Mehrnoosh Mohammadi Kamalvandi, Nahid Mamizadeh, E. Shafiei, Farshad Taherpour, J. Mohammadi
Background: Vesicoureteral reflux is a common urinary tract abnormality, which could damage the renal parenchyma. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its association with the severity of urinary reflux and renal scarring with reflux nephropathy in children aged less than 12 years referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted during one year on the hospitalized patients who had tested positive for urine and urine culture. After the treatment of urinary tract infection and obtaining a negative urine culture, isotope cystography or radiographic cystography was performed to diagnose urinary reflux. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and correlation-coefficients. Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in Ilam province was 35.7%. No significant difference was observed between the rates of microalbuminuria and reflux (P > 0.05). However, the inverse correlation in this regard was not considered significant (P > 0.05). A direct correlation was observed between the rate of microalbuminuria and the incidence and severity of scars, which was considered significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, the mean rate of microalbuminuria in reflux decreased with the increased degree of reflux. Due to the changes in microalbuminuria compared to the severity of urinary reflux, this method cannot be used to determine the severity of reflux, which it could be considered an influential factor and a method used for the early diagnosis and follow-up of patients and preventing final kidney damage and renal failure.
背景:膀胱输尿管反流是一种常见的尿路异常，可损害肾实质。本研究旨在调查在伊朗伊玛目霍梅尼医院就诊的12岁以下儿童中微量白蛋白尿的患病率及其与尿反流和肾瘢痕形成伴反流肾病的严重程度的关系。方法:对尿培养阳性的住院患者进行为期一年的纵向研究。在治疗尿路感染并获得尿培养阴性后，进行同位素膀胱造影或放射膀胱造影诊断尿反流。使用SPSS version 20进行数据分析，采用描述性统计、卡方和相关系数。结果:伊拉姆省微量白蛋白尿患病率为35.7%。微量白蛋白尿率与反流率无显著差异(P > 0.05)。然而，这方面的负相关并不显著(P > 0.05)。微量白蛋白尿的发生率与疤痕的发生率和严重程度有直接的相关性(P < 0.05)。结论:反流中微量白蛋白尿的平均发生率随反流程度的增加而降低。由于微量白蛋白尿相对于尿反流严重程度的变化，该方法不能确定尿反流严重程度，但反流严重程度是一个影响因素，可作为患者早期诊断和随访，预防最终肾损害和肾功能衰竭的一种方法。
{"title":"Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and Its Association with Severe Urinary Reflux and Renal Scarring with Reflux Nephropathy in Children Aged Less than 12 Years in Ilam, Iran","authors":"Mehrnoosh Mohammadi Kamalvandi, Nahid Mamizadeh, E. Shafiei, Farshad Taherpour, J. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5812/jkums-120245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-120245","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vesicoureteral reflux is a common urinary tract abnormality, which could damage the renal parenchyma. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its association with the severity of urinary reflux and renal scarring with reflux nephropathy in children aged less than 12 years referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted during one year on the hospitalized patients who had tested positive for urine and urine culture. After the treatment of urinary tract infection and obtaining a negative urine culture, isotope cystography or radiographic cystography was performed to diagnose urinary reflux. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and correlation-coefficients. Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in Ilam province was 35.7%. No significant difference was observed between the rates of microalbuminuria and reflux (P > 0.05). However, the inverse correlation in this regard was not considered significant (P > 0.05). A direct correlation was observed between the rate of microalbuminuria and the incidence and severity of scars, which was considered significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, the mean rate of microalbuminuria in reflux decreased with the increased degree of reflux. Due to the changes in microalbuminuria compared to the severity of urinary reflux, this method cannot be used to determine the severity of reflux, which it could be considered an influential factor and a method used for the early diagnosis and follow-up of patients and preventing final kidney damage and renal failure.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75586327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ghanbari, Roghieh Nooripour, F. Heydari, Hossein Ilanloo, T. Ronzani, Carl Chip Lavie, K. Kakabraee
Background: The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is widely used as an evaluation tool for mindfulness. Objectives: The present study aimed to validate the Persian version of the MAAS in Iranian substance abusers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran during April 2017-December 2018 on 753 male Iranian substance abusers. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of the MAAS, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the General Self-efficacy Scale, the Aggression Scale, and the Quality of Mindfulness Scale. The study had two stages of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22, and a single-factor structure was employed to analyze the internal consistency of the MAAS in LISREL version 8.8. Results: The CFA results indicated that the single-factor model had a good fit to the data. In addition, negative correlations were observed between the MAAS, DASS-21, and aggression, while a positive correlation was denoted with self-efficacy (P < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results, the Persian version of the MAAS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the mindfulness of Iranian substance abusers. Our findings shed light on a new direction for future focus and exploration in this regard.
