Journal of Porous Materials最新文献

To develop novel biodegradable foams with superior mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties, konjac glucomannan/ peanut meal/ gelatin (KPG) foams were fabricated using sol-gel method and freeze-drying. The foams were further modified with methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to enhance hydrophobicity. The effects of MTS dosage, modification duration, and equilibrium humidity on foams properties were investigated. Results demonstrated that the modified foams maintained a well-defined, uniform three-dimensional porous network structure even under high humidity conditions. Compared to the unmodified foams, the Water Contact Angle (WCA) increased by up to 19.5%, while exhibiting a maximum decrease of 85.9% in moisture absorption rate and a maximum reduction of 5.4% in thermal conductivity. This enhancement in hydrophobicity was attributed to the successful grafting of methyl groups onto the foam’s skeleton via the CVD process, which effectively reduces surface energy and inhibits moisture adsorption. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of KPG foams for high-value utilization of peanut meal (PM) and for enhancing the hydrophobic properties of thermal insulation foams.

A high-performance MnFe₂O₄@ZIF-8 magnetic composite was successfully designed and synthesized, and its adsorption behavior toward doxycycline (DOX) was systematically investigated. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the effective incorporation of MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles into the ZIF-8 framework, while magnetic hysteresis measurements demonstrated favorable magnetic responsiveness, enabling rapid separation under an external magnetic field. Adsorption equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, which yielded a model-derived maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q_m) of 3235.5 mg/g at 25 °C. Kinetic, thermodynamic, and adsorption behavior analyses indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Based on the combined results of FT-IR spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, pH-dependent adsorption experiments, and adsorption studies, the adsorption of DOX onto MnFe₂O₄@ZIF-8 is proposed to involve multiple cooperative interactions, including electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, possible metal–DOX coordination, and pore-filling/spatial confinement effects. In addition, the composite maintained good adsorption performance after four consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating promising recyclability. The results suggest that MnFe₂O₄@ZIF-8 is a promising magnetic adsorbent for the removal of antibiotic contaminants from aqueous environments and provide useful insights for the design of multifunctional MOF-based adsorbents for water treatment applications.

The design and preparation of structures involving hierarchical porous systems have attracted interest due to their potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis. In this work, a series of micro/mesoporous composite materials was prepared from Beta zeolite (H-BEA), via a two-step recrystallization method, varying the initial alkaline concentration of the reaction medium (i.e., 0.2, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 M aqueous NaOH) generating the MM-02, MM-06, MM-12, and MM-18 samples, respectively. Several techniques, such as FT-IR, XRPD, ²⁷Al MAS NMR, FESEM-EDX, TEM, and N₂ physisorption, were used to study the structure, acidity, and texture of the resulting materials. The alkaline treatment at the lowest concentration led to a material practically preserving the total concentration of acid sites of the H-BEA precursor and resulting in a hierarchical porous structure having intracrystalline mesopores and the intrinsic microporosity of Beta zeolites (MM-02). Meanwhile, a Beta/MCM-41 composite possessing an interesting hierarchical pore system with a non-conventional N₂ isotherm was synthesized using 0.6 M NaOH (MM-06). Besides, the use of stronger alkalinity induced the formation of materials characterized by a poor contribution of microporosity caused by zeolite degradation, but showing a significant mesoporous presence from MCM-41 (MM-12 and MM-18). Finally, exploration assays of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) catalytic pyrolysis were performed on the rich-zeolite hierarchical materials with a sample-to-catalyst mass ratio of 1/7 at 550 °C. The MM-02 catalyst showed the best performance, yielding selectivity values of 51 and 37% to BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) and alkanes, respectively, with suppression of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) production.

