The risk of infection with sharp objects is abundant while providing healthcare services. There is absolute need for preventive measures to be in place and sharp boxes/containers have been designed to serve that purpose. However, in local health centers, the standard sharp boxes/containers are not available, and when available, are not adequate. Therefore, this article describes a newly designed container for handling sharps in local settings. The covers of locally available containers were drilled with screw-drivers to make a hole that could admit 21-23 gauge needles. The serrated edges were smoothened and then the cover of the container was sealed with adhesive tape. The body of the container was then labeled “keep out of reach of children and mentally unstable”. The design was thus a plastic container with about 200ml in volume with a height of about 11cm, able to contain over 50 disposable needles with a size about 0.8 x 40 mm each. It provides a high resistance against been piecing by the needles and therefore can be handled by health staff without fear. The containers can be disposed by burning or burying. Finally, innovations such as this local-made safety container can be used to handle sharps with minimal risk of infection. The health-workers can boast of safety in the absence of advance designed sharp containers.
在提供医疗服务的同时，尖锐物品感染的风险很大。绝对有必要采取预防措施，为此设计了锋利的箱子/容器。然而，在地方保健中心，没有标准的锋利盒子/容器，即使有，也不够用。因此，本文描述了一种新设计的容器，用于处理本地设置中的尖锐物品。在当地可用的容器的盖子上用螺丝刀钻出一个可以容纳21-23号针头的孔。将锯齿状边缘磨平，然后用胶带封住容器的盖子。容器的主体被贴上了“儿童接触不到的地方，精神不稳定”的标签。因此，该设计是一个塑料容器，体积约为200毫升，高度约为11厘米，可容纳50多个一次性针头，每个针头的尺寸约为0.8 x 40毫米。它具有很强的抗针刺能力，因此卫生工作人员可以毫无畏惧地处理它。这些容器可以通过燃烧或掩埋的方式处理。最后，像这种本地制造的安全容器这样的创新可以用来处理利器，感染的风险最小。在没有预先设计的尖锐容器的情况下，卫生工作者可以夸耀自己的安全。
{"title":"The Handling Of Sharp Objects In A Local Setting","authors":"B. Tabowei, B. Kombo, George Duke Mukoro","doi":"10.5580/2c85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2c85","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of infection with sharp objects is abundant while providing healthcare services. There is absolute need for preventive measures to be in place and sharp boxes/containers have been designed to serve that purpose. However, in local health centers, the standard sharp boxes/containers are not available, and when available, are not adequate. Therefore, this article describes a newly designed container for handling sharps in local settings. The covers of locally available containers were drilled with screw-drivers to make a hole that could admit 21-23 gauge needles. The serrated edges were smoothened and then the cover of the container was sealed with adhesive tape. The body of the container was then labeled “keep out of reach of children and mentally unstable”. The design was thus a plastic container with about 200ml in volume with a height of about 11cm, able to contain over 50 disposable needles with a size about 0.8 x 40 mm each. It provides a high resistance against been piecing by the needles and therefore can be handled by health staff without fear. The containers can be disposed by burning or burying. Finally, innovations such as this local-made safety container can be used to handle sharps with minimal risk of infection. The health-workers can boast of safety in the absence of advance designed sharp containers.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74492962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundSkin diseases are associated with environmental factors, and a public health approach is particularly important .The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of skin disorder, to analyze the age and sex distribution and to deworm the cases which had Pityriasis alba. MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in 988 children of a higher primary school for 3 weeks duration in Kalkunte Agrahara which is the field practice area of Dept. of Community Medicine, Vydehi institute of medical sciences and research centre,Bangalore. Students were clinically examined for the presence of skin disorders and details noted down in pre-tested structured questionnaires individually. Results -In this study, among 988 children, 24 skin disorders were prevalent .Pityriasis Alba was the most common skin disorder accounting for 46.76%, followed by others like Keratosis Pilaris (13.03%), Seborrhea (10.92%), Icthyosis (8.09%), Acne (5.2%), Pediculosis (3.35%) and Impetigo (4.14%). In all ages pityriasis alba was the most common followed by keratosis pilaris. Impetigo was found among all but in more in higher primary. Seborrhea and pediculosis was seen more in higher primary. Folliculitis was seen more among lower primary. ConclusionHealth education among school children to be made as a curriculum and deworming of all school children to be taken as a regular health care scheme .
