Journal of Porous Materials最新文献

In this paper, silica hydrolyzed by tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as template to synthesize phenolic resin microspheres by resorcinol and formaldehyde. Then, mesoporous hollow carbon microspheres (MHCM) were obtained by etching and high-temperature calcination. The sea urchin-like MHCM@PANI composite absorbing material was prepared by in-situ polymerization of MHCM coated with polyaniline (PANI). The microwave absorption performance of MHCM@PANI composite was evaluated. The minimum reflection loss (RL_min) was − 49.95dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth was 6.03 GHz. By adjusting the ratio of MHCM and PANI, the effective electromagnetic wave absorption of X, C and Ku bands can be achieved, and the broadband absorption can be achieved. With low dielectric constant, PANI can effectively adjust the overall dielectric properties of carbon materials, optimize impedance matching, and generate new heterogeneous interfaces, thus improving the wave absorption properties of composite materials. The excellent absorbing performance mainly comes from the combination of good impedance matching characteristics and a variety of loss mechanisms including dielectric loss, multiple reflection scattering and strong interface polarization.

For bone tissue regeneration, 3D printing ceramic materials is beneficial, however material synthesis and commercially accessible composites raise demand and decrease cost-effectiveness. Implementing more composite materials to the defective site may triggers oxidative stress to the surrounding cells. This study focuses on the development of 3D printed Bentonite- Hydroxyapatite (BEN-HAP) scaffold infilled with flavonoids conjugated silk fibroin for bone tissue replacement for controlling oxidative stress during tissue regeneration. The silk fibroin (SF) infilled regions in the scaffold showed a sponge-like fibre matrix that facilitates cell adhesion and proliferation which were observed under FESEM. Also, flake-shaped appetite formation with increased Ca: P ratio (13.21:9.11) was observed in SF-infilled scaffolds, confirming the calcium and phosphate mineralization layer. The scaffolds showed improved surface properties that facilitated slow water permeation and absorption compared with BEN-HAP scaffold. The biocompatibility results showed no toxic effect on human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs), additionally, the quercetin and hesperetin loaded SF-BEN-HAP scaffold showed more than 60% closure promoting a high cell migration rate at 10 µM concentration in scratch test assay. And a maximum reduction in Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in hWJ-MSCs was observed when treated with 20 µM flavonoids, as a result, the scaffold provides better environmental niche for cell growth, inhibiting the oxidative stress, suitable for bone tissue repair.

This work introduces four mutually reinforcing synthesis routes to prepare hydrophobic silicalite-1 zeolite membranes tailored for H₂/CO₂ separation in the presence of moisture. In combination, sequential zirconia intermediate layer, dual-sized seeding, variable-temperature hydrothermal crystallization, and cationic-linker-assisted seeding limit Al leaching from the support, promote the order arrangement of seeds, and drive the formation of continuous, defect-free crystals. Structural and morphological analyses, together with gas permeation tests, verify that the resulting films are dense, highly crystalline, and strongly water-repellent. The best-performing membrane shows a Si/Al ratio of 211 (values commonly reported for Al-containing MFI membranes Si/Al < 100), a water contact angle of 155° (vs. < 120° for conventional layers), and an H₂/CO₂ selectivity of 6.4 while maintaining high permeance. The observed separation behavior closely follows the degree of hydrophobicity, highlighting the critical roles of suppressing Al incorporation and eliminating intercrystalline voids. Overall, the proposed scalable synthesis route yields mechanically robust membranes suitable for post-Water Gas Shift hydrogen upgrading and integration into high-temperature membrane reactors.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a sophisticated class of crystalline materials characterized by metal ions coordinated with organic ligands, resulting in highly porous structures. Among them, MOF-801, a zirconium-based framework, stands out due to its exceptional surface area and customizable pore architecture. In this study, MOF-801 was synthesized by a solvothermal method, and an impregnation technique was utilized to composite it with the hygroscopic salt LiCl. This process yielded three composite adsorbents (ML-1, ML-2, ML-3) with varying LiCl mass fractions. The morphological characteristics of MOF-801 and its composite materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption measurements. The influence of hygroscopic salt content on the adsorption performance of the composite adsorbents was analyzed, and the desorption performance of MOF-801 and its composites was evaluated under various temperature conditions. The experiments demonstrated that composite adsorbents containing LiCl exhibited commendable adsorption performance, desorption capabilities, and cyclic stability. The composite adsorbent ML-3, featuring a 30% LiCl mass fraction, achieved an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 0.6788 g/g after 25 adsorption-desorption cycles at 25 °C and 50% RH, representing a 168% increase compared to pure MOF-801. Additionally, ML-3 exhibited significantly enhanced desorption rates and speeds, indicating its potential applicability in atmospheric water harvesting (AWH).

