The late 1960s saw transformational changes in economic relations between the United States and Canada. These were partly driven by the election of new leadership in both countries, and partly by the increasing political voice of Quebec within Canada. The border state of New York was uniquely positioned to experience economic consequences as successive trade agreements took hold. Yet both nations, especially Canada, first had to address long-standing economic concerns and traditions that had historically created major impediments to the concept of a more open trade and investment climate. Northern New York, in particular, found itself to be one of the chief beneficiaries, as comprehensive trade agreements were eventually passed in 1988, 1994, and 2020. This occurred despite the fact that this relatively isolated region, although very close to the United States' historical manufacturing belt, had always been considered somewhat unsuitable for economic development.
{"title":"The Economic Effects of Canadian - US Integration on a Border Region in the United States: Reflections from Northern New York","authors":"Prem Gandhi, Neal E. Duffy","doi":"10.30845/AIJCR.V10N4P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/AIJCR.V10N4P1","url":null,"abstract":"The late 1960s saw transformational changes in economic relations between the United States and Canada. These were partly driven by the election of new leadership in both countries, and partly by the increasing political voice of Quebec within Canada. The border state of New York was uniquely positioned to experience economic consequences as successive trade agreements took hold. Yet both nations, especially Canada, first had to address long-standing economic concerns and traditions that had historically created major impediments to the concept of a more open trade and investment climate. Northern New York, in particular, found itself to be one of the chief beneficiaries, as comprehensive trade agreements were eventually passed in 1988, 1994, and 2020. This occurred despite the fact that this relatively isolated region, although very close to the United States' historical manufacturing belt, had always been considered somewhat unsuitable for economic development.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87483593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who Are We Now? Organizational Identity and Generational Change in a Community College","authors":"R. Ramos, S. Aguilar, Erick Aguilar","doi":"10.30845/AIJCR.V9N1P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/AIJCR.V9N1P1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87167554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to develop a better understanding about how some factors have shaped some cultural dimensions of Saudi Arabia. Concerning the dearth of the literature written in English about this topic, this article will contribute by filling this gap in the literature. This article shows that there five main factors have played a big role in shaping many aspects of Saudi culture. These factors include religious, politics, economic, social and educational factors.
{"title":"Factors Contributing to Some Cultural Dimensions of Saudi Arabia","authors":"N. Alsulami","doi":"10.30845/aijcr.v9n4p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v9n4p4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to develop a better understanding about how some factors have shaped some cultural dimensions of Saudi Arabia. Concerning the dearth of the literature written in English about this topic, this article will contribute by filling this gap in the literature. This article shows that there five main factors have played a big role in shaping many aspects of Saudi culture. These factors include religious, politics, economic, social and educational factors.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83625634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The notable increase in academic success among youth from a single parent, African American families, has occurred in the shadow of years of oppression, historical trauma, and differential treatment related to race, gender and income. Research on resilience has consistently shown that low levels of income and single parenting are two potent risk factors that tend to have adverse impacts on families and children. This study focus on the manifestation of resilience in children who live in homes that are headed by African American mothers. The purpose of this study is to delineate the factors that influence resilience and academic achievement of African American youth that live in African American, female-headed, single parent, households. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by increasing understanding regarding the life experiences of female single parents and their children. Subsequently, educators, school administrators, and policymakers can be better informed to assist children of single parents in having the opportunity to succeed academically and become contributing members of society. Additionally, understanding how certain individuals overcome adversity and challenges will lead to the development of successful interventions, policies, and practices for others facing similar challenges. Each year thousands of students leave school without graduating, and this problem is exacerbated in the African American community.
{"title":"Resilience in African American Single-Parent Households: Perceptions of Predictors for Academic Success","authors":"J. Carvalho, B. Spears","doi":"10.30845/aijcr.v9n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v9n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"The notable increase in academic success among youth from a single parent, African American families, has occurred in the shadow of years of oppression, historical trauma, and differential treatment related to race, gender and income. Research on resilience has consistently shown that low levels of income and single parenting are two potent risk factors that tend to have adverse impacts on families and children. This study focus on the manifestation of resilience in children who live in homes that are headed by African American mothers. The purpose of this study is to delineate the factors that influence resilience and academic achievement of African American youth that live in African American, female-headed, single parent, households. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by increasing understanding regarding the life experiences of female single parents and their children. Subsequently, educators, school administrators, and policymakers can be better informed to assist children of single parents in having the opportunity to succeed academically and become contributing members of society. Additionally, understanding how certain individuals overcome adversity and challenges will lead to the development of successful interventions, policies, and practices for others facing similar challenges. Each year thousands of students leave school without graduating, and this problem is exacerbated in the African American community.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"458 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83027800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over last years, responsibility and sustainability issues have become a corporate asset able to enhance firms’ market value and, at the same time, meeting stakeholders’ needs. The additional information in regards to corporate social and environmental commitment has been disclosed on listed markets, implying a lower asymmetry between investors and firms. As a consequence, investments uncertainty has been decreasing through this non financial information which has made investors’ capital allocation more responsible. This paper investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility and sustainability on investors’ risk perception according to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) paradigm. We focused on a double risk measurement systematic and idiosyncratic developing an empirical study on 77 companies listed on Standard & Poor’s index and belonging to “Consumer Discretionary” industry cluster. Empirical findings highlight that an overall ESG assessment affects positively investors’ risk perception, although in some cases this effect is partially balanced by the single assessments Environmental, Social, and Governance.
