Egyptian journal of bilharziasis最新文献

Morphological and histopathological changes in the testis have been reported to result from bilharzial infestation. There should be certain changes in the biochemical composition of the cells which might lead to these changes in the structure. This study was undertaken to compare the lipid composition of the testis and the serum level of FSH of normal and infected white Swiss albino mice at 8, 10 and 12 weeks after infection. The results indicate that infection produced a marked and persistent decrease in serum FSH indicating hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland. There was also marked alterations in the lipid composition of the testis. These include an elevation in the levels of triglycerides. NEFA, cholesterol and cholesterol esters and a lowering in the level of phospholipids. The changes observed could be due to various forms of endocrine disturbances associated with schistosomiasis.

Nine hundred and sixteen schistosomal patient together with 97 non-schistosomal controls were examined for the presence of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs in their sera by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). The results are reported and statistically analysed. HBs-Ag, anti-HBs and the exposure rate were found significantly higher in schistosomal patients than in controls. The frequency of HBs-Ag was not significantly different in the active and inactive schistosomal groups, while the anti-HBs was significantly higher in the inactive group. S. mansoni-infected cases showed significantly higher frequency of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs than cases with S. haematobium. The prevalence of HBs-Ag was highest between 20-39 years of age in the schistosomal group, while the anti-HBs was maximum at the age of 30-39 years. There were no sex differences in the prevalence of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs in both schistosomal and control groups. However, a significantly higher frequency of anti-HBs was found between male patients and male controls. The same was true for females. Patients with history of parenteral anti-bilharzial treatment and blood transfusions were accompanied with significantly higher percentage of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs. The importance and significance of the results are discussed.

The study included 916 schistosomal patients and 97 controls. The prevalence of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs was significantly higher in the bilharzial patients compared to controls. Their frequency was higher in the ascitic than the hepatosplenic group, and the difference between each and the simple group was highly significant. Cases with current jaundice showed highly significant frequency of both HBs-Ag and anti-HBs compared to those with no history or manifest jaundice at the time of study. In addition, cases with raised bilirubin, SGPT and SGOT showed significantly higher frequency of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs compared to cases having normal levels. On the other hand, the frequency was not affected by the level of serum alkaline phosphatases. As regards liver pathology, cases with mixed pathologic picture showed significantly higher frequency of both HBs-Ag an anti-HBs compared with those having pure schistosomal lesions.

Serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate and albumin were estimated in 74 bilharzial patients and 14 normal individuals as control. A significant hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia was found in bilharzial patients with liver fibrosis and ascites. The authors suggest that these changes may be due to hypoparathyroidism. Both ascitic and non ascitic patients showed hypomagnesaemia. This hypomagnesaemia was more obvious in the ascitic group. The hypomagnesaemia is probably due to excess aldosterone secretion in these patients, combined with hypoparathyroidism in the cirrhotic patients with ascites.

181 cases with schistosomiasis were skin tested with S. mansoni antigen and tuberculin (PPD) after complete clinical and parasitological examination. Their results were compared to a control group of 89 non bilharzial cases. The positivity of tuberculin reaction was found to be less frequent in schistosomiasis (37.5%) when compared to non schisto. controls (55.0%). This low reactivity was more manifest in the advanced stages of the disease. The delayed skin reaction with S. mansoni antigen was seen in 52.4% of schisto. cases while non of the control showed any positivity. There are more delayed skin test positives with the advance of the disease.

The influence of 10 degrees, 18 degrees, 26 degrees, 28 degrees and 33 degrees C, different periods of complete darkness and starvation on growth and survival of H. duryi, B. alexandrina and B. truncatus were studied. The optimum temperature for the growth and survival was about 26 degrees C. Survivorship and growth rates decreased proportionately according to starvation period. However, darkness had no significant effect on the growth of B. truncatus and H. duryi. Under the chosen experimental conditions H. duryi revealed higher tolerance limits and survival rates than B. alexandrina and B. truncatus. The potential of H. duryi as biological control agent of Schistosome vector snails is discussed.

B mode and real time ultrasonography have been used in a trial to demonstrate the patency of distal splenorenal shunt done in Warren's operation. Thirty seven patients with portal hypertension, and bleeding oesophageal varices were the subject of this study. Using B-mode ultrasonography in 70% of cases (26 patients), the splenic, left renal vein and the site of anastomosis were demonstrated. In 8% (3 patients), both splenic and left renal veins were seen patent, but the site of anastomosis was not detected. In the remaining 22% (8 patients), neither the left renal vein nor the site of anastomosis could be demonstrated. Using the Real-time two dimensional ultrasound, 9 of the 37 patients were examined. The patency of both veins and the site of the shunt was demonstrated in 90% (8 patients).

Studies dealing with the effect of some herbicides on the molluscicidal action of certain molluscicides against B. alexandrina have been carried out. In the first part of the study the toxicity of 3 molluscicides (Copper sulphate, Niclosamide and Frescon) and 3 herbicides (Gramaxone, Preforan and Treflan) was tested individually. Results indicated that the molluscicides were more potent than the herbicides. In the second part, snails were exposed for 24 hr to one of the tested herbicides using LC0 or (Sub. lethal conc) then the toxicity of molluscicides was determined among the same snails. Data indicated that pre-exposure to herbicides caused a synergistic action with copper sulphate, while with Niclosamide and Frescon marked antagonistic effect was observed. In the third part molluscicides and herbicides were mixed in different ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) and the toxicity of the mixtures was tested. A synergistic effect was observed in the case of copper sulphate plus various herbicides especially with Treflan at 1:2 ratio. With Niclosamide and Frescon slight antagonistic effect was detected.