Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

Testicular ischaemia is a remarkable urological health problem affecting young males and needs immediate surgical intervention. Its incidence is about 4.5 in 100,000 males aged from 1-25 years. Finding more ameliorative medical treatment becomes mandatory to mitigate the harmful effects of testicular ischaemia reperfusion (TIR). This directed us to evaluate for the first time the impact of nicorandil (NIC) in TIR induced testicular and cardiac damage. We divided the Wistar albino rats into five groups; Sham, untreated TIR, treated TIR+NIC, TIR+NIC + ω-nitro-l-arginine (L.NNA), TIR+NIC+glimepiride (GLP). Interestingly, NIC succeeded to ameliorate TIR induced biochemical and histopathological changes. Compared to TIR, NIC increased serum testosterone by 3.9-fold and decreased cardiac troponin I 1.9-fold, CK-MB 2.4-fold, and LDH 1.3-fold. Testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) was diminished by 2.4-fold, and reduced glutathione (GSH) increased 3.1-fold. Cardiac MDA decreased 2.1-fold, and GSH rose 2.9-fold. NIC also reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (cardiac 1.8-fold; testicular 2-fold) and increased VEGF-A (cardiac 2.1-fold; testicular 2-fold). L.NNA or glimepiride reversed these effects (p < 0.05). NIC mitigates TIR-induced testicular and cardiac damage via the K_ATP channel opening, eNOS enhancement, and Wnt/β-catenin regulation. NIC may be a future medical therapy alongside surgery for TIR.

Background: The regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) gene family is instrumental in tumour progression. However, the role of the RGS gene family in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be further elucidated.

Methods: A risk score model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and nomogram integrating clinicopathological parameters was developed. Pathological information was collected from 115 patients with GC. Expression levels of relevant RGS genes were measured using absolute quantitative PCR to validate the accuracy of the model and nomogram.

Results: High expression of RGS1, RGS2, RGS4, and RGS5 correlated with shorter overall survival (OS). Five-gene risk models (RGS2, RGS3, RGS4, RGS5, and RGS16) effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with patients in the high-risk group showing significantly shorter OS.

Conclusion: The RGS gene family is a prognostic biomarker and influences the immune microenvironment in GC. The developed risk model and nomogram are valuable personalised prognostic prediction.

This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei (LC) against diabetes (DM). The levels of serum glucose, HbA1c, pancreatic tissue MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β were increased in the diabetes group compared with the non-diabetic control group, while serum insulin levels, CAT, and SOD activities were lower in the diabetes group. LC reduced the levels of NF-κB, TLR-4, and caspase-3, whereas Bcl-2 and Nrf-2 were elevated. Based on biochemical parameters and histopathological findings, LC, as determined in preliminary studies, effectively lowered blood glucose, HbA1c levels in diabetic rats, reduced lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and mitigated oxidative stress. Furthermore, since limited studies have investigated the impact of Lactobacillus casei on NF-κB, Tlr-4 and the Bcl-2, caspase-3, and Nrf-2 signalling pathways in STZ-induced diabetic pancreatic tissue, this study serves as a pioneering contribution to the literature.

Background: Trisomy 21, caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, results in Down syndrome (DS). Maternal biochemical markers and prenatal sonographic findings are valuable for assessing the risk of Trisomy 21, although they are not definitive for diagnosis. Case Presentation: The biochemical markers evaluated included Inhibin A, β-hCG, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Elevated Inhibin A and β-hCG levels and reduced AFP levels are associated with an increased risk of Trisomy 21. Sonographic findings, including an echogenic cardiac focus and mild renal pelvicalyceal prominence, may represent normal variants but can be associated with a slightly increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities. In the present case, the combination of these sonographic findings and abnormal serum marker levels raised suspicion of Trisomy 21 or other fetal conditions. Genetic counselling was advised, with further diagnostic evaluation by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Conclusion: The combined interpretation of maternal serum biochemical markers and prenatal sonographic findings may assist in identifying pregnancies at increased risk of Trisomy 21 and guide the need for further diagnostic evaluation.

Background: The nuclear cytoplasmic transport and post transcriptional modification of TFEB protein in skeletal muscle are the core links regulating the autophagy lysosome system and mitochondrial function, and their response mechanisms to different motor modes are not fully understood.

Methods: The study analysed the subcellular localisation of TFEB using immunofluorescence technology, detected TFEB phosphorylation (Ser142/Ser211) levels and mTOR, AMPK/ULK1 signalling pathway related protein expression by Western blot, detected autophagy related genes (LC3B, Beclin-1, Atg5, etc.) mRNA levels by qPCR, and simultaneously detected lysosome and mitochondrial functional indicators.

