Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献_第5页

Preface of special issue: Recent advances in cancer biosensors & diagnostics 特刊前言：癌症生物传感器与诊断的最新进展

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100694

Ahu Arslan Yildiz , Onur Parlak , Arzum Erdem Gürsan

引用次数: 0

Flexible gold nanoparticle SERS tape for rapid, label-free and ultrasensitive detection and differentiation of Shiga toxin variants 柔性金纳米粒子SERS胶带用于快速，无标记和超灵敏的志贺毒素变异检测和分化

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100696

A. D'Avino , A. Milano , V. Marchesano , B. Guilcapi , D. Sagnelli , M. Rippa , L. Zhou , G. Rossi , L. Consagra , M. Brigotti , S. Morabito , L. Petti

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive technique that enhances Raman signals using plasmonic nanomaterials, enabling the detection of trace biomolecules. Flexible SERS substrates offer advantages such as low cost, adaptability to various surfaces, and reliable performance in complex environments, making them ideal for real-time applications in food safety, environmental monitoring, and diagnostics. In this work, we present a flexible SERS sensor based on Kapton film coated with gold nanoparticles, fabricated through a simple bottom-up method. As a case study, we evaluated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, its performance in detecting Shiga toxins (Stxs), which are produced by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and are responsible for severe illnesses such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Early and accurate detection of Stxs is critical for outbreak control and timely treatment. We focused on three variants: Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1), Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), and cleaved Stx2, which are structurally similar but differ in pathogenicity. The SERS spectra collected from each toxin revealed subtle but consistent differences, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) successfully discriminated between them. Notably, our sensor achieved an outstanding enhancement factor of 7 × 10⁶ and reached an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 15 pM for Stx2 representing, to our knowledge, the lowest LOD reported to date for this toxin using a flexible SERS platform. We also evaluated the LOD in clinically relevant concentrations measured in sera, demonstrating that our system provides a sensitivity suitable for application in real diagnostic settings in the earlier stages of the disease. These results demonstrate the high sensitivity and discriminative power of our sensor, highlighting its strong potential for real-time, on-site monitoring of hazardous biomolecules in fields such as environmental surveillance, food safety, and clinical diagnostics.

表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是一种高灵敏度的技术，利用等离子体纳米材料增强拉曼信号，使微量生物分子的检测成为可能。柔性SERS基板具有低成本，对各种表面的适应性以及在复杂环境中的可靠性能等优点，使其成为食品安全，环境监测和诊断中的实时应用的理想选择。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于卡普顿薄膜的柔性SERS传感器，该薄膜表面涂有金纳米颗粒，通过简单的自下而上的方法制备。作为一个案例研究，据我们所知，我们首次评估了它在检测志贺毒素（Stxs）方面的性能，这些毒素是由产志贺毒素的大肠杆菌（STEC）产生的，是导致出血性结肠炎和溶血性尿毒症综合征等严重疾病的原因。早期和准确发现Stxs对于控制疫情和及时治疗至关重要。我们重点研究了三种变异：志贺毒素1 （Stx1）、志贺毒素2 （Stx2）和cleaved Stx2，它们在结构上相似，但致病性不同。从每种毒素收集的SERS光谱显示出细微但一致的差异，主成分分析（PCA）成功地区分了它们。值得注意的是，我们的传感器实现了7 × 106的出色增强因子，并达到了15 pM的Stx2超低检测限（LOD），据我们所知，这是迄今为止使用柔性SERS平台报道的这种毒素的最低LOD。我们还评估了血清中临床相关浓度的LOD，证明我们的系统提供了适合于疾病早期真实诊断环境应用的灵敏度。这些结果证明了我们的传感器的高灵敏度和判别能力，突出了它在环境监测、食品安全和临床诊断等领域对有害生物分子进行实时、现场监测的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Chip-scale optical detection of lung cancer with engineered photodetector based on distributed semiconductor heterojunctions 基于分布式半导体异质结的工程光电探测器在肺癌芯片级光学检测中的应用

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100701

Ashutosh Kumar , Santosh Kumar , Nikita Mohanta , Siddharth Singh , Manoj K. Pal , Hem Chandra Jha , Mukesh Kumar

