exercise, and developing individualized multidisciplinary interventions may be the best ways to prevent adverse clinical outcomes in patients with frailty. This article reviews the definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of frailty, as well as the interventions that can be used to combat frailty.
{"title":"Research Progress in Clinical Diagnostics and Interventions for Frailty","authors":"Fei Fei Cong, Yang Fan, Jie Liu, Hongxia Xu","doi":"10.34175/jno202104002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202104002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A cluster of symptoms, including falls, disability, cognitive impairment, decreased autonomic activity, unintentional weight loss and fatigue, are common in older people. This “core symptom complex” defines frailty. Frailty is often related to malnutrition, but is distinguished with the presence of sarcopenia. Frailty embodies a decline in a patient’s overall function, which is not entirely explained by a loss of skeletal muscle mass or decreases in muscle function. Frailty occurs when the individual’s physiological reserve decreases in conjunction with internal dynamic balance disorders and physiological debility. Frailty is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including an increased risk of complications of other conditions and surgery, unintentional injury (falls and fractures), disability, a poor quality of life, and even death. Frailty is common not only in the elderly, but also in patients with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and malnutrition. The prevalence of frailty has been reported to be between 4.0%-59.1% in different reports, and increases with age. Frailty can be diagnosed by the presence of the core symptom complex (frailty phenotype) or based on the frailty index. Early assessment and treatment can significantly improve the health prognosis of patients. Treatments aimed at maintaining an individual's homeostasis can be more beneficial for preventing or resolving frailty than specifically treating any underlying disease(s). Improving the patient’s nutritional status, implementing physical exercise, and developing individualized multidisciplinary interventions may be the best ways to prevent adverse clinical outcomes in patients with frailty. This article reviews the definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of frailty, as well as the interventions that can be used to combat frailty.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"159 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45764667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Etiology of colon cancer continues to be investigated with research findings ranging from environment to diet to inherited gene mutations. Risk factors associated with colon cancer include familial history of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as lifestyle-related modifiable influences like diet, weight, and exercise. Recent findings point to the connection between diet and gut microbiota, which is highly affected by changes in diet promoting either an environment of beneficial bacteria or dysbiosis. Dietary effects on the microbiome can impact health outcomes, including an increased risk for colorectal cancer. Although the mechanisms behind the effect of gut microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer continues to evolve, its effect on both inflammation and immune response may play a key role. Further, after development of colorectal cancer diagnosis, the changes to gut microbiota have a potential to continue to influence the effectiveness of therapy and treatment. This review presents the current knowledge around the diet-modulated gut microbiome and its association with, risk for, development of, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Overall, further research on dietary elements that affect the gut microbiome and its subsequent effect on development and treatment of colorectal cancer is needed for applicable recommendations that can be made for dietary modulation of the gut microbiota for improved health outcomes.
{"title":"The Association of Diet-Modulated Gut Microbiota on Development and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Elizabeth Clinger, Lei Hao","doi":"10.34175/jno202104001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202104001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Etiology of colon cancer continues to be investigated with research findings ranging from environment to diet to inherited gene mutations. Risk factors associated with colon cancer include familial history of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as lifestyle-related modifiable influences like diet, weight, and exercise. Recent findings point to the connection between diet and gut microbiota, which is highly affected by changes in diet promoting either an environment of beneficial bacteria or dysbiosis. Dietary effects on the microbiome can impact health outcomes, including an increased risk for colorectal cancer. Although the mechanisms behind the effect of gut microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer continues to evolve, its effect on both inflammation and immune response may play a key role. Further, after development of colorectal cancer diagnosis, the changes to gut microbiota have a potential to continue to influence the effectiveness of therapy and treatment. This review presents the current knowledge around