{"title":"Prevalence Of Skin Disorders In School Children","authors":"B. Anand, Mps Marwaha, B. Prakash","doi":"10.5580/2c1e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2c1e","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundSkin diseases are associated with environmental factors, and a public health approach is particularly important .The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of skin disorder, to analyze the age and sex distribution and to deworm the cases which had Pityriasis alba. MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in 988 children of a higher primary school for 3 weeks duration in Kalkunte Agrahara which is the field practice area of Dept. of Community Medicine, Vydehi institute of medical sciences and research centre,Bangalore. Students were clinically examined for the presence of skin disorders and details noted down in pre-tested structured questionnaires individually. Results -In this study, among 988 children, 24 skin disorders were prevalent .Pityriasis Alba was the most common skin disorder accounting for 46.76%, followed by others like Keratosis Pilaris (13.03%), Seborrhea (10.92%), Icthyosis (8.09%), Acne (5.2%), Pediculosis (3.35%) and Impetigo (4.14%). In all ages pityriasis alba was the most common followed by keratosis pilaris. Impetigo was found among all but in more in higher primary. Seborrhea and pediculosis was seen more in higher primary. Folliculitis was seen more among lower primary. ConclusionHealth education among school children to be made as a curriculum and deworming of all school children to be taken as a regular health care scheme .","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77154312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vakil, Simi Zaka-ur-rab, I. Lone, Sheikh Sajjad, M. Shukla, N. Islam
Effect Panretinal Laser Photocoagulation On The Concentration Of Enzymatic Antioxidants In The Of Diabetic Patients Single Multiple Sittings. Abstract The present study was carried on 60 eyes of 60 patients who attended the “Retina Centre” of Institute of Ophthalmology Aligarh Muslim University. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups; one group (Group A) comprised of 30 patients who received panretinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) in single sitting and the other group (Group B) also comprised of 30 patients who received PRP in four sittings. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study and the protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the centre. Estimation of enzyme levels of superoxide dismutuse, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was done in serum prior to laser photocoagulation, 24 hours after photocoagulation and 6 weeks after the last sitting of laser photocoagulation. In our study the mean enzyme level 24 hours after each sitting of laser photocoagulation in both the groups were significantly higher than the pre laser levels. This increase in the mean antioxidant enzyme level could be due to tissue response to increase in reactive oxygen species. The increase in mean enzyme level decreases after each sitting of laser photocoagulation in Group B corroborates with the fact that the defense mechanism against oxidative stress gradually becomes more efficacious after each laser sitting. The increase in mean level of enzymatic antioxidants remained significant even after 6 weeks of laser photocoagulation, may help to explain the mechanism where local laser treatment causes clinical improvement through out the retina and also explains why successful panretinal photocoagulation often prevents further retinal microvascular change despite the continued metabolic derangement. In the present study the mean serum change in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase after 24 hours was greater in Group A as compared to mean of the enzyme changes in all the sittings of laser photocoagulation in Group B. This difference in the change in antioxidant level between Group A and Group B was statistically significant at 24 hours after laser photocoagulation. At 6 weeks after the last laser sitting the mean change in serum catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels in Group A were higher than the levels of these enzymes in Group B. This difference in the level of enzymatic antioxidants was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). The fact that the change in mean of enzymatic antioxidants is greater in Group A as compared to the change in the mean of the enzyme levels in all the laser sittings in Group B as well as, at 6 weeks could be due to inducement of antioxidant enzymes at each laser sitting there by producing lesser changes in subsequent laser sittings. Therefore, it can be concluded that the oxidative stress produced by panretinal photocoagulatio
