Egyptian journal of bilharziasis最新文献

The effects of the antischistosomal drug, niridazole, on the rate of gluconeogenesis in kidney cortex slices and on the rate of oxidation of pyruvate and some Krebs cycle intermediates in liver homogenates of infected mice were described. The effect of schistosoma mansoni infection on the previously mentioned parameters was also described. The infection per se did not affect the rate of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate, succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate when used as gluconeogenic precursors. In case of the rates of oxidation of pyruvate, succinate alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate, the infection decreased them significantly. In vitro, niridazole did not increase the inhibition of the rate of oxidation of different substances studied caused by the infection per se. The rate of gluconeogenesis from alpha-ketoglutarate was also unaffected. In vivo, niridazole did not affect the oxidoreductases more than did the infection per se. In fact in many cases, the drug tended to normalize the inhibitory effect of the infection on some of the enzyme systems, particularly in the case of the citrate succinate and pyruvate. On administration of 100 mg/kg of niridazole for 5 days (i.e. low dosage only) the rate of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate was stimulated. Such effects seem to be related to the presence of metabolites rather than to the parent drug.

Twenty five simple bilharzial pregnant females together with eight control non-bilharzial gravid women were included in this study. Quantitation of immunoglobulins G and M was performed on both maternal and cord blood sera. The transmission of IgG through the placenta was suggested by the trend for positive correlation between foetal and maternal IgG levels. Maternal IgG was significantly higher in the active bilharzial group compared with the non-active group. Foetal IgM was significantly higher in the active bilharzial group compared with the control non-bilharzial cases.

A survey was carried out to investigate the presence of Bilharziasis among the fishermen of the lake Maryut. Schistosoma mansoni is more prevalent, than S. haematobium among fishermen of lake Maryut. Biomphalaria alexandrina, snails were prevalent around the lake specially in places of low salinity, where fresh water discharges exist. Bulinus truncatus snails were not found during the time of the present survey and more frequent surveys are needed. There is an inverse relation between the number of snails and the salinity of the water. Since the salinity of the water is decreasing by time as a result of the increased discharge of agricultural and domestic waste into the lake, Bilharziasis infection may increase among the fishermen. This situation needs more attention from public health authorities in the area.

Under well defined laboratory conditions as troughs, room temperature, humidity, water and air supply Biomphalaria glabrata was bred and kept. In feeding trials powder of pellets for mice and commercial fish food were used as high protein diet in comparison to poor protein diet consisting of lettuce only. The high protein diet resulted in more clutches and eggs per snail than the lettuce diet. Also the yield of cercariae in the rish protein group was much higher than in the group fed on on lettuce alone. The optimal amount of snails could be obtained by feeding pellet powder, fish food and lettuce.

Under well defined laboratory conditions as troughs, room temperature, humidity, water, and air supply Bulinus truncatus was bred and kept. In a feeding trial high protein diet consisting of powdered mice pellets, commercial tropical fish food and lettuce was compared to poor protein diet of lettuce alone. Higher yield of clutches, eggs and cercariae were observed in the rich protein diet group, Bulinus and Biomphalaria Snail seem to be influenced by diet in the same way.

The molluscicidal properties of Damsin "I", Ambrosin "II", and tribromodamsin "III" were investigated against the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus. Although Damsin was to some extent more toxic against B. alexandrina than the other two compounds, it was less toxic than them against B. truncatus after 24 hr exposure periods. There is a flex relationship between concentration of Damsin and exposure period to prodce 100% mortality. The molluscicidal potency of Damsin remained stable over a wide range of pH values, but was affected by storage, sunlight and river bed-mud. Structure-activity relationship is included.

The chemistry of the different compounds applied in the field of schistosomicides has been reviewed in detail. On the basis of their chemical constitution, these compounds have been classified into: organotrivalent antimonials; Xanthones and related compounds "xanthones, chromones and mirasans"; Nitroheterocyclic compounds "nitroquinolines, nitrofurans and nitrothiazoles"; Miscellaneous compounds "phenoxy compounds, piperazines, naphthylazo compounds, phosphorous compounds, carbanilides, rosanilines, salicyclic acid derivatives and natural products". On consideration of biochemical and pharmacological investigations, studies concerned with mechanism of action, metabolic changes and comparative toxic effects of some groups of these compounds are reported. Investigations on the relation between constitution and action among variety of these compounds are included.

The investigator studied schistosomiasis of central nervous system in human cadavers and hamsters. He found out that 13.3% of the spinal cords of the human cadavers were infected by Schistosoma ova. The lesion was confined to the lumbosacral region of the cord in cases of advanced bilharziasis. The cords of infected Hamsters showed only diffuse cell infilterate without ova. The possible pathways of ova from the final habitats of the parasites to the cord are pelvivertebral and portovertebral connections as shown from the discovered pathological changes in the blood vessels of these areas.

Evaluation of the validity of the different formulae assigned to tarar-emetic is reviewed. According to the recent and most valid structure, tartar emetic is defined as potassium hydroxytartratoantimonite hemihydrate which is a derivative of the antimonite ion [Sb(OH)4]-.

The effects of the topical application of Dyphylline in concentrations of 1.0 mg/1.0 ml and 10 mg/1.0 ml Ringer's solution and 25 mg/1.0 ml, 0.065% NaCl solution (the content of ampoules in clinical use) were investigated on frog's heart in situ. Dyphylline in all of the above concentrations had a stimulatory effect on the frog's heart. Hycanthone methanesulphonate in concentration of 1.0 ml/1.0 ml when topically applied to the frog's heart had a depressant effect on both of the contractility and rhythmicity. The depressant effects of Hycanthone in concentration of 1:1 were compared before and after the topical application of Dyphylline in the above mentioned concentrations. It was found that Dyphylline in concentration of 1.0 mg/1.0 ml could partially antagonize the depressant effect of Hycanthone on the heart rate but not on the force of contraction. Dyphylline in concentration of 10 mg/1.0 ml could partially antagonize the depressant effects of Hycanthone on both of the heart rate and the force of contraction. Dyphylline in concentration of 25 mg/1.0 ml could completely antagonize the depressant effects of hycanthone on both of the heart rate and the force of contraction.