Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427057
A. Rothstein, V. Staudt
Model-based control of converter-connected assets is an option to establish excellent dynamics. Such a control strongly relies on the quality of the model used. In case of power-electronic converters, blanking-time effects introduces a large voltage error, especially at low output voltage. Blanking-time effects depend on the sign (and, to a lesser degree, on the magnitude) of the current flowing in the instant of each single switching event. This can be predicted and compensated by the control - but the effort is high. Also, especially at low current magnitude, the risk of prediction failures grows - and leads to an increase of the voltage error in case of prediction errors. Reducing the risk of miss-prediction requires high modelling effort and/or fast current measurement processed by the main control loop - causing high effort and cost. This paper presents and discusses opportunities and advantages of driver integrated blanking time compensation with low additional effort. A concept for realization is introduced.
{"title":"Mechanisms of driver integrated blanking time compensation","authors":"A. Rothstein, V. Staudt","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427057","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based control of converter-connected assets is an option to establish excellent dynamics. Such a control strongly relies on the quality of the model used. In case of power-electronic converters, blanking-time effects introduces a large voltage error, especially at low output voltage. Blanking-time effects depend on the sign (and, to a lesser degree, on the magnitude) of the current flowing in the instant of each single switching event. This can be predicted and compensated by the control - but the effort is high. Also, especially at low current magnitude, the risk of prediction failures grows - and leads to an increase of the voltage error in case of prediction errors. Reducing the risk of miss-prediction requires high modelling effort and/or fast current measurement processed by the main control loop - causing high effort and cost. This paper presents and discusses opportunities and advantages of driver integrated blanking time compensation with low additional effort. A concept for realization is introduced.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"5 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76390463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426963
F. Aboura, S. Touhami, A. Zama, R. Tahmi, O. Touhami, K. Boughrara
In this paper we carried out dynamical modeling studies and analyzed of the three-phase three legged transformers of the laboratory. The unbalance and hysteresis phenomenon are also treated and two models are used, namely the T- and PI-models. The PI-model as developed by De-Léon et al [14] in the EMTP simulator (Electro-Magnetic Transients Program) does not give good results. That is why we proceeded to the correction of this model by reversing the two transformers keeping the same parameters of the magnetizing branch. However, the inductance Lsh determined by a short-circuit test should be reduced to the secondary winding of the second transformer. An adequate correction of the model gave simulation results very similar to those of experimental ones. Another solution giving the same results is presented in this paper. We also addressed the unbalance of the three-phase transformer by the symmetrical components method and by the FPEM (Feature Pattern Extraction Method).
{"title":"Dynamical modeling and analysis of asymmetric unbalanced three-phase transformers","authors":"F. Aboura, S. Touhami, A. Zama, R. Tahmi, O. Touhami, K. Boughrara","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426963","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we carried out dynamical modeling studies and analyzed of the three-phase three legged transformers of the laboratory. The unbalance and hysteresis phenomenon are also treated and two models are used, namely the T- and PI-models. The PI-model as developed by De-Léon et al [14] in the EMTP simulator (Electro-Magnetic Transients Program) does not give good results. That is why we proceeded to the correction of this model by reversing the two transformers keeping the same parameters of the magnetizing branch. However, the inductance Lsh determined by a short-circuit test should be reduced to the secondary winding of the second transformer. An adequate correction of the model gave simulation results very similar to those of experimental ones. Another solution giving the same results is presented in this paper. We also addressed the unbalance of the three-phase transformer by the symmetrical components method and by the FPEM (Feature Pattern Extraction Method).","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"31 1","pages":"623-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74440599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427016
E. Eni, Bogdan Ioan Incau, T. Kerekes, R. Teodorescu, S. Munk‐Nielsen
The objective of this paper is to characterize and evaluate the static and dynamic performances of 10 kV 10 A 4H-SIC MOSFETs at high temperatures. The results show good electrical performances of the SiC MOSFETs for high temperature operations. The double-pulse test results showed interesting behavior at elevated temperatures, where at turn-on the switching speeds become faster, thus turn-on losses become smaller, and opposite at turn-off.