{"title":"Effect Of Panretinal Laser Photocoagulation On The Concentration Of Enzymatic Antioxidants In The Serum Of Diabetic Patients Single Vs Multiple Sittings.","authors":"A. Vakil, Simi Zaka-ur-rab, I. Lone, Sheikh Sajjad, M. Shukla, N. Islam","doi":"10.5580/2c1d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2c1d","url":null,"abstract":"Effect Panretinal Laser Photocoagulation On The Concentration Of Enzymatic Antioxidants In The Of Diabetic Patients Single Multiple Sittings. Abstract The present study was carried on 60 eyes of 60 patients who attended the “Retina Centre” of Institute of Ophthalmology Aligarh Muslim University. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups; one group (Group A) comprised of 30 patients who received panretinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) in single sitting and the other group (Group B) also comprised of 30 patients who received PRP in four sittings. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study and the protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the centre. Estimation of enzyme levels of superoxide dismutuse, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was done in serum prior to laser photocoagulation, 24 hours after photocoagulation and 6 weeks after the last sitting of laser photocoagulation. In our study the mean enzyme level 24 hours after each sitting of laser photocoagulation in both the groups were significantly higher than the pre laser levels. This increase in the mean antioxidant enzyme level could be due to tissue response to increase in reactive oxygen species. The increase in mean enzyme level decreases after each sitting of laser photocoagulation in Group B corroborates with the fact that the defense mechanism against oxidative stress gradually becomes more efficacious after each laser sitting. The increase in mean level of enzymatic antioxidants remained significant even after 6 weeks of laser photocoagulation, may help to explain the mechanism where local laser treatment causes clinical improvement through out the retina and also explains why successful panretinal photocoagulation often prevents further retinal microvascular change despite the continued metabolic derangement. In the present study the mean serum change in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase after 24 hours was greater in Group A as compared to mean of the enzyme changes in all the sittings of laser photocoagulation in Group B. This difference in the change in antioxidant level between Group A and Group B was statistically significant at 24 hours after laser photocoagulation. At 6 weeks after the last laser sitting the mean change in serum catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels in Group A were higher than the levels of these enzymes in Group B. This difference in the level of enzymatic antioxidants was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). The fact that the change in mean of enzymatic antioxidants is greater in Group A as compared to the change in the mean of the enzyme levels in all the laser sittings in Group B as well as, at 6 weeks could be due to inducement of antioxidant enzymes at each laser sitting there by producing lesser changes in subsequent laser sittings. Therefore, it can be concluded that the oxidative stress produced by panretinal photocoagulatio","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"2002 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82887140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Yadav, M. Mittal, Prateek Khanna, Meetu Jain, Sanjay Kumar
Obesity is a multifaceted subject. It has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Being overweight increases health and social problems, which may affect dental services and dental management. A review of the literature on obesity and periodontal disease suggested that they both confound each other, and obesity itself has been recognized as a major risk factor for periodontal disease. It has been found that adverse effects of obesity on periodontium may be mediated through proinflammation cytokines and various other bioactive substances. This article focuses on the possible role of obesity as a potential contributor to periodontal disease and vice-versa. The outcome of these associations can be used for various diagnostic and treatment planning purposes.