背景:正念注意意识量表(MAAS)作为一种正念评估工具被广泛使用。目的:本研究旨在验证伊朗药物滥用者的波斯语版本的MAAS。方法:这项描述性分析的横断面研究于2017年4月至2018年12月在德黑兰对753名伊朗男性药物滥用者进行。使用人口统计问卷、波斯语版MAAS、抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21 (DASS-21)、一般自我效能量表、攻击量表和正念质量量表收集数据。本研究分为探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析两个阶段。数据分析采用SPSS version 22，采用单因素结构分析LISREL version 8.8中MAAS的内部一致性。结果:CFA结果表明单因素模型与数据拟合良好。此外，MAAS、das -21与攻击性呈负相关，与自我效能感呈正相关(P < 0.01)。结论:根据结果，波斯语版的MAAS是评估伊朗药物滥用者正念的有效和可靠的工具。我们的研究结果为这方面的未来重点和探索指明了新的方向。
{"title":"Persian Validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in Iranian Substance Abusers: Validity and Reliability","authors":"N. Ghanbari, Roghieh Nooripour, F. Heydari, Hossein Ilanloo, T. Ronzani, Carl Chip Lavie, K. Kakabraee","doi":"10.5812/jkums.121711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.121711","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is widely used as an evaluation tool for mindfulness. Objectives: The present study aimed to validate the Persian version of the MAAS in Iranian substance abusers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran during April 2017-December 2018 on 753 male Iranian substance abusers. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of the MAAS, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the General Self-efficacy Scale, the Aggression Scale, and the Quality of Mindfulness Scale. The study had two stages of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22, and a single-factor structure was employed to analyze the internal consistency of the MAAS in LISREL version 8.8. Results: The CFA results indicated that the single-factor model had a good fit to the data. In addition, negative correlations were observed between the MAAS, DASS-21, and aggression, while a positive correlation was denoted with self-efficacy (P < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results, the Persian version of the MAAS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the mindfulness of Iranian substance abusers. Our findings shed light on a new direction for future focus and exploration in this regard.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78385292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Induced Research: A New Challenge in the Field of Research in Developing Countries","authors":"M. Amiresmaili, Khalil Kalavani","doi":"10.5812/jkums.121954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.121954","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89560799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Afsharian, Leila Hamzelo, A. Janbakhsh, F. Mansouri, B. Sayad, S. Vaziri, M. Azizi, M. Zamanian, M. Noori
Context: Infections are a major cause of disease and mortality in transplant recipients. Despite the studies conducted in Iran, no comprehensive and general research is available in this area. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of infectious agents in patients after bone marrow transplantation in Iran. Method: In this systematic review, relevant studies were selected based on type and objective, and data were collected from the articles published in Iran regarding the frequency of infectious agents after bone marrow transplantation in different regions of Iran. The studies were collected using systematic search methods. Results: In total, 11 studies were identified regarding infectious agents after bone marrow transplantation. Six studies were conducted in Tehran, three studies were performed in Shiraz, and Mashhad and Semnan provinces were the locations of two separate studies. Most of the case studies identified viral agents (54.5%; n = 6), followed by fungal infectious agents (27.3%; n = 3) and bacterial agents (18.2%; n = 2). Gram-positive bacteria (bacterial agents), cytomegalovirus (viral agents), and Candida and Aspergillus (fungi) had the highest frequency after bone marrow transplantation. Conclusions: According to the results, viral, fungal, and bacterial infectious agents were respectively most frequent in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Gram-positive bacteria (bacterial agents), cytomegalovirus (viral agents), and Candida and Aspergillus (fungi) had the highest frequency after bone marrow transplantation.