the diet-modulated gut microbiome and its association with, risk for, development of, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Overall, further research on dietary elements that affect the gut microbiome and its subsequent effect on development and treatment of colorectal cancer is needed for applicable recommendations that can be made for dietary modulation of the gut microbiota for improved health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"152 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Background The serum albumin (Alb) level often decreases early in the postoperative period. However, it is unclear whether a decline in the serum albumin level (ΔAlb) is a predictor of postoperative complications. We aimed to determine the relationship between the ΔAlb and complications following surgery for rectal cancer (RC). Methods We retrospectively collected the records of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent RC surgery between January 2015 and August 2018. We determined the cut-off value of the ΔAlb using subject working characteristic curve analysis and analyzed complications above grade II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Single and multifactor analyses of the risk factors for postoperative complications were performed. Results A total of 430 RC patients were included in this study. The area under the ΔAlb curve was 0.786, with a critical value of 22%. We selected 20% as the critical point for grouping patients. The total postoperative complication rate was significantly higher in patients who had a ≥ 20% serum Alb decline than those had a < 20% serum Alb decline (< 20% ΔAlb group); with rates of 51.5% and 16%, respectively (P < 0.001). A multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that the ΔAlb (odds ratio [OR] = 4.95, 95% CI = 3.126-7.838 P < 0.001), surgical approach (OR = 2.374, 95% CI = 1.335-4.224 P = 0.003), and blood loss (> 200 ml) (OR = 1.684, 95% CI = 1.043-2.716 P = 0.033) were independent risk factors for postoperative complications follow RC surgery. Conclusions The ΔAlb predicted the incidence of postoperative complications in patients after RC surgery. This could help identify patients at risk of complications early during the perioperative period, thereby helping to more effectively manage high-risk patients.
摘要:背景术后早期血清白蛋白(Alb)水平经常下降。然而，目前尚不清楚血清白蛋白水平的下降(ΔAlb)是否是术后并发症的预测因子。我们旨在确定ΔAlb与直肠癌(RC)术后并发症之间的关系。方法回顾性收集2015年1月至2018年8月期间接受RC手术的年龄≥18岁患者的记录。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析确定ΔAlb的临界值，并根据Clavien-Dindo分级对II级以上并发症进行分析。对术后并发症的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果共纳入430例RC患者。ΔAlb曲线下面积为0.786，临界值为22%。我们选择20%作为患者分组的临界点。血清Alb下降≥20%的患者术后总并发症发生率明显高于血清Alb下降< 20%的患者(< 20% ΔAlb组);分别为51.5%和16% (P < 0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示ΔAlb(优势比[OR] = 4.95, 95% CI = 3.126 ~ 7.838 P < 0.001)、手术入路(OR = 2.374, 95% CI = 1.335 ~ 4.224 P = 0.003)、出血量(> 200 ml) (OR = 1.684, 95% CI = 1.043 ~ 2.716 P = 0.033)是RC术后并发症的独立危险因素。结论ΔAlb可预测RC术后并发症的发生率。这有助于在围手术期早期识别有并发症风险的患者，从而有助于更有效地管理高危患者。
{"title":"Postoperative Reduction in Serum Albumin Predicts Complications after Rectal Cancer Surgery","authors":"Yi-Fan Cheng, Yan Chen, Yong Lu, Chang-Bao Liu","doi":"10.34175/jno202104003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202104003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background The serum albumin (Alb) level often decreases early in the postoperative period. However, it is unclear whether a decline in the serum albumin level (ΔAlb) is a predictor of postoperative complications. We aimed to determine the relationship between the ΔAlb and complications following surgery for rectal cancer (RC). Methods We retrospectively collected the records of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent RC surgery between January 2015 and August 2018. We determined the cut-off value of the ΔAlb using subject working characteristic curve analysis and analyzed complications above grade II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Single and multifactor analyses of the risk factors for postoperative complications were performed. Results A total of 430 RC patients were included in this study. The area under the ΔAlb curve was 0.786, with a critical value of 22%. We selected 20% as the critical point for grouping patients. The total postoperative complication rate was significantly higher in patients who had a ≥ 20% serum Alb decline than those had a < 20% serum Alb decline (< 20% ΔAlb group); with rates of 51.5% and 16%, respectively (P < 0.001). A multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that the ΔAlb (odds ratio [OR] = 4.95, 95% CI = 3.126-7.838 P < 0.001), surgical approach (OR = 2.374, 95% CI = 1.335-4.224 P = 0.003), and blood loss (> 200 ml) (OR = 1.684, 95% CI = 1.043-2.716 P = 0.033) were independent risk factors for postoperative complications follow RC surgery. Conclusions The ΔAlb predicted the incidence of postoperative complications in patients after RC surgery. This could help identify patients at risk of complications early during the perioperative period, thereby helping to more effectively manage high-risk patients.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"169 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46344837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Zhang, Liuqing Yang, Ya Nan Yang, Yunping Wang, Longlong Zhang, Kun-Hua Wang, M. Weng