{"title":"Inter Relationship Between Obesity And Periodontal Disease","authors":"B. Yadav, M. Mittal, Prateek Khanna, Meetu Jain, Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.5580/2b4c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b4c","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a multifaceted subject. It has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Being overweight increases health and social problems, which may affect dental services and dental management. A review of the literature on obesity and periodontal disease suggested that they both confound each other, and obesity itself has been recognized as a major risk factor for periodontal disease. It has been found that adverse effects of obesity on periodontium may be mediated through proinflammation cytokines and various other bioactive substances. This article focuses on the possible role of obesity as a potential contributor to periodontal disease and vice-versa. The outcome of these associations can be used for various diagnostic and treatment planning purposes.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Igbe, J. Ajayi, G. Anyanwu, C. I. Igwillo, C. Ameh, N. Nwoke
A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients that attended the Federal Staff Hospital, Abuja for the purpose of establishing whether there was a difference between the prevalence of C. parvum in patients with diarrhea compared with those without diarrhea. The stools of a total of 354 patients were examined for the presence of C. parvum infection. The females were more infected than the males, 18 (10.84%) versus 14 (7.45%). In the individuals with diarrhea, the age group of 41-50 years had the highest prevalence of C. parvum infection (3, 33.33%), followed by those that were >50 years of age (2, 20.0%), and 31-40 years (3, 18.75%). In non-diarrhea individuals, those that were aged 31-40 years had the highest prevalence of C. parvum infection, (4, 10.53%), followed by those that were aged >50 years, (1, 7.69%). The mean age of the patients was 22.96 + 0.1 years (range 1-90 years; SD 0.93), with 188 males and 166 females. Diarrhea was present in 129 patients, and 225 had no diarrhea. In 16.28% (21/129) of the patients with diarrhoea, Cryptosporidium parvum was found, while in the control group 4.89% (11/225) was found to have the parasite. Among those with diarrhea, 21 had C. parvum, while 11 did not have diarrhea but had C. parvum. This study provides data for a more appropriate management and laid credence on the importance of routine stool cultures for the detection of coccidian parasites.
{"title":"Cryptosporidium Parvum In Patients With And Without Diarrhea In Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"M. Igbe, J. Ajayi, G. Anyanwu, C. I. Igwillo, C. Ameh, N. Nwoke","doi":"10.5580/2b4d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2b4d","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients that attended the Federal Staff Hospital, Abuja for the purpose of establishing whether there was a difference between the prevalence of C. parvum in patients with diarrhea compared with those without diarrhea. The stools of a total of 354 patients were examined for the presence of C. parvum infection. The females were more infected than the males, 18 (10.84%) versus 14 (7.45%). In the individuals with diarrhea, the age group of 41-50 years had the highest prevalence of C. parvum infection (3, 33.33%), followed by those that were >50 years of age (2, 20.0%), and 31-40 years (3, 18.75%). In non-diarrhea individuals, those that were aged 31-40 years had the highest prevalence of C. parvum infection, (4, 10.53%), followed by those that were aged >50 years, (1, 7.69%). The mean age of the patients was 22.96 + 0.1 years (range 1-90 years; SD 0.93), with 188 males and 166 females. Diarrhea was present in 129 patients, and 225 had no diarrhea. In 16.28% (21/129) of the patients with diarrhoea, Cryptosporidium parvum was found, while in the control group 4.89% (11/225) was found to have the parasite. Among those with diarrhea, 21 had C. parvum, while 11 did not have diarrhea but had C. parvum. This study provides data for a more appropriate management and laid credence on the importance of routine stool cultures for the detection of coccidian parasites.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82964817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Karthick, Kalyansundarbharathi Chidambaram, T. Sowmya, R. Natarajan
Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Many Asian countries, including Korea, China, Taiwan, and Japan, have very high rates of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the early 1940s. Gastric cancer remains a difficult disease to cure in Western countries, primarily because most patients present with advanced disease. Hence detecting early will decrease the mortality and morbidity Objectives: To identify the incidence of carcinoma stomach in patients presenting with acid peptic ulcer disease. Methods: To examine all the patients attending the OPD with dyspeptic/ acid peptic ulcer disease symptoms and the other causes of dyspepsia/peptic ulcer symptoms has been ruled out by other radiological/biochemical investigations and then they are subjected to upper GI scopy and biopsy. Results: The incidence of carcinoma of stomach is around 44% in patients presenting with acid peptic ulcer disease symptoms. The incidence of carcinoma stomach is more towards old age people. There is strong association between smoking and carcinoma stomach. There is less percentage of relation between carcinoma of stomach and alcohol. Conclusion: patients attending hospital with acid peptic ulcer disease symptoms have high incidence of carcinoma of stomach mainly in old age group. Hence patients attending hospital with peptic ulcer disease symptoms should be subjected to routine upper gastro intestinal endoscopy & endoscopic biopsy.