Early detection of lung cancer is crucial because of the lower survival rate for improving treatment outcomes. Chip-scale photonic biosensors offer a promising label-free and non-invasive diagnostic approach by analyzing intercellular properties. Here, we demonstrate a chip-scale photonic platform based on semiconductor heterojunctions of n-type ZnO/TiO₂ with a comb-like structure to enable label-free detection of lung cancer cells. The lung cancer cells are detected using the engineered structure of the proposed photodetector through distinct fluctuations in the cells' electrical signature. The proposed voltage-controlled device configuration enhances interband transitions within the ZnO/TiO₂ depletion region with strong light-matter interaction, particularly in the UV spectrum. The proposed biosensor results in an enhanced photocurrent response in the presence of A549 cells, demonstrating its high sensitivity towards lung cancer detection. The photocurrent in PBS increases from 45 μA to 80 μA when a small concentration of A549 cells (500 cells/μl) is added at a low bias of 1.6 V, demonstrating label-free detection capability. The proposed device with its engineered structure combines ZnO's efficient charge carrier transport with TiO₂'s proven biocompatibility, enabling sensitive and non-invasive analysis with an additional flexibility of voltage-controlled operation. The demonstrated on-chip biosensor can be a potential candidate for cancer detection, which can enable future integration with compact biosystems.

早期发现肺癌是至关重要的，因为生存率较低，可以改善治疗效果。芯片级光子生物传感器通过分析细胞间特性，提供了一种有前途的无标签和非侵入性诊断方法。在这里，我们展示了一个基于n型ZnO/TiO2半导体异质结的芯片级光子平台，具有梳状结构，可以实现肺癌细胞的无标记检测。肺癌细胞是利用光电探测器的工程结构通过细胞电特征的明显波动来检测的。所提出的电压控制器件配置增强了ZnO/TiO2耗尽区内的带间跃迁，具有强光-物质相互作用，特别是在紫外光谱中。该生物传感器在A549细胞存在的情况下产生增强的光电流响应，证明其对肺癌检测的高灵敏度。在1.6 V低偏置下加入少量A549细胞（500个细胞/μl）， PBS中的光电流从45 μA增加到80 μA，显示出无标记检测能力。该装置具有工程结构，结合了ZnO的高效电荷载流子传输和TiO2的成熟生物相容性，实现了敏感和非侵入性分析，并具有额外的电压控制操作灵活性。所展示的片上生物传感器可能是癌症检测的潜在候选者，它可以使未来与紧凑的生物系统集成。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance electrochemical sensors: The impact of hydrodynamic flow and vibration on redox amplification 高性能电化学传感器：流体动力流动和振动对氧化还原放大的影响

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100697

Fabian O. Romero-Soto , Masoud Madadelahi , Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez , Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa , Marc J. Madou

Interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) enhance analyte diffusion through overlapping concentration profiles, locally renewing analyte and improving signal response. As the IDE gap decreases, redox amplification (RA)—efficiency of the analyte cycling between electrodes—improves exponentially. However, fabricating sub-micron gaps is costly and complex, limiting point-of-care applicability. To address this, we demonstrated that forced convection, i.e., hydrodynamic flow and mechanical vibration, significantly enhances mass transport and signal response in gold IDEs with 10, 5, and 2 μm gaps. Using methylene blue (MB) and potassium ferricyanide/ferrocyanide as redox probes, we examined flow direction (parallel and cross) and mechanical vibration effects. Under hydrodynamic flow, RA values decreased because convection disrupted lateral diffusion; however, the signal response increased due to enhanced analyte replenishment by mass transport. For MB, RA in cross-flow was direction-dependent: one direction reduced analyte depletion, yielding an 11.9 % higher RA. No significant directional effect was observed for the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide couple. Redox cycling under mechanical vibration across a 10 μm gap IDE increased the signal by 8-fold for MB and 4-fold for the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide couple compared to redox cycling under stagnant conditions. The maximum signal enhancement ratio (SER) obtained for MB (19.1) represents the highest vibration-induced value reported to date. To validate biosensing applicability, dopamine detection with redox cycling under mechanical vibration conditions achieved a detection limit (LOD) of 0.52 μM, nearly sixfold lower than in single-mode under stagnant conditions. These results show that large-gap IDEs without surface modification, combined with external convection, can achieve high RA performance and low LOD with minimal liquid volume (<20 μL). This strategy provides a cost-effective and scalable approach in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostics and water analysis.