Abstract: Background Chronic renal failure-induced sarcopenia (CRF-S) seriously affects public health by increasing morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate acid (HMB) and the underlying mechanism in an adenine-induced CRF-S rat model. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, model (CRF-S), and HMB treatment (CRF-S+HMB) groups. The rats in the CRF-S group received 250 mg/kg/d adenine by oral gavage every day for 14 days, followed by administration every other day until the 28th day. In the CRF-S+HMB group, each rat was given 320 mg/kg/d HMB by oral gavage starting from 7 days prior to adenine treatment, and this treatment was maintained for a total of 35 days. The body weight, right anterior tibial muscle weight, blood serum parameters, gastrocnemius muscle and renal tissue histology, and expression of autophagyrelated transcripts and proteins were evaluated. Results A rat model of CRF-S was successfully established via adenine gavage, as indicated by reduced body weight and muscle weights, and markers of sarcopenia. There were increased mRNA levels of LC3B, Beclin1, Ulk1, Atg5, Atg7, Atg13 and vps-34, and increased protein expression levels of LC3B and P62. In the rats with HMB intervention, the body weight, right anterior tibial weight and gastrocnemius muscle histology were not significantly different from those in the control group, and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins (LC3B and P62) were consistent with those in the control group. Conclusion We successfully established a rat model of CRF-S using adenine administered via oral gavage, and observed that HMB treatment prevented CRF-S, apparently by regulating autophagy. HMB may be an effective agent for the prevention and treatment of CRF-S.
{"title":"β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Improves Chronic Renal Failure-Induced Sarcopenia in SD Rats by Regulating Autophagy","authors":"Z. Zhang, Liuqing Yang, Ya Nan Yang, Yunping Wang, Longlong Zhang, Kun-Hua Wang, M. Weng","doi":"10.34175/jno202104005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202104005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background Chronic renal failure-induced sarcopenia (CRF-S) seriously affects public health by increasing morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate acid (HMB) and the underlying mechanism in an adenine-induced CRF-S rat model. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, model (CRF-S), and HMB treatment (CRF-S+HMB) groups. The rats in the CRF-S group received 250 mg/kg/d adenine by oral gavage every day for 14 days, followed by administration every other day until the 28th day. In the CRF-S+HMB group, each rat was given 320 mg/kg/d HMB by oral gavage starting from 7 days prior to adenine treatment, and this treatment was maintained for a total of 35 days. The body weight, right anterior tibial muscle weight, blood serum parameters, gastrocnemius muscle and renal tissue histology, and expression of autophagyrelated transcripts and proteins were evaluated. Results A rat model of CRF-S was successfully established via adenine gavage, as indicated by reduced body weight and muscle weights, and markers of sarcopenia. There were increased mRNA levels of LC3B, Beclin1, Ulk1, Atg5, Atg7, Atg13 and vps-34, and increased protein expression levels of LC3B and P62. In the rats with HMB intervention, the body weight, right anterior tibial weight and gastrocnemius muscle histology were not significantly different from those in the control group, and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins (LC3B and P62) were consistent with those in the control group. Conclusion We successfully established a rat model of CRF-S using adenine administered via oral gavage, and observed that HMB treatment prevented CRF-S, apparently by regulating autophagy. HMB may be an effective agent for the prevention and treatment of CRF-S.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"186 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48548503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qin Qin Li, Danqing Hou, Zhuang Ding, S. Prakash, Yu Ying Liu, Hanping Shi, Jun Han, Zhengping Wang
Abstract: Objective A commercially available reference product was “re-engineered” and the target emulsion was formulated to contain the same energy density, as well as the same percentage of energy sources, as the reference product. The particle size and distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta-potential of emulsions were measured as indices to analyse the quality of the emulsions. Methods The centrifugal stability (Ke) was examined as the main measure of the stability of the target emulsion. Critical parameters affecting the stability of emulsions were also determined, while the temperature was fixed at 30°C, shear speed at 3500 r/min, and shear time was 15 min. The optimal quantity of emulsifier was also studied in the crude homogenate. Results A relatively stable emulsion could be obtained by using PC-50 at a dosage of 2% as the emulsifier. A 2: 1 proportion of whey protein to casein, a 1: 1 proportion of maltodextrin (DE 10-15) to maltodextrin (DE 15-20) and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) in powder form were used to obtain the most desirable emulsion. Conclusion This study explored the critical parameters that influence the stability of a total nutrition enteral emulsion designed for cancer patients, providing useful information for further industrialisation of this and other emulsion products.