{"title":"Incidence Of Stomach Carcinoma In Patients With Acid Peptic Disease In Rural Hospital","authors":"P. Karthick, Kalyansundarbharathi Chidambaram, T. Sowmya, R. Natarajan","doi":"10.5580/2a75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2a75","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Many Asian countries, including Korea, China, Taiwan, and Japan, have very high rates of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the early 1940s. Gastric cancer remains a difficult disease to cure in Western countries, primarily because most patients present with advanced disease. Hence detecting early will decrease the mortality and morbidity Objectives: To identify the incidence of carcinoma stomach in patients presenting with acid peptic ulcer disease. Methods: To examine all the patients attending the OPD with dyspeptic/ acid peptic ulcer disease symptoms and the other causes of dyspepsia/peptic ulcer symptoms has been ruled out by other radiological/biochemical investigations and then they are subjected to upper GI scopy and biopsy. Results: The incidence of carcinoma of stomach is around 44% in patients presenting with acid peptic ulcer disease symptoms. The incidence of carcinoma stomach is more towards old age people. There is strong association between smoking and carcinoma stomach. There is less percentage of relation between carcinoma of stomach and alcohol. Conclusion: patients attending hospital with acid peptic ulcer disease symptoms have high incidence of carcinoma of stomach mainly in old age group. Hence patients attending hospital with peptic ulcer disease symptoms should be subjected to routine upper gastro intestinal endoscopy & endoscopic biopsy.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74227015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zisca Dixon, F. L. Newman, L. Chapa, Joan A. Vaccaro, F. Huffman
BACKGROUND: The Pro Children Eating Habits Questionnaire has been evaluated as a valid and reliable tool in Europe to measure determinants of fruit and vegetable intake for children; however, it has not been validation for United States populations. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the reliability and discrimination validity of fruit and vegetable correlates for the Pro Children Eating Habits Questionnaire; (2) investigate the predictive validity of determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption for multi-ethnic elementary school children; and, (3) to assess the association of social determinants with fruit and vegetable consumption. METHODS: One hundred and thirty elementary school students from the 3 and 5 grades completed this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Fruit and vegetable determinants, had satisfactory internal consistencies. No differences were found between the test and the retest for the individual questions with the exception of the question for mean perceived vegetable intake. The discriminatory validity indicated the questionnaire could show differences across grade and gender levels for barriers of fruit and vegetables but not for other factors. Grade together with gender explained barriers to eating fruit and vegetables. Greater availability of fruit in the home and school was associated with higher frequency of consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate the Pro-Children Eating Habits Questionnaire may be a reliable and valid tool for assessing fruit and vegetable consumption of children in the United States.