在过去的几年里，责任和可持续性问题已经成为一种企业资产，能够提高公司的市场价值，同时满足利益相关者的需求。有关企业社会和环境承诺的额外信息已在上市市场上披露，这意味着投资者与企业之间的不对称程度较低。因此，通过这些非财务信息降低了投资的不确定性，使投资者的资本配置更加负责任。本文基于环境、社会与治理(Environmental, social, and Governance, ESG)范式，研究了企业社会责任和可持续性对投资者风险感知的影响。本文对77家标准普尔指数成分股“非必需消费品”产业集群的企业进行了系统性和特质性的双风险度量实证研究。实证研究结果强调，整体ESG评估对投资者的风险感知有积极影响，尽管在某些情况下，这种影响被环境、社会和治理的单一评估部分抵消。
{"title":"Corporate Sustainability Assessment and Risk Perception: Empirical Evidences from Standard & Poor’s Index","authors":"Mauro Sciarelli, C. Landi, Lorenzo Mario Tani","doi":"10.30845/AIJCR.V9N1P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/AIJCR.V9N1P2","url":null,"abstract":"Over last years, responsibility and sustainability issues have become a corporate asset able to enhance firms’ market value and, at the same time, meeting stakeholders’ needs. The additional information in regards to corporate social and environmental commitment has been disclosed on listed markets, implying a lower asymmetry between investors and firms. As a consequence, investments uncertainty has been decreasing through this non financial information which has made investors’ capital allocation more responsible. This paper investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility and sustainability on investors’ risk perception according to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) paradigm. We focused on a double risk measurement systematic and idiosyncratic developing an empirical study on 77 companies listed on Standard & Poor’s index and belonging to “Consumer Discretionary” industry cluster. Empirical findings highlight that an overall ESG assessment affects positively investors’ risk perception, although in some cases this effect is partially balanced by the single assessments Environmental, Social, and Governance.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86138923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of the U.S. Military Assistance on the Political Stability in Jordan: 1990-2018","authors":"Atallah S. Al Sarhan","doi":"10.30845/aijcr.v9n3p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v9n3p3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89806170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of Forensic Audit on Bank Fraud in Nigeria. The unprecedented increase in cases of bank frauds in Nigeria has made the application of forensic audit an indispensable tool in the audit cycle. Forensic audit skills are contemporary and diagnostic audit tools that help in the detection, prevention and reduction of frauds. Forensic audit skills give not only greater and current insight into the banks’ internal control measures and risk management techniques but also made available the technical capability for the detection, prevention and reduction of frauds. This study therefore examines the effect of Forensic Audit on Bank Fraud in Nigeria. The survey design was employed and the sample of the study was 128 out of a population of 165. The data were analyzed using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression model. The findings show that forensic audit helps in an enhanced bank fraud detection and prevention. Furthermore, the results show that forensic audit is not just an effective tool but also an efficient tool for the detection, prevention and reduction of bank fraud in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that forensic audit should be highly embraced by specialized institutions like bank and insurance companies to ensure that fraud cases are speedily detected and adequately prevented. Also, a separate body should be constitutionally established and mandated for the training and retraining of forensic auditors. It is also recommended that our institutions of higher learning, apart from teaching forensic accounting and auditing, should have standard forensic audit laboratories with the tools for practical study.