{"title":"Investigating Factors Influencing the Stability of Enteral Nutritional Emulsions Designed for Cancer Patients","authors":"Qin Qin Li, Danqing Hou, Zhuang Ding, S. Prakash, Yu Ying Liu, Hanping Shi, Jun Han, Zhengping Wang","doi":"10.34175/jno202103006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202103006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objective A commercially available reference product was “re-engineered” and the target emulsion was formulated to contain the same energy density, as well as the same percentage of energy sources, as the reference product. The particle size and distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta-potential of emulsions were measured as indices to analyse the quality of the emulsions. Methods The centrifugal stability (Ke) was examined as the main measure of the stability of the target emulsion. Critical parameters affecting the stability of emulsions were also determined, while the temperature was fixed at 30°C, shear speed at 3500 r/min, and shear time was 15 min. The optimal quantity of emulsifier was also studied in the crude homogenate. Results A relatively stable emulsion could be obtained by using PC-50 at a dosage of 2% as the emulsifier. A 2: 1 proportion of whey protein to casein, a 1: 1 proportion of maltodextrin (DE 10-15) to maltodextrin (DE 15-20) and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) in powder form were used to obtain the most desirable emulsion. Conclusion This study explored the critical parameters that influence the stability of a total nutrition enteral emulsion designed for cancer patients, providing useful information for further industrialisation of this and other emulsion products.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"140 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45217746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Background Chemotherapy can have a negative impact on the growth of children with different cancers. However, few studies have examined whether intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) affects the growth of children with retinoblastoma (RB). The present study evaluated the height differences (actual height compared to the agestandardized value) and survival of pediatric RB patients treated with IVC. Methods This was an observational cohort study. A total of 87 pediatric RB patients were included. The study population was stratified into two groups based on the number of chemotherapy cycles administered (≤ 4 versus > 4). The height at baseline (before IVC), height after IVC and overall survival were compared between the two groups. Results Before IVC, no height differences were observed between the two groups (P = 0.585). After IVC, all of the patients had a reduced height compared to the agestandardized height (P = 0.035). Patients who underwent more cycles of chemotherapy had a greater height difference compared to those who received fewer cycles (P = 0.008). For those who had reduced height, the difference was positively associated with the number of chemotherapy cycles (r = 0.279, P = 0.043). Among the patients who exhibited a greater height difference, those who underwent more than four cycles of chemotherapy had a decreased overall survival (P = 0.042). Conclusions Pediatric RB patients who underwent more cycles of chemotherapy were more likely to have a reduced height. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy to prevent the reduced growth while maintaining the benefits of chemotherapy.