{"title":"Social determinants of fruit and vegetable intake and validation of Pro-Children Eating Habits Questionnaire for 3rd and 5th grade children","authors":"Zisca Dixon, F. L. Newman, L. Chapa, Joan A. Vaccaro, F. Huffman","doi":"10.5580/2cae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2cae","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Pro Children Eating Habits Questionnaire has been evaluated as a valid and reliable tool in Europe to measure determinants of fruit and vegetable intake for children; however, it has not been validation for United States populations. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the reliability and discrimination validity of fruit and vegetable correlates for the Pro Children Eating Habits Questionnaire; (2) investigate the predictive validity of determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption for multi-ethnic elementary school children; and, (3) to assess the association of social determinants with fruit and vegetable consumption. METHODS: One hundred and thirty elementary school students from the 3 and 5 grades completed this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Fruit and vegetable determinants, had satisfactory internal consistencies. No differences were found between the test and the retest for the individual questions with the exception of the question for mean perceived vegetable intake. The discriminatory validity indicated the questionnaire could show differences across grade and gender levels for barriers of fruit and vegetables but not for other factors. Grade together with gender explained barriers to eating fruit and vegetables. Greater availability of fruit in the home and school was associated with higher frequency of consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate the Pro-Children Eating Habits Questionnaire may be a reliable and valid tool for assessing fruit and vegetable consumption of children in the United States.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87100288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The case study describes a man with cholesterol, obesity and hypertension problems. His walking and dieting schemes alone were unable to reduce his excessive weight and bad cholesterol. He initially rejected the doctor’s advice to take cholesterol medication on suspicion it was harmful. Literature indicates that fear of medicine side-effects is one of the major reasons many patients do not adhere to drug therapy. Following an eclectic counseling program, the participant successfully disputed and eradicated his irrational and illogical fears of cholesterol medication and used it. In addition, the enlistment of his family members in the treatment program as onlookers further helped him to comply with the drug, exercise and diet regimens. Bad cholesterol was lowered and obesity downgraded to overweight. Maintenance of these gains during the follow-up phase suggested an increase in his self-efficacy for self-care. He was still vulnerable and at risk of developing heart disease and stroke.
{"title":"The Role of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Fighting Non-adherence to Medical Advice Maintained by Fear of Drug Side-effects in a Man with Cholesterol, Obesity and Hypertension Problems","authors":"Lawrence Mundia","doi":"10.5580/2c41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2c41","url":null,"abstract":"The case study describes a man with cholesterol, obesity and hypertension problems. His walking and dieting schemes alone were unable to reduce his excessive weight and bad cholesterol. He initially rejected the doctor’s advice to take cholesterol medication on suspicion it was harmful. Literature indicates that fear of medicine side-effects is one of the major reasons many patients do not adhere to drug therapy. Following an eclectic counseling program, the participant successfully disputed and eradicated his irrational and illogical fears of cholesterol medication and used it. In addition, the enlistment of his family members in the treatment program as onlookers further helped him to comply with the drug, exercise and diet regimens. Bad cholesterol was lowered and obesity downgraded to overweight. Maintenance of these gains during the follow-up phase suggested an increase in his self-efficacy for self-care. He was still vulnerable and at risk of developing heart disease and stroke.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82671913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Choudhary, Neelu Saluja, Seema Sharma, D. R. Gaur, S. Pandey
Research Question: To find out the extent and reasons of unmet need for Family Planing among rural women of reproductive age group and its association with some demogaphic factors. Objectives: (a) To estimate the magnitude of unmet need for family planing among women of reproductive age group. (b) To find out the association of socio-demographic factors with the unmet need for family planning and contraceptive users. (c) To explore common reasons for unmet need for family planning. Study Design: Community based cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary Health Training Centre (PHTC), Agroha (Hisar). Participants: Four hundred and eighty three willing women of reproductive age group. Materials and Methods: The primary tool in this study was predesigned and pretested questionnaire for recording of individual informations. Statistical analysis: Proportions & Univariate analysis (Chi Square test). Results : The extent of unmet need for family planning was 41.61%, of which 25.46% were limiters and 16.15% were spacers. Only 45.55% women were contraceptive users. Contraceptive use rate increased significantly X2(4, N = 483) = 11.00, p = .026 with the advancement of age. Limiters increased significantly X2(4, N = 201) = 15.67, p = .003 with advancement of age with proportionate decrease of spacers. Women’s education exert a powerful influence on unmet need X2(4, N = 483) = 14.56, p = .005. With increasing level of literacy, significant X2 (3, N = 201) = 28.59, p = <.001 increase in the prevalence of spacers with reciprocal decrease in the limiters were noticed. Neither the type of family nor the number of living children was significantly associated with the unmet need for family planning. However the prevalence of spacers had significantly decreased and limiters increased with increase in numbers of living children. The major reasons for unmet need were opposition from husband & family members (34.83%) and lack of information regarding the different methods of family planning (29.35%). Conclusions: Prevalence of unmet need was higher in more fertile age group (i.e.<30 years), therefore family planning program should focus more on this age group along with targetting illiterate people in rural areas.