{"title":"Frequency of Infectious Agents after Bone Marrow Transplantation in Various Regions of Iran (2001 - 2017): A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Afsharian, Leila Hamzelo, A. Janbakhsh, F. Mansouri, B. Sayad, S. Vaziri, M. Azizi, M. Zamanian, M. Noori","doi":"10.5812/jkums.114622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.114622","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Infections are a major cause of disease and mortality in transplant recipients. Despite the studies conducted in Iran, no comprehensive and general research is available in this area. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of infectious agents in patients after bone marrow transplantation in Iran. Method: In this systematic review, relevant studies were selected based on type and objective, and data were collected from the articles published in Iran regarding the frequency of infectious agents after bone marrow transplantation in different regions of Iran. The studies were collected using systematic search methods. Results: In total, 11 studies were identified regarding infectious agents after bone marrow transplantation. Six studies were conducted in Tehran, three studies were performed in Shiraz, and Mashhad and Semnan provinces were the locations of two separate studies. Most of the case studies identified viral agents (54.5%; n = 6), followed by fungal infectious agents (27.3%; n = 3) and bacterial agents (18.2%; n = 2). Gram-positive bacteria (bacterial agents), cytomegalovirus (viral agents), and Candida and Aspergillus (fungi) had the highest frequency after bone marrow transplantation. Conclusions: According to the results, viral, fungal, and bacterial infectious agents were respectively most frequent in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Gram-positive bacteria (bacterial agents), cytomegalovirus (viral agents), and Candida and Aspergillus (fungi) had the highest frequency after bone marrow transplantation.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84669610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahil Bahadori, P. Ehteshamzadeh, Zahra Eftekhar Saadi, R. Pasha
Background: Complications of multiple sclerosis (MS) severely impact self-image and have debilitative effects on the adversity quotient. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the choice theory and behavioral activation therapies with and without guided imagery rescripting on the adversity quotient and cognitive emotion regulation of MS patients in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The sample population included the male and female MS patients visiting the Caspian Physiotherapy Center of Ahvaz, Iran in 2019. In total, 60 MS patients were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group (15 per each). Data were collected using the Adversity Response Profile Questionnaire (ARPQ) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Data analysis was performed using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: A significant difference was observed between the effects of the choice theory (CT) and behavioral activation (BA) therapies with and without guided imagery rescripting (ImRs) on the improvement of the adversity quotient (AQ) and positive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) of the MS patients, as well as the reduction of negative CER (P < 0.001). Compared to the CT and BA therapies without guided ImRs, the BA therapy with guided ImRs more effectively enhanced the AQ and positive CER of the MS patients and decreased their negative CER (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, BA with ImRs is a more effective method for enhancing the AQ and positive CER of MS patients and mitigating their negative CER compared to other approaches.
{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of the Choice Theory and Behavioral Activation Therapies with and without Guided Imagery Rescripting on the Adversity Quotient and Cognitive Emotion Regulation of MS Patients in Ahvaz, Iran","authors":"Rahil Bahadori, P. Ehteshamzadeh, Zahra Eftekhar Saadi, R. Pasha","doi":"10.5812/jkums.118428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.118428","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Complications of multiple sclerosis (MS) severely impact self-image and have debilitative effects on the adversity quotient. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the choice theory and behavioral activation therapies with and without guided imagery rescripting on the adversity quotient and cognitive emotion regulation of MS patients in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The sample population included the male and female MS patients visiting the Caspian Physiotherapy Center of Ahvaz, Iran in 2019. In total, 60 MS patients were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group (15 per each). Data were collected using the Adversity Response Profile Questionnaire (ARPQ) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Data analysis was performed using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: A significant difference was observed between the effects of the choice theory (CT) and behavioral activation (BA) therapies with and without guided imagery rescripting (ImRs) on the improvement of the adversity quotient (AQ) and positive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) of the MS patients, as well as the reduction of negative CER (P < 0.001). Compared to the CT and BA therapies without guided ImRs, the BA therapy with guided ImRs more effectively enhanced the AQ and positive CER of the MS patients and decreased their negative CER (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, BA with ImRs is a more effective method for enhancing the AQ and positive CER of MS patients and mitigating their negative CER compared to other approaches.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88521346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Janbakhsh, Zahra Naghibifar, Sodabeh Eskandari, Zeinab Mohseniafshar, M. Zamanian
Background: Excessive use of antibiotics has led to drug resistance. As such, stewardship programs are implemented to control antibiotic use in hospitalized patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of antibiotic use after the implementation of the stewardship program. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran during 2017 - 2018. The required data were extracted from the pharmaceutical ward of the hospital. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: The median per capita numerical and Rial consumption of caspofungin and linezolid antibiotics increased after the implementation of the stewardship plan, while the consumption of imipenem, amphotericin, teicoplanin, colistin, meropenem, voriconazole, and vancomycin was observed to decrease. In addition, the median per capita of the numerical use of caspofungin and linezolid increased in the surgery ward, intensive care unit (ICU), and internal medicine ward after the implementation of the stewardship plan. On the other hand, a reduction was observed in the use of amphotericin, colistin, voriconazole, and vancomycin in only one ward. The use of meropenem and teicoplanin also increased in the surgery ward and decreased in the other wards, while the use of imipenem increased in the ICU after implementing the plan and decreased in the other wards. The median use of antibiotics was not considered significant in the internal medicine ward, surgery ward, and ICU before and after implementing the stewardship program (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, antibiotic use slightly decreased after the implementation of the stewardship program. However, an increase was also observed in antibiotic prescription in some cases, which indicated that the stewardship program was not implemented properly, and no changes occurred in antibiotics prescription.