摘要:化疗可对不同癌症患儿的生长发育产生负面影响。然而，很少有研究探讨静脉化疗(IVC)是否影响视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)儿童的生长。本研究评估了儿童RB患者接受IVC治疗的身高差异(实际身高与年龄标准化值的比较)和生存率。方法采用观察性队列研究。共纳入87例小儿RB患者。根据化疗周期数将研究人群分为两组(≤4 vs . bb0 4)。比较两组患者IVC前基线身高、IVC后身高和总生存期。结果IVC前，两组患者身高差异无统计学意义(P = 0.585)。IVC后，所有患者的身高均低于年龄标准化身高(P = 0.035)。接受化疗周期较多的患者与接受化疗周期较少的患者相比，身高差异较大(P = 0.008)。对于那些身高降低的人来说，这种差异与化疗周期的次数呈正相关(r = 0.279, P = 0.043)。在身高差异较大的患者中，化疗周期超过4个周期的患者总生存期降低(P = 0.042)。结论:接受更多化疗周期的儿童RB患者更容易出现身高下降。需要进一步的研究来确定最佳的治疗策略，以防止生长减少，同时保持化疗的益处。
{"title":"More Cycles of Intravenous Chemotherapy are Associated with Reduced Growth in Children with Retinoblastoma","authors":"Yu Qiong Yang, L. Yin, Xin Lin, Bing Hao, Xiaorong Guan, Hongxia Xu, Hongfeng Yuan","doi":"10.34175/jno202103004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202103004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background Chemotherapy can have a negative impact on the growth of children with different cancers. However, few studies have examined whether intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) affects the growth of children with retinoblastoma (RB). The present study evaluated the height differences (actual height compared to the agestandardized value) and survival of pediatric RB patients treated with IVC. Methods This was an observational cohort study. A total of 87 pediatric RB patients were included. The study population was stratified into two groups based on the number of chemotherapy cycles administered (≤ 4 versus > 4). The height at baseline (before IVC), height after IVC and overall survival were compared between the two groups. Results Before IVC, no height differences were observed between the two groups (P = 0.585). After IVC, all of the patients had a reduced height compared to the agestandardized height (P = 0.035). Patients who underwent more cycles of chemotherapy had a greater height difference compared to those who received fewer cycles (P = 0.008). For those who had reduced height, the difference was positively associated with the number of chemotherapy cycles (r = 0.279, P = 0.043). Among the patients who exhibited a greater height difference, those who underwent more than four cycles of chemotherapy had a decreased overall survival (P = 0.042). Conclusions Pediatric RB patients who underwent more cycles of chemotherapy were more likely to have a reduced height. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy to prevent the reduced growth while maintaining the benefits of chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"126 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42978782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) gene regulation by miR-34a in osteosarcoma (OS) MG63 cells and to determine the possible mechanisms. Methods A miR-34a mimic, mimic negative control (NC), miR-34a inhibitor, or inhibitor-NC were transfected into MG63 cells using Lipofectamine 3000. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. The mRNA levels of DNMT1 in MG63 cells were detected by qPCR. The proliferation of MG63 cells was detected by the CCK8 method. The protein expression of DNMT1 was measured by Western blotting. The effects of DNMT1 on the migration of MG63 cells were examined by a cell migration assay. The apoptosis of MG63 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results The mRNA levels of DNMT1 were up-regulated in MG63 cells treated with the miR-34a inhibitor compared to other groups. The growth of MG63 cells was significantly increased in these cells. The protein expression of DNMT1 and the cell proliferation and migration decreased in the miR-34a mimic-treated group compared to the cells treated with the miR-34a inhibitor or the negative control (both P < 0.05). Conclusion By targeting the DNMT1 gene, miR-34a reduces the expression level of DNMT1 in MG63 cells, thereby affecting the viability, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis of MG63 cells. Interventions targeting the miR-34a/DNMT1 axis may represent a novel targeted therapy for OS.