This work investigates the influence of CaO incorporation on the structural, textural, optical, surface chemical, and photocatalytic properties of mesoporous Ti-MCM-41. CaO derived from waste eggshells was incorporated into the Ti-MCM-41 framework through a sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction and Raman analyses reveal that increasing CaO loading induces a gradual phase transformation of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile, accompanied by the formation of crystalline CaO domains. Low-angle XRD and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analyses confirm that the ordered mesoporous structure is retained after modification, although the specific surface area decreases from 208.8 to 26.7 m² g^− 1 owing to partial pore filling and blockage by CaO species. HRTEM further confirms the preservation of the mesoporous framework together with the coexistence of crystalline CaO and TiO₂ phases. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows a gradual increase in the optical band gap from 3.04 to 3.39 eV, while photoluminescence analysis demonstrates progressive suppression of charge carrier recombination with increasing CaO loading. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the successful incorporation of CaO and reveals modifications in the surface chemical states and electronic environment of the Ti-MCM-41 framework. Zeta potential measurements show that CaO modification shifts the surface charge towards more negative values, indicating enhanced colloidal stability and favourable electrostatic interactions with cationic dye molecules. The CaO-modified materials exhibit enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under UV irradiation following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The improved photocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of structural evolution, interfacial charge transport, increased surface basicity, and enhanced charge separation within the mesoporous framework.

Graphical Abstract

A novel mesoporous graphene oxide/clinoptilolite–polydopamine (GO/Clino-PDA) composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by oxidative polymerization and evaluated for the adsorption of diclofenac sodium (DCF) from aqueous solutions. The study presents a multifunctional adsorbent with enhanced adsorption performance, improved stability and separation of GO, and statistical optimization of the adsorption process using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The structural and physicochemical properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, and TGA analyses. BET results confirmed a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 8.92 nm, while FTIR indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylate, and carbonyl functional groups. The adsorption kinetics of GO/Clino-PDA were well described by the pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich model. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity (q_m) was determined to be 295.85 mg/g. Among the studied parameters, pH was identified as the most influential factor. RSM optimization indicated an optimum adsorption capacity of 243.876 mg/g at pH of 4, initial DCF concentration of 80 mg/L, temperature of 25 °C, and contact time of 40 min, with high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.996). The composite exhibited good reusability over multiple adsorption–desorption cycles. Overall, the GO/Clino-PDA composite demonstrates efficient and stable performance for DCF removal, highlighting its potential as a promising adsorbent for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Cu₂S nanoparticles supported on commercial F9 NaX zeolite (FAU) were prepared and evaluated for sunlight-assisted decolorization of methylene blue in water. Cu²⁺ was introduced by aqueous ion exchange (0.025-0.10 M CuSO₄, 50 °C, 25 min; natural pH) and converted to sulfide by in situ sulfidation with Na₂S under matched conditions. XRD and FTIR support retention of the FAU framework after both steps. Diffuse reflectance shows broad visible absorption (350–500 nm) with a maximum near 438 nm that increases with nominal sulfidation concentration. HRTEM analysis of ZF9 + Cu₂S-0.1 reveals dispersed crystalline nanodomains (18 ± 2 nm, n = 100) associated with the host; lattice fringes (d = 1.99 Å) are consistent with Cu₂S (110). Decolorization tests were performed under sunlight using methylene blue (15 ppm, 25 mL) and 0.10 g solid after 20 min dark equilibration; A0 was defined after the dark step and absorbance was monitored at 664 nm. Dark adsorption and photolysis blanks were included, and outcomes are reported as methylene blue decolorization from the 664 nm absorbance response. ZF9 + Cu₂S-0.1 reached ~ 95% overall decolorization at 100 min, whereas lower nominal sulfidation concentrations were largely adsorption-driven. Overall, the sustained decrease in the MB band during sunlight exposure occurs only for ZF9 + Cu₂S-0.1, which exhibits the strongest Cu-S-related optical response, with NaX acting as a growth and stabilization matrix rather than a strict micropore-confinement medium.