{"title":"Effect of Forensic Audit on Bank Fraud in Nigeria","authors":"S. J. Inyada, D. Olopade, J. Ugbede","doi":"10.30845/aijcr.v9n2p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v9n2p5","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of Forensic Audit on Bank Fraud in Nigeria. The unprecedented increase in cases of bank frauds in Nigeria has made the application of forensic audit an indispensable tool in the audit cycle. Forensic audit skills are contemporary and diagnostic audit tools that help in the detection, prevention and reduction of frauds. Forensic audit skills give not only greater and current insight into the banks’ internal control measures and risk management techniques but also made available the technical capability for the detection, prevention and reduction of frauds. This study therefore examines the effect of Forensic Audit on Bank Fraud in Nigeria. The survey design was employed and the sample of the study was 128 out of a population of 165. The data were analyzed using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression model. The findings show that forensic audit helps in an enhanced bank fraud detection and prevention. Furthermore, the results show that forensic audit is not just an effective tool but also an efficient tool for the detection, prevention and reduction of bank fraud in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that forensic audit should be highly embraced by specialized institutions like bank and insurance companies to ensure that fraud cases are speedily detected and adequately prevented. Also, a separate body should be constitutionally established and mandated for the training and retraining of forensic auditors. It is also recommended that our institutions of higher learning, apart from teaching forensic accounting and auditing, should have standard forensic audit laboratories with the tools for practical study.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87815261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudio T. Silva, A. P. Ferreira, A. Costa, Lucas Gonçalves Araujo
Traditionally, the aerodynamic design of a wind turbine blade depends on the choice of one or more airfoils to be used along its span. The experience and ability of the designer is necessary at this phase of the design processes. The method developed in this paper intends to mitigate this need. A genetic algorithm is specially designed to determinate the aerodynamic design parameters of the blades and the selection of the airfoils. This first approach uses thin airfoil theory. The Blade Element Momentum Method is used as fitness function for the evaluation of each individual’s power coefficient within the domain considered by the genetic algorithm. The study case of this paper achieved good results, reaching power coefficients greater than 55%, figure close to the theoretical limit of 59% defined by the conservation of linear momentum theory.
{"title":"Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamic Design and Optimization","authors":"Claudio T. Silva, A. P. Ferreira, A. Costa, Lucas Gonçalves Araujo","doi":"10.30845/aijcr.v9n4p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v9n4p2","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the aerodynamic design of a wind turbine blade depends on the choice of one or more airfoils to be used along its span. The experience and ability of the designer is necessary at this phase of the design processes. The method developed in this paper intends to mitigate this need. A genetic algorithm is specially designed to determinate the aerodynamic design parameters of the blades and the selection of the airfoils. This first approach uses thin airfoil theory. The Blade Element Momentum Method is used as fitness function for the evaluation of each individual’s power coefficient within the domain considered by the genetic algorithm. The study case of this paper achieved good results, reaching power coefficients greater than 55%, figure close to the theoretical limit of 59% defined by the conservation of linear momentum theory.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74238852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of the right to development is a recent phenomenon and relatively a new addition to the family of human rights. It is a radical approach that measures development of nation-states using the indices of human rights as opposed to the traditional parameters of gross domestic product and per capita income. The development and implementation of the concept has been mired by controversies and there is wide spread skepticism about whether the right has attained the definitive status of law under the contemporary international law.This paper examines critically the concept, its development, its essential components and the challenges of its implementation.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Right to Development in the Contemporary International Law","authors":"Benson Olukayode Omoleye, O. O. Ogunkorode","doi":"10.30845/AIJCR.V9N2P6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/AIJCR.V9N2P6","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the right to development is a recent phenomenon and relatively a new addition to the family of human rights. It is a radical approach that measures development of nation-states using the indices of human rights as opposed to the traditional parameters of gross domestic product and per capita income. The development and implementation of the concept has been mired by controversies and there is wide spread skepticism about whether the right has attained the definitive status of law under the contemporary international law.This paper examines critically the concept, its development, its essential components and the challenges of its implementation.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80927231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cooperative movement in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th century emerges as a unique socio-cultural phenomenon that had economic, cultural enlightenment and educational importance. It provides an original model of modernisation development, demonstrating, vividly and explicitly, the complexity and multidimensional nature of Russia’s modernisation process. Cooperation was of enormous educational importance, reforming Russian people’s way of life and cultivating spiritual values. Practical implications of inquiry into the role and experience of the Russian cooperation lie in opportunities offered for contemplation of Russia’s cultural self-identification issues, current economic objectives and public life, both at a regional level and countrywide.
{"title":"Solidary Economy. Cooperative Modernization of Russia (1907-1914)","authors":"Lubkov Alexey Vladimirovich","doi":"10.30845/aijcr.v9n2p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v9n2p2","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative movement in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th century emerges as a unique socio-cultural phenomenon that had economic, cultural enlightenment and educational importance. It provides an original model of modernisation development, demonstrating, vividly and explicitly, the complexity and multidimensional nature of Russia’s modernisation process. Cooperation was of enormous educational importance, reforming Russian people’s way of life and cultivating spiritual values. Practical implications of inquiry into the role and experience of the Russian cooperation lie in opportunities offered for contemplation of Russia’s cultural self-identification issues, current economic objectives and public life, both at a regional level and countrywide.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81836097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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