{"title":"MiR-34a Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Osteosarcoma by Downregulating DNMT1","authors":"Peng-Fei Wang, C. Jia, H. Xiao","doi":"10.34175/jno202103003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202103003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) gene regulation by miR-34a in osteosarcoma (OS) MG63 cells and to determine the possible mechanisms. Methods A miR-34a mimic, mimic negative control (NC), miR-34a inhibitor, or inhibitor-NC were transfected into MG63 cells using Lipofectamine 3000. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. The mRNA levels of DNMT1 in MG63 cells were detected by qPCR. The proliferation of MG63 cells was detected by the CCK8 method. The protein expression of DNMT1 was measured by Western blotting. The effects of DNMT1 on the migration of MG63 cells were examined by a cell migration assay. The apoptosis of MG63 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results The mRNA levels of DNMT1 were up-regulated in MG63 cells treated with the miR-34a inhibitor compared to other groups. The growth of MG63 cells was significantly increased in these cells. The protein expression of DNMT1 and the cell proliferation and migration decreased in the miR-34a mimic-treated group compared to the cells treated with the miR-34a inhibitor or the negative control (both P < 0.05). Conclusion By targeting the DNMT1 gene, miR-34a reduces the expression level of DNMT1 in MG63 cells, thereby affecting the viability, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis of MG63 cells. Interventions targeting the miR-34a/DNMT1 axis may represent a novel targeted therapy for OS.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Objective To compare the value and consistency among the Patient Generated -Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) for assessing nutritional status in gastrointestinal tumor patients. Methods 251 patients from gastric cancer surgical ward from January 2019 to January 2020 were recruited through convenience sampling in this respective study. Nutritional screening and assessment were conducted for 251 gastrointestinal tumor patients using the nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) PG-SGA, and the PNI. PNI was calculated using the serum albumin level and the total lymphocyte count obtained from the patients’ routine laboratory examination when they were admitted to the hospital. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the PG-SGA and the PNI were plotted with the NRS 2002 used as the gold standard, and the diagnostic value of the PG-SGA and PNI was reflected by the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and Youden index. We then determined the optimal cut-off for the PNI and tested the consistency of the PG-SGA and PNI. Results The optimal cut-off point for the PNI was calculated to be 50.78. The AUC of the PG-SGA was 0.908 (95% CI 0.871-0.944). The sensitivity was 89.9%, specificity was 76.2% and the Youden index was 0.661. The AUC of the PNI was 0.594 (95% CI 0.516-0.572). The sensitivity was 73.8%, specificity was 44.3% and the Youden index was 0.181. In the consistency test, the kappa value was 0.838 (P < 0.001). Conclusion The PNI is of limited value for assessing malnutrition, although it did have good consistency with the PG-SGA. The combination of the PNI and PG-SGA can be used for diagnosing assessing malnutrition in clinical practice.
{"title":"The Values of the Prognostic Nutrition Index and the Patient Generated -Subjective Global Assessment during the Nutritional Assessment of Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors","authors":"Jiangyan Wei, Hongxia Yan, Qi Li","doi":"10.34175/jno202103005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202103005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objective To compare the value and consistency among the Patient Generated -Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) for assessing nutritional status in gastrointestinal tumor patients. Methods 251 patients from gastric cancer surgical ward from January 2019 to January 2020 were recruited through convenience sampling in this respective study. Nutritional screening and assessment were conducted for 251 gastrointestinal tumor patients using the nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) PG-SGA, and the PNI. PNI was calculated using the serum albumin level and the total lymphocyte count obtained from the patients’ routine laboratory examination when they were admitted to the hospital. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the PG-SGA and the PNI were plotted with the NRS 2002 used as the gold standard, and the diagnostic value of the PG-SGA and PNI was reflected by the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and Youden index. We then determined the optimal cut-off for the PNI and tested the consistency of the PG-SGA and PNI. Results The optimal cut-off point for the PNI was calculated to be 50.78. The AUC of the PG-SGA was 0.908 (95% CI 0.871-0.944). The sensitivity was 89.9%, specificity was 76.2% and the Youden index was 0.661. The AUC of the PNI was 0.594 (95% CI 0.516-0.572). The sensitivity was 73.8%, specificity was 44.3% and the Youden index was 0.181. In the consistency test, the kappa value was 0.838 (P < 0.001). Conclusion The PNI is of limited value for assessing malnutrition, although it did have good consistency with the PG-SGA. The combination of the PNI and PG-SGA can be used for diagnosing assessing malnutrition in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"134 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42654619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruifeng Yin, Ling Li Fu, Ping Chen, Zhenming Fu, Hong-xia Xu, C. Song, M. Cong, Hanping Shi