交错电极（IDEs）通过重叠的浓度谱增强分析物的扩散，局部更新分析物并改善信号响应。随着IDE间隙的减小，氧化还原放大（RA）——分析物在电极之间循环的效率——呈指数级提高。然而，制造亚微米间隙既昂贵又复杂，限制了点护理的适用性。为了解决这个问题，我们证明了强制对流，即流体动力流动和机械振动，显著增强了10、5和2 μm间隙的金ide中的质量传递和信号响应。以亚甲基蓝（MB）和铁氰化钾/亚铁氰化钾为氧化还原探针，研究了流动方向（平行和交叉）和机械振动效应。在水动力流动下，由于对流破坏了横向扩散，RA值降低；然而，信号响应增加，由于增强了分析物补充的质量运输。对于MB，横向流动中的RA与方向有关：一个方向减少了分析物的损耗，使RA提高11.9%。铁氰化物/亚铁氰化物对没有明显的定向效应。与停滞条件下的氧化还原循环相比，机械振动下跨10 μm间隙IDE的氧化还原循环使MB的信号增加了8倍，铁氰化物/亚铁氰化物对的信号增加了4倍。MB获得的最大信号增强比（SER）（19.1）代表了迄今为止报道的最高振动诱发值。为了验证生物传感的适用性，机械振动条件下氧化还原循环多巴胺检测的检测限（LOD）为0.52 μM，比停滞条件下单模检测低近6倍。结果表明，不进行表面修饰的大间隙ide，结合外部对流，可以在最小液体体积（<20 μL）下获得高RA性能和低LOD。该策略为医疗诊断和水分析的电化学传感器提供了一种成本效益高且可扩展的方法。

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach for enzyme-based glucose detection: The application of non-faradaic electron impedance spectroscopy for PEDOT-PSS/TiO2 nanocomposite 基于酶的葡萄糖检测新方法：非法拉第电子阻抗谱在PEDOT-PSS/TiO2纳米复合材料中的应用

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100712

Ashitosh P. Deshmukh , Aditya V. Tiwari , Shailesh P. Tiwari , Deepika S. Yawale , Dhananjay P. Deshmukh , Monica S. Dixit , Shrikrishna P. Yawale

This study presents a groundbreaking approach to enzyme-based glucose detection through the innovative application of non-faradaic electron impedance spectroscopy (nf-EIS). A precise in situ chemical oxidative method is used for successfully synthesizing Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Poly(Sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/Titanium dioxide (PEDOT-PSS/TiO₂) nanocomposites. Also fabricated them on Whatman Grade-1 (WG-1) filter paper using the Screen-Printed Electrode method. The structural behavior and characteristics of the synthesized PEDOT-PSS polymer matrix have been by using advanced techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) at room temperature (303 K). The analysis of nf-EIS behavior of the fabricated biosensors across varying glucose concentrations demonstrated remarkable insights through impedimetric AC conductivity measurements at a constant voltage (0.3 V). The XRD spectra confirm the presence of the anatase plane in the tetragonal structure of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The average crystallite size and microstrain for all the samples were determined by using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot and Debye-Scherrer's formula. Specifically, sample 15 wt% TiO₂ composite with PEDOT-PSS, among other samples, displayed exceptional sensitivity (9.04 × 10⁻⁷ Sm⁻¹mM⁻¹, RSD 1.55 %) with a low detection limit (25.84 μM), a rapid response time of just 20 s, following a linear range of 0–40 mM.

本研究通过非法拉第电子阻抗谱（non- faraday electron impedance spectroscopy, nf-EIS）的创新应用，提出了一种突破性的酶基葡萄糖检测方法。采用精确的原位化学氧化方法成功合成了聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）-聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）/二氧化钛（PEDOT-PSS/TiO2）纳米复合材料。采用丝网印刷电极法在Whatman 1级（WG-1）滤纸上制作。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）和能量色散x射线光谱（EDAX）等先进技术，在室温（303 K）下对合成的PEDOT-PSS聚合物基体的结构行为和特性进行了研究。通过在恒定电压（0.3 V）下阻抗交流电导率测量，分析了制备的生物传感器在不同葡萄糖浓度下的nf-EIS行为。XRD谱图证实了TiO2纳米颗粒四方结构中锐钛矿平面的存在。采用Williamson-Hall （W-H）图和Debye-Scherrer公式测定了所有样品的平均晶粒尺寸和微应变。其中，PEDOT-PSS复合TiO2样品的灵敏度为9.04 × 10−7 Sm−1mM−1，RSD为1.55%，检出限较低（25.84 μM），响应时间仅为20 s，线性范围为0-40 mM。