With the rapid development of industrial activities such as electroplating, metallurgy and printing and dyeing, a large volume of wastewater containing typical heavy metals including Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ is discharged into the environment. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable heavy metal adsorbent materials is critical for environmental management. This study investigates the preparation method, influencing factors and adsorption mechanism of cerium-modified tobermorite. Through batch static adsorption experiments, model fitting and comprehensive characterization using XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS, it is determined that the sample modified with 0.05 mol/L Ce exhibits the optimal performance. The modified material can well retain the three-dimensional network structure of tobermorite, and Ce elements are uniformly distributed on the material surface. Under the conditions of a heavy metal solution pH of 6, an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, a material dosage of 1.0 g/L, and a reaction time of 60 min, the removal rates of Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ reach as high as 99.08% and 99.76%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified tobermorite for heavy metals exceeds 99 mg/g. After Ce modification, active sites can be introduced, and the silicon-oxygen framework participates in interfacial complexation, which further enhances the adsorption and immobilization effect for heavy metals, with heavy metal ions uniformly and dispersedly distributed on the material surface.

The biomass-derived graphene has been grabbing attention of researchers and industries due to its sustainability, easy processibility, tunable pore/surface properties, long life cycle and cost-effectiveness. The synthesis of biomass-derived graphene utilizes green approach, which is better alternative of conventional graphene synthesis. In addition to this, the utilization of biomass-derived materials will also minimize the incorporation of non-renewable resources for graphene production. These materials help in CO₂ sequestration by behaving as carbon sinks. This review covers the synthesis of these materials via chemical vapour deposition, hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis and microwave-assisted techniques. In addition to this, industrial applications of graphene such as in energy storage devices, biomedicines, electronics and sensing devices, water purification and in various catalytic reactions have been discussed in detail.

The separation of ethanol from water in an azeotropic mixture remains a major industrial challenge. To address this problem, the membrane-based pervaporation has emerged as a viable option due to its molecular selectivity and low temperature requirement. In this study, LTA type zeolite particles were coated on outer surface of alumina hollow fiber (AHF) to make defect free zeolite membrane by dip coating method. Coating method was optimized to enhance scalability as well as to reduce the wastage of synthesis gel. The phase, growth, and morphology of LTA on AHF was confirmed by XRD, FE-SEM, and HRTEM. The thickness of zeolite coating was ranged from 4 μm to 7 μm. Pervaporation tests of ethanol/water (90/10 vol%) mixture with various temperatures revealed strong water selectivity, a steady permeation flux and capacity to break the azeotrope. Permeate flux was increased with increase in temperature from 3.4 to 13 kg.m⁻²h^− 1, and separation factor varies from 6926.1 to 25754.5 for a feed flow of 2 mL min^− 1. The activation energy was estimated using the Arrhenius model to describe the temperature dependence of permeation. The activation energy for the CH₃CH₂OH and H₂O was ~ 86.83 and ~ 40 kJ mol^− 1, respectively; higher activation energy alludes to stronger sensitivity of water permeance to temperature, indicating its potential in water separation through pervaporation.

Surface modification of porous particles with functional groups is a common way to anchor noble metal catalysts. Herein, surface modification of mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was performed using polyphenols (PNs) through oxidative copolymerization of tea polyphenols and theophylline. The PNs modification ratios on subsequent both Pt loading and chemical states of supported Pt are thoroughly investigated. Catalytic activity of the resulting catalysts was evaluated through various hydrosilylation reactions, while its recyclability was also examined. Results show that modification with PNs can not only facilitates the loading of Pt, but also favors the formation of more active Pt⁰ species, thereby increase the catalytic activity of the catalyst. Among them, the SBA-15-PNs-Pt-2 catalyst with the highest PNs ratios exhibits both high activity, good selectivity of anti-Markovnikov addition products and excellent recycling performance. Meanwhile, whether it is under low catalyst loadings or toward the hydrosilylation reactions between a series of substrates, the SBA-15-PNs-Pt-2 catalyst all exhibit undeclined activity, which again signifies the substantial role of PNs in both loading and anchoring Pt species.