背景:抗生素的过度使用已导致耐药性。因此，实施管理方案以控制住院患者的抗生素使用。目的:本研究旨在评估管理计划实施后的抗生素使用频率。方法:回顾性研究2017 - 2018年在伊朗克尔曼沙阿伊玛目礼萨医院住院的患者。所需要的数据是从医院的药学病房提取的。数据分析采用SPSS version 24进行。结果:实施管理计划后，卡泊芬净和利奈唑胺类抗生素的人均用量中位数和使用量均有所增加，亚胺培南、两性霉素、替柯planin、粘菌素、美罗培南、伏立康唑、万古霉素的人均用量中位数和使用量均有所减少。此外，实施管理计划后，外科病房、重症监护病房(ICU)和内科病房的人均使用量中位数增加。另一方面，仅在一个病房中两性霉素、粘菌素、伏立康唑和万古霉素的使用减少。手术病房美罗培南和替柯planin的使用也增加，其他病房减少，而实施方案后ICU亚胺培南的使用增加，其他病房减少。实施管理方案前后内科病房、外科病房和ICU的抗生素使用中位数差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论:根据结果，抗生素的使用在实施管理计划后略有下降。然而，在某些情况下，抗生素处方也有所增加，这表明管理计划没有得到适当实施，抗生素处方没有发生变化。
{"title":"Comparison of the Logical Use of Parenteral Antibiotics Before and After the Implementation of the Stewardship Program","authors":"A. Janbakhsh, Zahra Naghibifar, Sodabeh Eskandari, Zeinab Mohseniafshar, M. Zamanian","doi":"10.5812/jkums.117832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.117832","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Excessive use of antibiotics has led to drug resistance. As such, stewardship programs are implemented to control antibiotic use in hospitalized patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of antibiotic use after the implementation of the stewardship program. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran during 2017 - 2018. The required data were extracted from the pharmaceutical ward of the hospital. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: The median per capita numerical and Rial consumption of caspofungin and linezolid antibiotics increased after the implementation of the stewardship plan, while the consumption of imipenem, amphotericin, teicoplanin, colistin, meropenem, voriconazole, and vancomycin was observed to decrease. In addition, the median per capita of the numerical use of caspofungin and linezolid increased in the surgery ward, intensive care unit (ICU), and internal medicine ward after the implementation of the stewardship plan. On the other hand, a reduction was observed in the use of amphotericin, colistin, voriconazole, and vancomycin in only one ward. The use of meropenem and teicoplanin also increased in the surgery ward and decreased in the other wards, while the use of imipenem increased in the ICU after implementing the plan and decreased in the other wards. The median use of antibiotics was not considered significant in the internal medicine ward, surgery ward, and ICU before and after implementing the stewardship program (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, antibiotic use slightly decreased after the implementation of the stewardship program. However, an increase was also observed in antibiotic prescription in some cases, which indicated that the stewardship program was not implemented properly, and no changes occurred in antibiotics prescription.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90395872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Persuasion is a method used to correct and modify the attitude and behaviors of community members to protect collective benefits, especially during crises. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors based on persuasion techniques in five countries. Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted on the population aged more than 18 years in Iran, Australia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada. The sample size determined by Morgan’s table was 498 individuals who were selected via convenience sampling in the spring of 2020. Data were collected online using a Demographic Questionnaire, a Persuasion Scale (2020), and the Questionnaire of Healthy Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 (2020). The inclusion criteria were the age of more than 18 years and basic literacy, and the exclusion criterion was incomplete questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using Pearson’s correlation-coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: A positive significant correlation was observed between persuasion techniques and healthy preventive behaviors for COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Among the components of persuasion, fear, interest in the messenger, frequency of the message, and reliability of the messenger could most significantly predict healthy behaviors (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, the mass media and authorities could enhance the effectiveness of their agenda by identifying the influential factors in the success of persuasion techniques. These findings could be beneficial to social psychiatrists, authorities, and the mass media.