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引用次数: 0

Performance of transformer-convolutional neural network ensemble for melanoma diagnosis on segmented 3D total body photography data: Cross-Validation stratified K-fold 变换-卷积神经网络集成在分段三维全身摄影数据上诊断黑色素瘤的性能：交叉验证分层K-fold

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100714

Eeshan G. Dandamudi , Shakeel Abdulkareem , Mihir Tekal , Khartik Uppalapati , Dhruv Karthik Alamuri , S. Nick Ice , Kalicharan Sharma , Aniket Nandi , Christian L. Lorson , Kamal Singh

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its early diagnosis is critical for the survival of cancer patients. Many artificial intelligence models have been developed to support early detection; however, limited progress has been made towards a reliable pre-diagnosis of skin cancer types. We developed a deep learning ensemble integrating ConvNeXt-Base, ResNet-50, and Swin Transformer-Base architectures to detect melanoma using images from 3D total body photography (3D-TBP) data. By combining the complementary strengths of individual models coupled with the Quadruple Stratified Leak-Free 5-Fold Cross-Validation (QSLF-KF-CV) approach, the ensemble achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9208, which is greater than that of individual models. Our strategy demonstrates potential for accurate melanoma detection, as well as broader applications in medical image diagnostics.

皮肤癌是世界上最常见的癌症之一，其早期诊断对癌症患者的生存至关重要。已经开发了许多人工智能模型来支持早期检测；然而，在皮肤癌类型的可靠预诊断方面取得的进展有限。我们开发了一个深度学习集成，集成了ConvNeXt-Base、ResNet-50和Swin Transformer-Base架构，利用3D全身摄影（3D- tbp）数据中的图像检测黑色素瘤。通过将个体模型的互补优势与四重分层无泄漏5重交叉验证（QSLF-KF-CV）方法相结合，该集合的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.9208，大于个体模型。我们的策略展示了准确检测黑色素瘤的潜力，以及在医学图像诊断方面更广泛的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances and future outlooks towards engineered materials and interfaces for PFAS sensing PFAS传感工程材料和接口的最新进展和未来展望

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100706

Aman Kumar , Akshay Kumar , Sonam Kumari , Nitin Kumar Singhal , Giovanna Marrazza , Sandeep Kumar

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants associated with significant health risks, necessitating sensitive and reliable detection methods across varied matrices. Conventional techniques like liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provide high sensitivity and specificity but are hampered by their complexity, cost, and limited field applicability. This review critically surveys recent advancements in PFAS sensing, focusing on engineered nanomaterial-based sensors and their integration into practical devices. We categorize sensing materials by structural characteristics, emphasizing nanomaterials functionalized with specific recognition elements to improve selectivity. The review also explores hybrid sensor platforms combining multiple detection modalities. Further, we discuss the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in enhancing sensor selectivity, data processing, and adaptability to complex environmental samples. Real-world validation studies are analyzed, highlighting sensor performance in matrices including drinking water, serum, and soil, emphasizing strategies to mitigate matrix interferences such as antifouling coatings and sample pretreatment. Challenges in sensor reproducibility, miniaturization, and regulatory compliance for field deployment are also examined. Overall, we provide a comprehensive outlook on the materials innovation, mechanistic understanding, and data-driven approaches that underpin the development of smart, portable PFAS sensors. These advances promise to bridge gaps between laboratory research and real-world applications, supporting regulatory monitoring and environmental protection efforts with scalable, cost-effective sensing solutions.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是广泛存在的环境污染物，与重大健康风险相关，需要在各种基质中采用敏感和可靠的检测方法。液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）等传统技术具有高灵敏度和特异性，但由于其复杂性、成本和有限的现场适用性而受到阻碍。本文综述了PFAS传感的最新进展，重点是基于工程纳米材料的传感器及其在实际设备中的集成。我们根据结构特征对传感材料进行分类，强调具有特定识别元素的功能化纳米材料以提高选择性。本文还探讨了结合多种检测方式的混合传感器平台。此外，我们还讨论了人工智能和机器学习技术在增强传感器选择性、数据处理和对复杂环境样本的适应性方面的作用。分析了实际验证研究，强调了传感器在包括饮用水、血清和土壤在内的基质中的性能，强调了减轻基质干扰的策略，如防污涂层和样品预处理。还研究了传感器再现性、小型化和现场部署的法规遵从性方面的挑战。总的来说，我们提供了一个全面的展望材料创新，机制的理解，和数据驱动的方法，支持智能，便携式PFAS传感器的发展。这些进步有望弥合实验室研究与实际应用之间的差距，通过可扩展的、具有成本效益的传感解决方案支持监管监测和环境保护工作。