Results: After exercise intervention, the expression of autophagy related genes was upregulated, lysosome function was enhanced. The above changes were most significant in the high-intensity interval group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Different exercise modes differentially regulate TFEB phosphorylation modification and nuclear cytoplasmic transport, mediate mTOR-AMPK/ULK1 signalling pathway imbalance. Among them, high-intensity interval exercise has significant advantages in regulating TFEB signalling pathway and enhancing skeletal muscle metabolic adaptation.

Background: With the ageing of the global population, osteoporosis poses a serious challenge to elderly health.

Purpose: The aim is to explore the intervention effect and molecular mechanism of resistance training (RT) based on precise mechanical load monitoring on patients with primary osteoporosis complicated with muscle atrophy.

Methods: Recruiting 98 elderly patients, they were randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 49) and a control group (n = 49). Molecular level studies have confirmed that the increase in endogenous GLP-1 secretion induced by RT (+46.9%) is significantly correlated with the downregulation of MSTN expression (-41.7%).

Results: In vitro experiments further elucidated that MSTN mature peptides inhibit muscle regeneration by inducing G2/M phase blockade in myoblasts, and the GLP-1 mediated signalling pathway can effectively alleviate this blockade effect.

Conclusion: Precise resistance training has synergistically improved the musculoskeletal structure and function of elderly patients through the "GLP-1/MSTN axis", providing important biological evidence for clinical precision intervention in skeletal muscle atrophy.

Introduction: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is the variation in Inter Beat Intervals (IBIs) of a heart signal and a measure of the cardiovascular system's flexibility to changes not expected from other factors. Traditional methods use electrocardiography (ECG) and polysomnography (PSG), which are invasive, costly, and unsuitable for continuous monitoring. Single-channel Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a wearable alternative but is noisy and prone to motion artefacts.

Methods: The proposed Single-Channel PPG-Based Hybrid HRV-Sleep Analysis (SCH-HSA) method applies Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to enhance signal quality. Peaks are identified, the Hilbert transform calculates IBIs, and sample entropy extracts nonlinear HRV features. Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) retains the most relevant features, while a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model learns temporal patterns and categorises sleep stages.

Results: Experimental evaluation achieved 94.6% HRV estimation accuracy and 95.2% sleep-stage classification accuracy, outperforming Gudi et al., GOA-IBI, SleepPPG-Net, and SC-PPG for real-time wearable healthcare applications.

Conclusion: Experimental evaluation achieved 94.6% HRV estimation accuracy and 95.2% sleep-stage classification accuracy, outperforming Gudi et al., GOA-IBI, SleepPPG-Net, and SC-PPG for real-time wearable healthcare applications.

Introduction: Periodontal inflammation is increasingly linked to systemic metabolic dysfunction, although its mechanism of involvement in energy balance is unclear. Microbial dysbiosis and chronic periodontitis cause inflammation and affect insulin signalling and lipid metabolism. Methods: This study introduces the PerioMet-HOMEOSTASIS framework to examine oral-systemic metabolic crosstalk using integrated physiological and biochemical methods, including periodontal assessment, cytokine profiling, microbial sequencing, and metabolomics. Results: XAI analysis reveals that severe periodontal inflammation leads to a 50-60% rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines and a 30-35% decrease in insulin sensitivity, with inflammation-driven pathways as key contributors. Conclusion: The proposed framework provides a mechanistically interpretable understanding of oral-systemic metabolic interactions. The integration of Explainable AI enhances transparency and supports early prediction and targeted intervention for metabolic disorders, aligning with the principles of integrative metabolism research.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in adult-onset glycogen storage disease type II (late-onset Pompe disease).

Methods: From January 2021 to January 2023, 8 diagnosed patients were enrolled. Data collected included gender, age, BMI, serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatinine. Transthoracic echocardiography assessed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), interventricular septal thickness, E/A ratio, and E/e' ratio. 2D-STE measured global longitudinal strain (GLS). Data were analysed using SPSS 23.0 with descriptive statistics and scatter plots.

Results: Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels were elevated. Conventional echocardiography showed no significant abnormalities. However, GLS values were reduced compared to normal populations. No significant correlations were found between GLS and age, BMI, echocardiographic parameters, or serum biomarkers.

Conclusion: Adult-onset type II glycogen storage disease may involve subclinical cardiac changes. 2D-STE shows advantages over conventional echocardiography in detecting these early alterations.