研究问题:了解农村育龄妇女计划生育需求未满足的程度、原因及其与人口统计学因素的关系。目标:(a)估计育龄妇女计划生育需要未得到满足的程度。(b)查明社会人口因素与计划生育和避孕药具使用者未得到满足的需要之间的关系。(c)探讨计划生育需要未得到满足的共同原因。研究设计:基于社区的横断面研究。地点:格罗哈(希萨尔)初级保健培训中心。研究对象:育龄妇女483名。材料和方法:本研究的主要工具是预先设计和预先测试的问卷，用于记录个人信息。统计分析:比例和单变量分析(卡方检验)。结果:计划生育需求未满足程度为41.61%，其中限制因素占25.46%，间隔因素占16.15%。只有45.55%的妇女使用避孕措施。随着年龄的增长，避孕药具使用率显著增高X2(4, N = 483) = 11.00, p = 0.026。随着年龄的增长，限制因子X2(4, N = 201) = 15.67, p = 0.003显著增加，间隔因子成比例减少。女性受教育程度对未满足需求有较大影响X2(4, N = 483) = 14.56, p = 0.005。随着文化水平的提高，显著X2 (3, N = 201) = 28.59, p = <。注意到间隔物的患病率增加，限制物的患病率相应减少。家庭类型和在世子女的数目与未满足的计划生育需要没有显著的关系。然而，随着存活儿童数量的增加，间隔器的患病率显著降低，限制器的患病率增加。未满足需求的主要原因是丈夫和家庭成员的反对(34.83%)和缺乏对不同计划生育方法的了解(29.35%)。结论:在生育能力较强的年龄组(即<30岁)中，未满足需求的发生率较高，因此计划生育工作应更多地关注这一年龄组，同时针对农村地区的文盲人群。
{"title":"A Study On The Extent And Reasons Of Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Women Of Reproductive Age Group In Rural Area Of Haryana","authors":"S. Choudhary, Neelu Saluja, Seema Sharma, D. R. Gaur, S. Pandey","doi":"10.5580/1bc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1bc2","url":null,"abstract":"Research Question: To find out the extent and reasons of unmet need for Family Planing among rural women of reproductive age group and its association with some demogaphic factors. Objectives: (a) To estimate the magnitude of unmet need for family planing among women of reproductive age group. (b) To find out the association of socio-demographic factors with the unmet need for family planning and contraceptive users. (c) To explore common reasons for unmet need for family planning. Study Design: Community based cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary Health Training Centre (PHTC), Agroha (Hisar). Participants: Four hundred and eighty three willing women of reproductive age group. Materials and Methods: The primary tool in this study was predesigned and pretested questionnaire for recording of individual informations. Statistical analysis: Proportions & Univariate analysis (Chi Square test). Results : The extent of unmet need for family planning was 41.61%, of which 25.46% were limiters and 16.15% were spacers. Only 45.55% women were contraceptive users. Contraceptive use rate increased significantly X2(4, N = 483) = 11.00, p = .026 with the advancement of age. Limiters increased significantly X2(4, N = 201) = 15.67, p = .003 with advancement of age with proportionate decrease of spacers. Women’s education exert a powerful influence on unmet need X2(4, N = 483) = 14.56, p = .005. With increasing level of literacy, significant X2 (3, N = 201) = 28.59, p = <.001 increase in the prevalence of spacers with reciprocal decrease in the limiters were noticed. Neither the type of family nor the number of living children was significantly associated with the unmet need for family planning. However the prevalence of spacers had significantly decreased and limiters increased with increase in numbers of living children. The major reasons for unmet need were opposition from husband & family members (34.83%) and lack of information regarding the different methods of family planning (29.35%). Conclusions: Prevalence of unmet need was higher in more fertile age group (i.e.<30 years), therefore family planning program should focus more on this age group along with targetting illiterate people in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76759950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Seema, S. Neelu, C. Seema, Gaur Dr, P. Mani, Kalhan Meenakshi
Objective: 1. To study the prevalence of contraceptive utilization with its socio-demographic variables in a rural area of Haryana. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Agroha village Participants: 260 eligible couples Methodology: The minimum sample size to be covered was derived on the basis of current contraceptive prevalence rate of rural Haryana ie. 62% (as per National Family Health Survey III – 2005-06). For the purpose of the study, 260 eligible couples were selected by simple random sampling. Complete data was collected in a pre-designed, pre-tested quesionnaire. Statistical Analysis: The data collected were analyzed by using percentages and chi-square test. Result: Out of 260 couples selected for the study, 10 couples were non willing. Out of 250 eligible couples, 59.2% were current users of contraception (terminal methods users 46% & spacing method users 13.2%). Contraceptive prevalence increased significantly (p <0.001) with increasing age and also with the literacy status of the women ( 38.5% in illiterate women to 65.0% in women educated to high school & above). Caste-wise, the highest current contraceptive prevalence was found among the Other castes (74.6%) followed by OBCs (46.5%) and SCs (46.0%)(p < 0.001). Current contraceptive prevalence among women of nuclear families was higher (87.0%) than women in joint families (40.7%) & the difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Current contraceptive prevalence was found to decrease with the increase of socio-economic status as the prevalence was 72.6% in class V (Lower Class) and progressively declined to 47.6% in the class I (Upper Class) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Preference of terminal sterilization methods over spacing methods observed in the present study as a family planning approach needs special attention and there is a need to shift women centric approach to couple centric approach for family planning. Extensive mass awareness campaign at regional level about types, advantages, availability and use of spacing methods is required and locally field workers need to apply Behavior Change Communication (BCC) methods to motivate the couples to accept the spacing methods for better maternal and child health.
{"title":"Epidemiological Correlates of Contraceptive Prevalence in Rural Area of Haryana","authors":"S. Seema, S. Neelu, C. Seema, Gaur Dr, P. Mani, Kalhan Meenakshi","doi":"10.5580/1ff7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1ff7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: 1. To study the prevalence of contraceptive utilization with its socio-demographic variables in a rural area of Haryana. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Agroha village Participants: 260 eligible couples Methodology: The minimum sample size to be covered was derived on the basis of current contraceptive prevalence rate of rural Haryana ie. 62% (as per National Family Health Survey III – 2005-06). For the purpose of the study, 260 eligible couples were selected by simple random sampling. Complete data was collected in a pre-designed, pre-tested quesionnaire. Statistical Analysis: The data collected were analyzed by using percentages and chi-square test. Result: Out of 260 couples selected for the study, 10 couples were non willing. Out of 250 eligible couples, 59.2% were current users of contraception (terminal methods users 46% & spacing method users 13.2%). Contraceptive prevalence increased significantly (p <0.001) with increasing age and also with the literacy status of the women ( 38.5% in illiterate women to 65.0% in women educated to high school & above). Caste-wise, the highest current contraceptive prevalence was found among the Other castes (74.6%) followed by OBCs (46.5%) and SCs (46.0%)(p < 0.001). Current contraceptive prevalence among women of nuclear families was higher (87.0%) than women in joint families (40.7%) & the difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Current contraceptive prevalence was found to decrease with the increase of socio-economic status as the prevalence was 72.6% in class V (Lower Class) and progressively declined to 47.6% in the class I (Upper Class) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Preference of terminal sterilization methods over spacing methods observed in the present study as a family planning approach needs special attention and there is a need to shift women centric approach to couple centric approach for family planning. Extensive mass awareness campaign at regional level about types, advantages, availability and use of spacing methods is required and locally field workers need to apply Behavior Change Communication (BCC) methods to motivate the couples to accept the spacing methods for better maternal and child health.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72702544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：