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引用次数: 0

High-sensitivity biogenic amine detection via engineered binder formulation in resonant microcantilever gas sensors: A case study of cadaverine 共振微悬臂式气体传感器中工程粘合剂配方的高灵敏度生物胺检测：尸胺的案例研究

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100698

Lawrence Nsubuga , Tatiana Lisboa Marcondes , Simon Høegh , Horst-Günter Rubahn , Roana de Oliveira Hansen

Electronic nose (e-nose) technologies rely on functional layers to enable selective detection of target analytes. While previous work has focused on improving repeatability through surface treatments and binder placement, challenges in sensitivity have limited the detection of early-stage spoilage in food applications. In this study, we present an approach to enhance the sensitivity of a piezoelectrically driven microcantilever (PD-MC) based e-nose by engineering the sensing material (binder) composition for cadaverine, while optimizing the sensing mechanism and improving surface application capabilities. Cadaverine is a proven biogenic amine associated with the spoilage of meat. The sensing material is synthesized by complexing Nickel with Cyclam in barium hydroxide, forming a square planar [Ni(cyclam)]²⁺ complex, and modified cyclam with substituted moieties, which forms a viscous glue used as a buffer for the active components and aiding in immobilization on the PD-MC surface. The modified binder formulation is found to enable the detection of cadaverine concentrations as low as 30 μg/kg, allowing for the differentiation between meat freshness on day 1 and day 2. This is a significant improvement over the previously reported detection threshold. Enhanced sensitivity is achieved without compromising repeatability or selectivity, as demonstrated through controlled exposure experiments and resonance frequency analyses. These findings largely advance the development of high-sensitivity, scalable e-nose systems for real-time monitoring of food freshness.

电子鼻（电子鼻）技术依靠功能层来实现目标分析物的选择性检测。虽然以前的工作主要集中在通过表面处理和粘合剂放置来提高可重复性，但灵敏度方面的挑战限制了对食品应用中早期腐败的检测。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种方法，通过设计尸体碱的传感材料（粘合剂）组合来提高压电驱动微悬臂（PD-MC）电子鼻的灵敏度，同时优化传感机制并提高表面应用能力。尸胺是一种被证实与肉类变质有关的生物胺。该传感材料是通过在氢氧化钡中使镍与Cyclam络合而成，形成一个方形平面的[Ni(Cyclam)]2+配合物，并用取代基团修饰Cyclam，形成一种粘性胶，作为活性成分的缓冲剂，并有助于在PD-MC表面固定。研究发现，改性粘合剂配方可以检测低至30 μg/kg的尸胺浓度，从而区分第1天和第2天的肉类新鲜度。这是对先前报告的检测阈值的重大改进。通过控制暴露实验和共振频率分析，可以在不影响重复性或选择性的情况下提高灵敏度。这些发现在很大程度上推动了用于实时监测食物新鲜度的高灵敏度、可扩展的电子鼻系统的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Illuminating mitochondrial metabolism with genetically encoded fluorescent indicators 用基因编码荧光指示器照亮线粒体代谢

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100705

C. Aburto , A. Pinilla , F. Carrera-Arenas , A. San Martín

Mitochondria are recognized as dynamic metabolic hubs that integrate bioenergetic, biosynthetic and signaling functions well beyond ATP production. Their matrix hosts the Krebs cycle, fatty acid β-oxidation, and key branches of amino-acid metabolism, while also supporting heme synthesis, the urea cycle, calcium handling and redox homeostasis. Dissecting these intertwined pathways demands tools that can report metabolite dynamics in situ, where native ion gradients and macromolecular crowding are preserved. Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators are protein-based indicators whose spectroscopic properties shift upon binding the target metabolite. Because they are genetically encoded, these fluorescent indicators can be expressed in specific cell types and targeted to subcellular compartments, allowing real-time, non-invasive tracking of metabolic dynamics in living systems. This systematic review surveys the state-of-the-art in mitochondrial GEFIs, cataloguing fluorescent indicators for monocarboxylates, Krebs-cycle intermediates, amino acids, redox cofactors and energy nucleotides. Additionally, we outline core design principles, summarize strategies that ensure efficient targeting into the mitochondrial matrix, and discuss challenges for their correct application. By charting current capabilities and knowledge gaps, this review aims to guide the next generation of mitochondrial GEFIs and to accelerate quantitative mapping of metabolic networks at subcellular resolution.