{"title":"Characterisation of 10 kV 10 A SiC MOSFET","authors":"E. Eni, Bogdan Ioan Incau, T. Kerekes, R. Teodorescu, S. Munk‐Nielsen","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427016","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to characterize and evaluate the static and dynamic performances of 10 kV 10 A 4H-SIC MOSFETs at high temperatures. The results show good electrical performances of the SiC MOSFETs for high temperature operations. The double-pulse test results showed interesting behavior at elevated temperatures, where at turn-on the switching speeds become faster, thus turn-on losses become smaller, and opposite at turn-off.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"18 1","pages":"675-680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75233279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426956
S. Costinas, C. Ionescu, I. Opriş, D. Nistoran, G. Sava
Safety, reliability, affordability, sustainability for power supply depends on equipment and implementation of new technologies. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a multi-criteria evaluation questionnaire for assessing equipment breakdown consequences. The development and implementation of such questionnaire for electrical equipment and priority setting for the maintenance plan will have a significant contribution in choosing the optimal asset and risk management solutions. The approach of considering safety and environmental impact in the maintenance management process is an important step in the evolution of maintenance departments into the new perspective, following world concerns and complying with ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards. The case - study selected for the testing phase analyzed the questionnaires provided by the operators of substations located in the central region of Romania. It is a collaborative and very environmentally sensitive approach to long-term management HV substations.
{"title":"Multi-criteria approach for maintenance management in HV substations","authors":"S. Costinas, C. Ionescu, I. Opriş, D. Nistoran, G. Sava","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426956","url":null,"abstract":"Safety, reliability, affordability, sustainability for power supply depends on equipment and implementation of new technologies. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a multi-criteria evaluation questionnaire for assessing equipment breakdown consequences. The development and implementation of such questionnaire for electrical equipment and priority setting for the maintenance plan will have a significant contribution in choosing the optimal asset and risk management solutions. The approach of considering safety and environmental impact in the maintenance management process is an important step in the evolution of maintenance departments into the new perspective, following world concerns and complying with ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards. The case - study selected for the testing phase analyzed the questionnaires provided by the operators of substations located in the central region of Romania. It is a collaborative and very environmentally sensitive approach to long-term management HV substations.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"31 1","pages":"198-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72971743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427013
A. Rothstein, V. Staudt, Volker Trapp, Hans Peter Kratz
Voltage-source converters need grid-side filters to connect to the grid. These grid-side filters on the one hand couple the converter-generated grid-side voltages to the grid voltages and on the other hand mitigate the influence of the switching of the power-electronic devices of the converter on the grid. While uncontrolled diode bridges usually couple via inductances (due to their low switching frequency defined by the grid frequency) self-commutated converters need more sophisticated filter structures, usually of LCL-type, to damp the effects generated by the switching of the power-electronic devices such, that EMC requirements imposed by grid codes are met. Such filters rely on resonance - and various types of resonances may lead to interactions between multiple converters connected to a grid, e.g. in case of solar farms. Resonance effects may lead to additional stress on components, additional losses in e.g. transformers, interruption of service and even damage to components. Consequently, damping of the filter is one option to improve the interoperability of a filter - but it needs additional components and causes cost and losses. This paper researches the effect of filter damping based on a demonstrative example.