In the present work, we report the synthesis of a low-cost microporous sucrose-based carbon foam (ACF) with a specific surface area of 591.29 m²/g, which was used as support for the preparation of a palladium-based (ACF-Pd) heterogeneous catalyst. The prepared ACF-Pd heterogeneous catalyst was characterized using BET, Raman, XPS, XRD, TEM, SEM and EDS methods. The catalytic reduction/decolorization capacity of microporous ACF-Pd was investigated for the reduction of various nitroarenes (2-nitroaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine) and organic dyes (methyl orange, methylene blue and rhodamine B) by UV-Vis spectroscopy in an aqueous medium, with NaBH₄ as the reducing agent at room temperature. The advantages of this method include short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, high yields, easy separation and excellent chemical stability of the catalyst due to its reusability. The results of the catalytic tests showed that the reduction/discoloration reactions of both nitro compounds and organic dyes were successfully carried out within 0–100 s, owing to the strong catalytic ability of ACF-Pd. Moreover, the catalytic reduction of 2-nitroaniline was carried out five times in consecutive run without both noticeable decrease in the catalytic and any change in the morphology of the catalyst, confirming that it is a sustainable and robust nano catalyst.

The development of stable, high-density electrode materials for use in advanced electrochemical energy storage systems is of utmost importance. This study presents a simple one-step chemical precipitation approach for the fabrication of Bi₂(Se₀.₈S₀.₂)₃@C, a sulfur-modified bismuth selenide solid solution coupled with amorphous carbon. The presence of crystalline bismuth selenosulfide was verified through structural investigation. Morphological analysis revealed a network of nanosheets embedded within a carbon matrix, facilitating enhanced charge transfer and providing abundant electroactive sites. Electrochemical testing in a 3 M KOH electrolyte showed that the Bi₂(Se₀.₈S₀.₂)₃@C electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 950 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 98% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles with nearly 100% efficiency. An asymmetric supercapacitor device, using activated carbon as the negative electrode and Bi₂(Se₀.₈S₀.₂)₃@C as the positive electrode, delivered a maximum energy density of 65 Wh kg⁻¹ at 877 W kg⁻¹ and 35 Wh kg⁻¹ at 3117 W kg⁻¹. Furthermore, after just 20 s of charging, two ASC coin cells connected in series were able to power multiple LEDs for approximately 10 min, demonstrating excellent power delivery and rapid energy storage capability. These results indicate that asymmetric supercapacitors based on sulfur-modified bismuth selenide–carbon composite electrodes can be highly effective. In addition, Bi₂(Se₀0.8 S₀.₂)₃@C shows enhanced photocatalytic performance with ~ 92% MB degradation, higher rate constant (0.0761 min⁻¹), and excellent stability over five cycles due to improved charge separation.

Biomass-derived carbon materials are increasingly being explored for energy storage applications due to their environmental compatibility, renewability, and cost-effectiveness. This work proposes a sustainable strategy to address the growing demand for green energy storage systems by converting agricultural waste into high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Activated carbon was prepared from bagasse obtained from Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot tuber, ART), selected for its low cost, abundant availability, and potential to enhance power delivery characteristics. The ART bagasse was first carbonised at 800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon material (AR). Subsequent activation was performed at 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C, yielding samples denoted AR 600, AR 700, AR 800, and AR 900, respectively. Comprehensive structural and surface characterisation was performed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, BET, and XPS analysis. Among the prepared materials, AR 800 exhibited the highest specific surface area of 2553 m² g^− 1, as determined by BET analysis. Electrochemical measurements revealed that AR 800 delivered superior capacitive performance, achieving a specific capacitance of 336 F g^− 1 at a current density of 1 A g^− 1 in a three-electrode system. This optimized material was further assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor device, which demonstrated a specific energy of 7.4 Wh kg^− 1 and a specific power of 1300 W kg^− 1 at 1 A g^− 1. The device maintained 95.4 % of its initial capacitance and a coulombic efficiency of 95.6 % after 20,000 charge–discharge cycles. Additionally, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor successfully powered LED lights at various operating voltages, highlighting its practical applicability.