背景:说服是一种纠正和改变社区成员的态度和行为以保护集体利益的方法，特别是在危机期间。目的:本研究旨在基于说服技术预测五个国家的COVID-19预防行为。方法:对伊朗、澳大利亚、英国、瑞典和加拿大的18岁以上人群进行描述性、相关性研究。摩根表确定的样本量为498人，这些人是在2020年春季通过方便抽样选出的。采用人口统计问卷、说服量表(2020)和COVID-19健康预防行为问卷(2020)在线收集数据。纳入标准为年龄≥18岁及基本文化水平，排除标准为问卷不完整。使用SPSS version 21进行数据分析，采用Pearson相关系数和多元回归分析。结果:劝导技巧与健康的COVID-19预防行为呈正相关(P < 0.001)。在说服的组成部分中，恐惧、对信使的兴趣、信息的频率和信使的可靠性可以最显著地预测健康行为(P < 0.001)。结论:根据结果，大众媒体和当局可以通过确定说服技巧成功的影响因素来提高其议程的有效性。这些发现可能对社会精神病学家、权威机构和大众媒体有益。
{"title":"Prediction of Self-care Behaviors in COVID-19 Prevention Based on Persuasion Techniques","authors":"Sima Eivazi, J. Karami","doi":"10.5812/jkums.119556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.119556","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Persuasion is a method used to correct and modify the attitude and behaviors of community members to protect collective benefits, especially during crises. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors based on persuasion techniques in five countries. Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted on the population aged more than 18 years in Iran, Australia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada. The sample size determined by Morgan’s table was 498 individuals who were selected via convenience sampling in the spring of 2020. Data were collected online using a Demographic Questionnaire, a Persuasion Scale (2020), and the Questionnaire of Healthy Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 (2020). The inclusion criteria were the age of more than 18 years and basic literacy, and the exclusion criterion was incomplete questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using Pearson’s correlation-coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: A positive significant correlation was observed between persuasion techniques and healthy preventive behaviors for COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Among the components of persuasion, fear, interest in the messenger, frequency of the message, and reliability of the messenger could most significantly predict healthy behaviors (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, the mass media and authorities could enhance the effectiveness of their agenda by identifying the influential factors in the success of persuasion techniques. These findings could be beneficial to social psychiatrists, authorities, and the mass media.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82008525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zamanian, Marya Shirvani, A. Janbakhsh, B. Sayad, S. Vaziri, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, R. Miladi, S. Khazaei, F. Mansouri, M. Afsharian, Mitra Tarlan
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes asymptomatic diseases. This bacterium could cause several disorders, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases. S. aureus could also develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolated S. aureus in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,228 patients with a positive S. aureus culture who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. In accordance with the CLSI protocol, bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the standard disk-diffusion method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the S. aureus-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (43.7%), blood samples (40.1%), and urine samples (23.9%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin, penicillin G, ofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin. With 93.3% and 81.8% sensitivity, vancomycin and teicoplanin were respectively the most effective antibiotics against S. aureus. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of resistant S. aureus strains could be due to the long-term hospitalization of patients and the overuse of antibiotics in infection treatment. Therefore, proper monitoring and development of effective infection control methods are essential in these healthcare settings.