{"title":"Analysis of the properties of damped LCL filters including measurement-based assessment","authors":"A. Rothstein, V. Staudt, Volker Trapp, Hans Peter Kratz","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427013","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage-source converters need grid-side filters to connect to the grid. These grid-side filters on the one hand couple the converter-generated grid-side voltages to the grid voltages and on the other hand mitigate the influence of the switching of the power-electronic devices of the converter on the grid. While uncontrolled diode bridges usually couple via inductances (due to their low switching frequency defined by the grid frequency) self-commutated converters need more sophisticated filter structures, usually of LCL-type, to damp the effects generated by the switching of the power-electronic devices such, that EMC requirements imposed by grid codes are met. Such filters rely on resonance - and various types of resonances may lead to interactions between multiple converters connected to a grid, e.g. in case of solar farms. Resonance effects may lead to additional stress on components, additional losses in e.g. transformers, interruption of service and even damage to components. Consequently, damping of the filter is one option to improve the interoperability of a filter - but it needs additional components and causes cost and losses. This paper researches the effect of filter damping based on a demonstrative example.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"50 1","pages":"176-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76385211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427050
M. Chirca, S. Breban, C. Oprea, M. Radulescu
This paper investigates two topologies of ferrite-permanent-magnet synchronous machines for use as direct-driven generators in micro-wind power applications, i.e. the axial-flux double-sided inner-stator permanent-magnet (AF-PM) generator and the radial-flux spoke-type interior-permanent-magnet (RF-IPM) generator. The comparative design analysis of AF-PM and RF-IPM micro-wind generators based on finite-element field analysis proves that both topologies represent a good-performance and cost-effective solution of choice for micro-wind power applications.
{"title":"Comparative design analysis of ferrite-permanent-magnet micro-wind turbine generators","authors":"M. Chirca, S. Breban, C. Oprea, M. Radulescu","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427050","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates two topologies of ferrite-permanent-magnet synchronous machines for use as direct-driven generators in micro-wind power applications, i.e. the axial-flux double-sided inner-stator permanent-magnet (AF-PM) generator and the radial-flux spoke-type interior-permanent-magnet (RF-IPM) generator. The comparative design analysis of AF-PM and RF-IPM micro-wind generators based on finite-element field analysis proves that both topologies represent a good-performance and cost-effective solution of choice for micro-wind power applications.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"13 1","pages":"687-692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82046159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426959
A. Balikci, Eyup Akpinar
In this paper, five-level Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is analyzed with reduced number of power switches. The simulation has been performed by using a digital signal processing unit (DSP) and Matlab/Simulink together. Selective harmonic elimination, single phase real (P) and reactive (Q) power methods are used to control power flow in the delta connected converter. The response of STATCOM is investigated under inductive loading conditions. All the control algorithm is programmed on DSP and grid connected AC/DC converter is simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The predicted results from Matlab and DSP TMS320F28335 have been presented.
{"title":"Five-level converter with selective harmonic elimination for STATCOM","authors":"A. Balikci, Eyup Akpinar","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426959","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, five-level Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is analyzed with reduced number of power switches. The simulation has been performed by using a digital signal processing unit (DSP) and Matlab/Simulink together. Selective harmonic elimination, single phase real (P) and reactive (Q) power methods are used to control power flow in the delta connected converter. The response of STATCOM is investigated under inductive loading conditions. All the control algorithm is programmed on DSP and grid connected AC/DC converter is simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The predicted results from Matlab and DSP TMS320F28335 have been presented.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"44 1","pages":"129-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76759557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427005
C. Festila, E. Dulf, R. Both
Cryogenic isotope separation column cascade is complex equipment, with special control challenges. One of the main manipulated variables in these plants is the value of the instantaneous electrical power transferred to the heating resistor in the subsystem called boiler. In order to avoid any electromagnetic interference between various sensors attached to each column, the heating resistors must be supplied in DC. Unfortunately DC power supplies are subject to inherent power line variations, which change the output voltage value and also to resistance variations with temperature. For an efficient plant operation it is necessary to control the instantaneous power delivered by the supply despite all these disturbances. The present paper deals with this control strategy, developing the necessary mathematical models of the process and designing proper controllers. The simulation scenarios take into account all disturbing effects and preserving accurate results.