To address the low ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity of natural zeolite, NaCl-microwave co-modification was employed to improve its adsorption performance. Surface characterization of zeolite samples clarifies how modification alters its structural makeup and surface properties. Process parameters were optimized systematically through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, allowing exploration of the adsorption mechanism and relative importance of influencing factors for the NaCl-microwave co-modified zeolite, as well as the underlying regulatory principles. Results demonstrate that NaCl-microwave co-modified zeolite delivers substantially higher adsorption efficiency and removal performance relative to natural zeolite. Modification unblocks pore structures, increasing specific surface area from 46 m²·g^− 1 to 70 m²·g^− 1, while promoting deeper Na⁺ diffusion into zeolite channels and significantly raising Na⁺ content. At near-neutral pH, ion exchange dominates ammonia nitrogen adsorption, with selectivity following the sequence Na⁺> Ca²⁺> K⁺> Mg²⁺. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency from 100 mg·L^− 1 wastewater reaches 94.2%, 2.09 times that of natural zeolite. Langmuir modelling indicates a maximum adsorption capacity of 25.92 mg·g^− 1 at 313 K for the NaCl-microwave co-modified zeolite, eight times that of natural zeolite (3.23 mg·g^− 1). These results highlight the strong potential of NaCl-microwave co-modified zeolite for ammonia nitrogen pollution remediation.

This study aimed to characterize a natural clinoptilolite-type zeolite and evaluate its effects on proliferation and migration in L929 (fibroblast) and HEK293T (epithelial) cell lines. XRD analysis confirmed the material's high purity, with clinoptilolite as the dominant phase (72.9%). XRF and ICP-MS analyses demonstrated that the Si/Al ratio (4.8–5.4) and cation exchange capacity (CEC: 2.38 meq/g) were consistent with typical clinoptilolite. SEM revealed irregular, aggregated particles (7–10 µm) with high porosity. Cell proliferation (MTT assay) and migration (Scratch Wound Assay) were assessed. The zeolite showed a significant dose- and time-dependent proliferative effect on both cell lines. Notable increases in proliferation were observed at 500 µg/mL in L929 cells at 72 h (p < 0.0001) and at 600 µg/mL in HEK293T cells (p < 0.0001). Cell migration was also enhanced, particularly at 200 µg/mL in L929 ( p < 0.01) and 100 µg/mL in HEK293T ( p < 0.001). Overall, these results indicate that this high-purity clinoptilolite zeolite possesses the potential to support the proliferation and migration of key cell types involved in wound healing and thus holds great promise as a bioactive material for biomedical applications.

Lanthanum contamination in the aquatic environment has become a critical environmental concern that calls for creative and effective treatment techniques. A hybrid adsorption material was prepared here by embedding MOF-199 into sodium alginate beads for the effective removal of lanthanum from an aqueous solution. Composite beads were prepared using the gelation method, which proved to be simple and scalable, and allowed the uniform dispersion of MOF-199 within the alginate matrix. FESEM analysis showed a rough morphology favorable for adsorption, while FTIR confirmed interaction between MOF-199 and alginate matrix. XPS verified the elemental composition and involvement of active binding sites during the adsorption of La³⁺ ion, and XRD revealed the successful integration of the MOF structure into the polymeric framework. The MOF-199@SA beads showed 99.78% (49.80 mg/g) adsorption capacity. The findings herein demonstrate that the MOF-199@SA beads are a highly efficient, structurally stable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the abatement of lanthanum contamination in the water system.