Abstract: Objective The patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) is a nutritional assessment tool specially designed for cancer patients. This study tested the validity of the PG-SGA for the nutritional assessment of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in China. Methods A total of 8,093 Chinese patients with any stage CRC were enrolled in this cross-sectional, observational study. Within the first 48 hours of admission, patients were evaluated using the PG-SGA, nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and some anthropometric parameters, including the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), hand grip strength (HGS), maximum left calf circumference (MLCC), and maximum right calf circumference (MRCC), among others. Spearman’s correlation test was performed to analyze item-total score correlations and correlations between the total PG-SGA score and other parameters or performance scores, further testing convergent validity. The discriminative ability of the PG-SGA was measured by comparing different characteristics between several nutritional groups. A principal component analysis was performed with selected parameters to evaluate the construct validity. Results The average total PG-SGA score of all patients was 5.69 ± 4.46, and they had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range (IQR), 51-67 years) and an average body mass index (BMI) of 22.57 ± 3.29 kg/m2. The item-total correlations of the total PG-SGA score between the global PG-SGA rating (Spearman, r = 0.94) and PG-SGA score (patient-generated) (Spearman, r = 0. 97) were strong. Significant correlations were also found between the total PG-SGA score and other nutritional screening tools, including the BMI (Spearman, r = -0.26), KPS (Spearman, r = -0.36), and NRS 2002 (Spearman, r = -0.47). Well-nourished (41.2%), mildly or moderately malnourished (35.3%) and severely malnourished (23.5%) groups defined according to the PG-SGA had significantly different characteristics. Patients with a worse nutritional status tended to have a decreased BMI (well-nourished, 23.32 kg/m2 vs. mildly or moderately malnourished, 22.52 kg/m2 vs. severely malnourished, 21.35 kg/m2; P < 0.001), hemoglobin, body fat mass, muscle mass, protein mass, TSF, MAC, HGS, MAMC, and MLCC, and a dramatically increased C-reactive protein level. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was > 0.7, and the P value of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was < 0.001. One component was extracted by the principal component analysis, and the analysis showed that the total PG-SGA score explained the total variances of 97.3%. Conclusion The PG-SGA is a valid tool for evaluating the nutritional status for Chinese CRC patients.
{"title":"Validity of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in Colorectal Cancer Patients in China","authors":"Ruifeng Yin, Ling Li Fu, Ping Chen, Zhenming Fu, Hong-xia Xu, C. Song, M. Cong, Hanping Shi","doi":"10.34175/jno202103002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202103002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objective The patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) is a nutritional assessment tool specially designed for cancer patients. This study tested the validity of the PG-SGA for the nutritional assessment of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in China. Methods A total of 8,093 Chinese patients with any stage CRC were enrolled in this cross-sectional, observational study. Within the first 48 hours of admission, patients were evaluated using the PG-SGA, nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and some anthropometric parameters, including the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), hand grip strength (HGS), maximum left calf circumference (MLCC), and maximum right calf circumference (MRCC), among others. Spearman’s correlation test was performed to analyze item-total score correlations and correlations between the total PG-SGA score and other parameters or performance scores, further testing convergent validity. The discriminative ability of the PG-SGA was measured by comparing different characteristics between several nutritional groups. A principal component analysis was performed with selected parameters to evaluate the construct validity. Results The average total PG-SGA score of all patients was 5.69 ± 4.46, and they had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range (IQR), 51-67 years) and an average body mass index (BMI) of 22.57 ± 3.29 kg/m2. The item-total correlations of the total PG-SGA score between the global PG-SGA rating (Spearman, r = 0.94) and PG-SGA score (patient-generated) (Spearman, r = 0. 