{"title":"Analysis, modeling and simulation of a DC supply with load power control","authors":"C. Festila, E. Dulf, R. Both","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427005","url":null,"abstract":"Cryogenic isotope separation column cascade is complex equipment, with special control challenges. One of the main manipulated variables in these plants is the value of the instantaneous electrical power transferred to the heating resistor in the subsystem called boiler. In order to avoid any electromagnetic interference between various sensors attached to each column, the heating resistors must be supplied in DC. Unfortunately DC power supplies are subject to inherent power line variations, which change the output voltage value and also to resistance variations with temperature. For an efficient plant operation it is necessary to control the instantaneous power delivered by the supply despite all these disturbances. The present paper deals with this control strategy, developing the necessary mathematical models of the process and designing proper controllers. The simulation scenarios take into account all disturbing effects and preserving accurate results.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"119 1","pages":"153-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76943233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426739
I. Boldea, A. Moldovan, L. Tutelea
While field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque and flux control (DTFC) have been established as mature technologies for high performance a.c. motor variable speed drives, scalar (V/f and I-f) control is sufficient for general sensorless, lower cost, a.c. motor drives in applications such as pumps, compressors, ventilators, which constitute the majority in terms of installed power. The present paper presents an overview about recent progress of scalar control of a.c. motors in terms of speed control and precision range, response to faster load torque perturbations and energy savings within limited control complexity (lower cost) and without speed close loop control.
{"title":"Scalar V/f and I-f control of AC motor drives: An overview","authors":"I. Boldea, A. Moldovan, L. Tutelea","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426739","url":null,"abstract":"While field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque and flux control (DTFC) have been established as mature technologies for high performance a.c. motor variable speed drives, scalar (V/f and I-f) control is sufficient for general sensorless, lower cost, a.c. motor drives in applications such as pumps, compressors, ventilators, which constitute the majority in terms of installed power. The present paper presents an overview about recent progress of scalar control of a.c. motors in terms of speed control and precision range, response to faster load torque perturbations and energy savings within limited control complexity (lower cost) and without speed close loop control.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"11 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79724572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426987
D. Uygun, Selim Solmaz, Y. Cetinceviz
This paper proposes a dual-rotor brushless direct-current motor design specifically realized for unmanned underwater vehicles. Brushless DC motors are known for their high torque capacity and power density specs which are also suitable for underwater drive trains known as “thrusters”. Proposed brushless DC motor model having double rotor and double stator structure is basically designed by applying typical design procedure including sizing equations followed by detailed parametric analysis approach and coupled circuit model. Design of a dual-rotor brushless DC thruster having foregoing structure utilizes modular concentrated winding, optimized slot-opening and pole/slot ratio, outer and inner diameter and etc. Main output parameters such as rated torque, rated power, rated speed and total loss parameter of each brushless DC motor for different rotor positions are computed and compared. Additionally, a coupled-circuit analysis is employed to show the impact of the proposed design to evaluate rated power and torque capability.
{"title":"Dual stator/rotor brushless DC motors: A review of comprehensive modelling based on parametric approach and coupled circuit model","authors":"D. Uygun, Selim Solmaz, Y. Cetinceviz","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426987","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a dual-rotor brushless direct-current motor design specifically realized for unmanned underwater vehicles. Brushless DC motors are known for their high torque capacity and power density specs which are also suitable for underwater drive trains known as “thrusters”. Proposed brushless DC motor model having double rotor and double stator structure is basically designed by applying typical design procedure including sizing equations followed by detailed parametric analysis approach and coupled circuit model. Design of a dual-rotor brushless DC thruster having foregoing structure utilizes modular concentrated winding, optimized slot-opening and pole/slot ratio, outer and inner diameter and etc. Main output parameters such as rated torque, rated power, rated speed and total loss parameter of each brushless DC motor for different rotor positions are computed and compared. Additionally, a coupled-circuit analysis is employed to show the impact of the proposed design to evaluate rated power and torque capability.","PeriodicalId":69201,"journal":{"name":"城市设计","volume":"136 1","pages":"635-641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85870394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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