背景:金黄色葡萄球菌是一种机会致病菌，常引起无症状的疾病。这种细菌可能导致多种疾病，从皮肤感染到危及生命的疾病。金黄色葡萄球菌还可能对多种抗生素产生耐药性。目的:本研究旨在调查伊朗克尔曼沙阿伊玛目礼萨医院分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的流行情况和抗生素耐药模式。方法:对2016 - 2018年伊玛目礼萨医院收治的2228例金黄色葡萄球菌培养阳性患者进行描述性横断面研究。按照CLSI方案，采用实验室试验分离细菌分离物，并采用标准的纸片扩散法评估抗生素敏感性。数据分析采用SPSS version 24进行。结果:大多数金黄色葡萄球菌阳性病例来自急诊病房(43.7%)、血样(40.1%)和尿样(23.9%)。耐药性最高的是红霉素、青霉素G、氧氟沙星、头孢西丁、克林霉素和哌拉西林。万古霉素和替柯planin对金黄色葡萄球菌的敏感性分别为93.3%和81.8%。结论:耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的流行可能与患者长期住院和感染治疗中抗生素的过度使用有关。因此，在这些卫生保健环境中，适当监测和开发有效的感染控制方法至关重要。
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2016 - 2018)","authors":"M. Zamanian, Marya Shirvani, A. Janbakhsh, B. Sayad, S. Vaziri, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, R. Miladi, S. Khazaei, F. Mansouri, M. Afsharian, Mitra Tarlan","doi":"10.5812/jkums.118807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.118807","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes asymptomatic diseases. This bacterium could cause several disorders, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases. S. aureus could also develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolated S. aureus in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,228 patients with a positive S. aureus culture who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. In accordance with the CLSI protocol, bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the standard disk-diffusion method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the S. aureus-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (43.7%), blood samples (40.1%), and urine samples (23.9%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin, penicillin G, ofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin. With 93.3% and 81.8% sensitivity, vancomycin and teicoplanin were respectively the most effective antibiotics against S. aureus. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of resistant S. aureus strains could be due to the long-term hospitalization of patients and the overuse of antibiotics in infection treatment. Therefore, proper monitoring and development of effective infection control methods are essential in these healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81537705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Self-harming behaviors are significantly associated with difficulty in emotion regulation. Attachment styles and childhood trauma increase the frequency and intensity of self-harming behaviors through disrupting emotion regulation. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation in the correlation between attachment styles and childhood trauma with self-harming behaviors in adolescents. Methods: The sample population included adolescents aged 15-18 years in Kermanshah, Iran in 2019. In total, 400 participants were selected via random sampling. Data were collected using instruments of difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), adult attachment questionnaire (AAQ), and childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the proposed model. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 23. Results: The proposed model had a good fit. Attachment styles with the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation (β = 0.174) and childhood trauma with the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation (β = 0.111) had an indirect, significant correlation with self-harming behaviors (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, attachment styles and childhood trauma affected self-harming behaviors through difficulties in emotion regulation. Therefore, their impact on self-harming behaviors could be reduced by improving emotion regulation in adolescents.
背景:自我伤害行为与情绪调节困难显著相关。依恋类型和童年创伤通过破坏情绪调节增加了自我伤害行为的频率和强度。目的:本研究旨在探讨情绪调节困难在依恋类型与青少年童年创伤自残行为相关性中的中介作用。方法:样本人群为2019年伊朗克尔曼沙阿地区15-18岁青少年。通过随机抽样，总共有400名参与者被选中。采用情绪调节困难量表(DERS)、成人依恋问卷(AAQ)和儿童创伤问卷(CTQ)进行数据收集。此外，利用结构方程模型(SEM)对所提出的模型进行了评价。数据分析采用SPSS version 24和AMOS version 23进行。结果:模型拟合良好。以情绪调节困难为中介的依恋类型(β = 0.174)和以情绪调节困难为中介的童年创伤(β = 0.111)与自我伤害行为存在间接显著相关(P < 0.05)。结论:依恋类型和童年创伤通过情绪调节困难影响自我伤害行为。因此，可以通过改善青少年的情绪调节来降低其对自我伤害行为的影响。
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in the Correlation Between Attachment Styles and Childhood Trauma With Self-Harming Behaviors in Adolescents","authors":"E. Ashrafi, J. Karami, Marziye Nasori","doi":"10.5812/jkums.119094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.119094","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Self-harming behaviors are significantly associated with difficulty in emotion regulation. Attachment styles and childhood trauma increase the frequency and intensity of self-harming behaviors through disrupting emotion regulation. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation in the correlation between attachment styles and childhood trauma with self-harming behaviors in adolescents. Methods: The sample population included adolescents aged 15-18 years in Kermanshah, Iran in 2019. In total, 400 participants were selected via random sampling. Data were collected using instruments of difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), adult attachment questionnaire (AAQ), and childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the proposed model. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 23. Results: The proposed model had a good fit. Attachment styles with the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation (β = 0.174) and childhood trauma with the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation (β = 0.111) had an indirect, significant correlation with self-harming behaviors (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, attachment styles and childhood trauma affected self-harming behaviors through difficulties in emotion regulation. Therefore, their impact on self-harming behaviors could be reduced by improving emotion regulation in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90558480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Due to the changing nature of the spread of emerging infectious diseases, such crises could cause significant fear, especially when the disease is associated with high mortality. Fear and anxiety adversely affect health. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the fear and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in the Iranian society and the influential factors in this regard. Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 458 participants who were recruited for an online survey. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire of COVID-19 fear and Beck's anxiety inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 23 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including t-test and multiple comparisons. Results: The prevalence of fear and anxiety was less than 20%. The correlations between the anxiety scores and fear of COVID-19 with demographic variables indicated that the COVID-19 fear scores had a weak correlation with an appeal to religion and efforts to prevent COVID-19 (P ≤ 0.05), while no correlation was observed with the other variables. In addition, the anxiety scores had weak, inverse correlations with the effort to prevent COVID-19 and satisfaction with the government’s effort (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, the fear of COVID-19 and the subsequent anxiety is mild in the Iranian society. Low anxiety and fear caused by the disease could lead to negligence and disregarding health standards, which will increase the number of these patients in the community.
背景:由于新出现的传染病传播的性质不断变化，这种危机可能引起极大的恐惧，特别是当这种疾病与高死亡率有关时。恐惧和焦虑对健康有不利影响。目的:本研究旨在调查新冠肺炎在伊朗社会引起的恐惧和焦虑及其影响因素。方法:对458名在线调查对象进行相关研究。数据收集采用研究人员编制的COVID-19恐惧问卷和贝克焦虑量表。使用SPSS version 23进行数据分析，采用描述性统计(频率、百分比、均值、标准差)和推理统计，包括t检验和多重比较。结果:恐惧和焦虑的患病率低于20%。焦虑得分与新冠病毒恐惧与人口学变量的相关性显示，新冠病毒恐惧得分与宗教诉求和预防新冠病毒的努力呈弱相关(P≤0.05)，与其他变量无相关性。此外，焦虑得分与预防新冠肺炎的努力程度和对政府工作的满意度呈弱负相关(P≤0.05)。结论:根据研究结果，伊朗社会对新冠肺炎的恐惧和随后的焦虑是轻微的。这种疾病引起的低焦虑和恐惧可能导致疏忽和无视卫生标准，这将增加社区中这类患者的数量。
{"title":"Fear and Anxiety Caused by COVID-19 in the Iranian Society and the Influential Factors","authors":"H. Bashiri, F. Dehghan, R. Jalali","doi":"10.5812/jkums.119855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.119855","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the changing nature of the spread of emerging infectious diseases, such crises could cause significant fear, especially when the disease is associated with high mortality. Fear and anxiety adversely affect health. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the fear and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in the Iranian society and the influential factors in this regard. Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 458 participants who were recruited for an online survey. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire of COVID-19 fear and Beck's anxiety inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 23 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including t-test and multiple comparisons. Results: The prevalence of fear and anxiety was less than 20%. The correlations between the anxiety scores and fear of COVID-19 with demographic variables indicated that the COVID-19 fear scores had a weak correlation with an appeal to religion and efforts to prevent COVID-19 (P ≤ 0.05), while no correlation was observed with the other variables. In addition, the anxiety scores had weak, inverse correlations with the effort to prevent COVID-19 and satisfaction with the government’s effort (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, the fear of COVID-19 and the subsequent anxiety is mild in the Iranian society. Low anxiety and fear caused by the disease could lead to negligence and disregarding health standards, which will increase the number of these patients in the community.","PeriodicalId":16201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87423497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：