97) were strong. Significant correlations were also found between the total PG-SGA score and other nutritional screening tools, including the BMI (Spearman, r = -0.26), KPS (Spearman, r = -0.36), and NRS 2002 (Spearman, r = -0.47). Well-nourished (41.2%), mildly or moderately malnourished (35.3%) and severely malnourished (23.5%) groups defined according to the PG-SGA had significantly different characteristics. Patients with a worse nutritional status tended to have a decreased BMI (well-nourished, 23.32 kg/m2 vs. mildly or moderately malnourished, 22.52 kg/m2 vs. severely malnourished, 21.35 kg/m2; P < 0.001), hemoglobin, body fat mass, muscle mass, protein mass, TSF, MAC, HGS, MAMC, and MLCC, and a dramatically increased C-reactive protein level. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was > 0.7, and the P value of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was < 0.001. One component was extracted by the principal component analysis, and the analysis showed that the total PG-SGA score explained the total variances of 97.3%. Conclusion The PG-SGA is a valid tool for evaluating the nutritional status for Chinese CRC patients.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"109 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43578427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Ma, Fei Fei Feng, Ziang Shi, Ke Di Xu, Y. Zou, Yan Wang, S. Ning, C. Song
Abstract: Aim Eggs are one of the most nutritious foods in nature, but there is no unified conclusion about the association between egg intake and breast cancer risk. Methods The PubMed and Web of Science databases for the literature on egg intake and breast cancer risk were searched for papers published during the last 10 years. These were then filtered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata16.0 software was applied to perform a metaanalysis, the generalized least squares method and constrained cubic spline model were used to assess the dose-response trends between egg intake and breast cancer risk. Results A total of 9 articles were included: 6 case control studies and 3 cohort studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) values of the included articles were all ≥ 6 points. The pooled relative risks (RR) of egg intake and breast cancer risk was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.69-1.19). The dose-response analysis showed a linear trend for egg intake and breast cancer risk (P = 0.689). With every 10 g/day increase in egg intake, the incidence of breast cancer increased by 2% (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.99-1.05). However, these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion This meta-analysis found no significant association between egg intake and breast cancer.
摘要：目的鸡蛋是自然界中最有营养的食物之一，但对鸡蛋摄入量与乳腺癌症风险的关系尚没有统一的结论。方法在PubMed和Web of Science数据库中检索近10年来发表的关于鸡蛋摄入量和癌症风险的文献。然后根据纳入和排除标准对其进行筛选。应用Stata16.0软件进行元分析，采用广义最小二乘法和约束三次样条模型评估鸡蛋摄入量与乳腺癌症风险之间的剂量反应趋势。结果共纳入9篇文章：6篇病例对照研究和3篇队列研究。纳入文章的纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）值均≥6分。鸡蛋摄入量与乳腺癌症风险的合并相对风险（RR）为0.91（95%CI:0.69-11.19）。剂量反应分析显示，鸡蛋摄入量与癌症风险呈线性趋势（P=0.689）。鸡蛋摄入量每增加10g/天，癌症的发病率就增加2%（RR=1.02，95%CI:0.99-1.05）。然而，这些结果没有统计学意义。结论该荟萃分析未发现鸡蛋摄入量与癌症之间存在显著相关性。
{"title":"A Dose-response Meta-analysis of Egg Intake and Breast Cancer Risk","authors":"Peng Ma, Fei Fei Feng, Ziang Shi, Ke Di Xu, Y. Zou, Yan Wang, S. Ning, C. Song","doi":"10.34175/jno202102005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno202102005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aim Eggs are one of the most nutritious foods in nature, but there is no unified conclusion about the association between egg intake and breast cancer risk. Methods The PubMed and Web of Science databases for the literature on egg intake and breast cancer risk were searched for papers published during the last 10 years. These were then filtered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata16.0 software was applied to perform a metaanalysis, the generalized least squares method and constrained cubic spline model were used to assess the dose-response trends between egg intake and breast cancer risk. Results A total of 9 articles were included: 6 case control studies and 3 cohort studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) values of the included articles were all ≥ 6 points. The pooled relative risks (RR) of egg intake and breast cancer risk was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.69-1.19). The dose-response analysis showed a linear trend for egg intake and breast cancer risk (P = 0.689). With every 10 g/day increase in egg intake, the incidence of breast cancer increased by 2% (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.99-1.05). However, these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion This meta-analysis found no significant association between egg intake and breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"6 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42705287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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