线粒体是公认的动态代谢中心，它整合了生物能量、生物合成和信号功能，远远超出了ATP的产生。它们的基质承载克雷布斯循环、脂肪酸β氧化和氨基酸代谢的关键分支，同时也支持血红素合成、尿素循环、钙处理和氧化还原稳态。解剖这些相互交织的途径需要能够原位报告代谢物动力学的工具，其中天然离子梯度和大分子拥挤被保留。基因编码的荧光指示剂是基于蛋白质的指示剂，其光谱特性在与目标代谢物结合时发生变化。由于它们是遗传编码的，这些荧光指示器可以在特定的细胞类型中表达，并针对亚细胞区室，从而实现对生命系统代谢动力学的实时、无创跟踪。本系统综述调查了线粒体gefi的最新进展，对单羧酸、克雷布斯循环中间体、氨基酸、氧化还原辅助因子和能量核苷酸的荧光指标进行了分类。此外，我们概述了核心设计原则，总结了确保有效靶向线粒体基质的策略，并讨论了其正确应用的挑战。通过绘制当前的能力和知识差距，本综述旨在指导下一代线粒体gefi，并加速亚细胞分辨率代谢网络的定量制图。

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引用次数: 0

A paper-based chromogenic strip and electrochemical sensor for semi-quantitative estimation of hemoglobin 一种用于血红蛋白半定量测定的纸基显色条和电化学传感器

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100690

Pawankumar Rai , Srishti Mehrotra , Ashish K. Singh , Smriti Priya , Bhaskar Narayan , Sandeep K. Sharma

Anemia and related blood disorders particularly prevalent among children and women in regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia pose a major global health burden. Undiagnosed and untreated anemia often leads to severe health complications making accurate quantification of hemoglobin (Hb) critical for effective management. Conventional laboratory-based methods, though reliable, are often expensive, require expertise and are inaccessible in remote and rural areas, necessitating the need for affordable and easy-to-use diagnostic tools for estimation of hemoglobin. To address these challenges, a QR-code integrated, chromogenic paper-based strip and an electrochemical sensor for estimation of Hb has been developed. The developed chromogenic paper-based Hb-strip demonstrated estimation of Hb in the range of 4–16 g/dL and validated with standard spectrophotometric method. Semi-quantitative Hb estimation was achieved through RGB analysis. Characterization of the developed electrochemical sensor revealed a linear increase in anodic peak current with increasing hemoglobin concentration demonstrating strong correlation (R² = 0.97) and high sensitivity (5.932 μA/g·dL⁻¹), with detection and quantification limits of 0.31 and 1.03 g/dL, respectively. The QR-code embedded on the strip provided multilingual analytical information, enabling user-friendly interpretation. The developed chromogenic Hb-strips offers low-cost, point-of-care and scalable solution for estimation of Hb in low-resource healthcare settings.

在撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚地区的儿童和妇女中特别普遍的贫血和相关血液病构成了一个重大的全球健康负担。未经诊断和治疗的贫血常常导致严重的健康并发症，使血红蛋白（Hb）的准确定量对有效管理至关重要。传统的基于实验室的方法虽然可靠，但往往价格昂贵，需要专业知识，而且在偏远和农村地区难以获得，因此需要价格合理且易于使用的诊断工具来估计血红蛋白。为了解决这些挑战，一种集成了qr码的显色纸基条带和一种用于Hb估计的电化学传感器已经开发出来。所开发的显色纸Hb试纸显示Hb的估计范围在4-16 g/dL，并通过标准分光光度法验证。通过RGB分析实现半定量Hb估计。电化学传感器的阳极峰值电流随血红蛋白浓度的增加呈线性增加，具有较强的相关性（R2 = 0.97）和较高的灵敏度（5.932 μA/g·dL−1），检测限和定量限分别为0.31和1.03 g/dL。条带上嵌入的qr码提供多语言分析信息，便于用户理解。开发的显色Hb试纸为低资源医疗环境中Hb的估计提供了低成本、即时护理和可扩展的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0