Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献_第2页

Integrated bioelectronics for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic oncology 用于肿瘤学诊断、治疗和预后的综合生物电子学

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100762

Shreya Baghel , Saloni Agarwal , Baseerat Mashqoor , Rashmi Singh , Nilesh Kumar Sharma

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, marked by complexity, heterogeneity, and resistance to conventional therapies. The evolving field of bioelectronics, an interdisciplinary domain at the interface of biology and electronics, offers promising innovations in cancer diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prognosis. Recent advances include the development of wearable and implantable devices, microfluidic chips, and bio-hybrid technologies, such as biobots and lab-on-a-chip platforms. These tools support non-invasive diagnostics, personalized treatment strategies, and continuous patient monitoring with improved sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, bioelectronic systems enhance drug delivery and immunotherapy by leveraging electric fields, nanoparticles, and programmable electronic interfaces. Integration with artificial intelligence and tissue engineering further augments their potential. While significant progress has been made, challenges such as biocompatibility, long-term stability, and clinical scalability remain. Nonetheless, bioelectronics represents a transformative frontier in oncology, offering a futuristic pathway toward smarter, more adaptive, and patient-centric cancer care. This review examines how bioelectronic devices, particularly biosensors, integrate biological recognition elements with electronic systems to enable the real-time detection of cancer biomarkers, facilitating early and precise intervention.

癌症仍然是一个主要的全球健康挑战，其特点是复杂性、异质性和对传统疗法的耐药性。生物电子学是生物学和电子学的交叉领域，在癌症诊断、治疗、监测和预后方面提供了有前途的创新。最近的进展包括可穿戴和可植入设备、微流控芯片和生物混合技术的发展，如生物机器人和芯片实验室平台。这些工具支持非侵入性诊断、个性化治疗策略以及提高灵敏度和特异性的持续患者监测。此外，生物电子系统通过利用电场、纳米粒子和可编程电子接口来增强药物传递和免疫治疗。与人工智能和组织工程的结合进一步增强了它们的潜力。虽然取得了重大进展，但生物相容性、长期稳定性和临床可扩展性等挑战仍然存在。尽管如此，生物电子学代表了肿瘤学的变革前沿，为更智能、更适应性和以患者为中心的癌症治疗提供了一条未来的道路。这篇综述探讨了生物电子设备，特别是生物传感器，如何将生物识别元件与电子系统相结合，以实现癌症生物标志物的实时检测，促进早期和精确的干预。

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引用次数: 0

OCTANE- Oral Cytokine Testing Apparatus for Non-invasive Evaluation 用于无创评估的口服细胞因子检测仪

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100746

Nathan Kodjo Mintah Churcher , Fatima Zia Rizvi , Salsabil Aziz , Sasya Madhurantakam , Crisvin Kadambathil , Vikram Dhamu , Shalini Prasad

Cytokines such as interleukin-13 (IL-13) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are pivotal biomarkers in type 2 inflammatory diseases, including asthma and allergic airway disorders. Current cytokine quantification methods are limited by centralized laboratory requirements, large sample volumes, and extended assay times, limiting their utility for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Here, we present OCTANE (Oral Cytokine Testing Apparatus for Non-invasive Evaluation), a portable multiplexed electrochemical biosensing platform employing miniaturized HexaPie.m electrodes and non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (nF-EIS) for rapid, label-free detection of IL-13 and TSLP in human saliva. Finite Element Analysis and empirical testing demonstrated that electrode miniaturization enhances sensitivity by increasing baseline impedance and electric field concentration. The OCTANE device integrates automated multiplexing and flexible communication interfaces within a compact form factor, facilitating reliable biomarker quantification with reduced user intervention. The OCTANE device's performance was rigorously evaluated using calibration curves that demonstrated high linearity and specificity, and spike-and-recovery assays that confirmed accurate quantification in complex saliva matrices. Comparative testing with benchtop potentiostats yielded a strong correlation (R² > 0.98) and negligible bias, validating the analytical precision of the OCTANE device. The modular design of the OCTANE device further enables adaptability to diverse biomarker panels, positioning it as a next-generation tool for point-of-care immunodiagnostics.

细胞因子如白细胞介素-13 （IL-13）和胸腺基质淋巴生成素（TSLP）是2型炎症性疾病（包括哮喘和过敏性气道疾病）的关键生物标志物。目前的细胞因子定量方法受到集中实验室要求、大样本量和延长分析时间的限制，限制了它们在护理点（POC）诊断中的实用性。在这里，我们提出了OCTANE（口服细胞因子检测仪器，用于无创评估），这是一种便携式多路电化学生物传感平台，采用小型化的HexaPie。m电极和非法拉第电化学阻抗谱（non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, nF-EIS）用于快速、无标记检测人唾液中的IL-13和TSLP。有限元分析和经验测试表明，电极小型化通过增加基线阻抗和电场浓度来提高灵敏度。OCTANE设备在紧凑的外形中集成了自动多路复用和灵活的通信接口，在减少用户干预的情况下促进可靠的生物标志物定量。使用校准曲线对OCTANE设备的性能进行了严格评估，该校准曲线显示出高线性和特异性，并且使用峰值和回收率测定法确定了复杂唾液基质的准确定量。与台式电位器的对比测试产生了很强的相关性（R2 > 0.98）和可忽略的偏差，验证了OCTANE装置的分析精度。OCTANE设备的模块化设计进一步实现了对各种生物标志物面板的适应性，将其定位为下一代即时免疫诊断工具。

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引用次数: 0

Electrophoretically deposited carbon nanotube-based reagent-free aptasensor for point of care detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urine samples 电泳沉积的碳纳米管基无试剂适体传感器用于尿样中铜绿假单胞菌的定点检测

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100745

Boobalan Thulasinathan , Sethupathi Murugan , Rajasekaran Neelamegam , Pandiaraj Manickam

Increasing incidences of pathogenic bacterial outbreaks, together with growing environmental and public health concerns, have accelerated the development of electrochemical point-of-care (POC) diagnostic systems that are rapid, reliable, and cost-effective, offering high specificity and sensitivity for the on-site detection of bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen and it is also causing nosocomial infections and poses significant challenges to public health. In this study, we demonstrate a reagent-free electrochemical aptasensor for the highly sensitive detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The redox label methylene blue (MB) was covalently linked to an amino-modified aptamer, which binds selectively to the target bacteria, enabling electron transfer quantification through square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) were modified with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) via an electrophoretic deposition technique to enhance surface conductivity and signal response. The developed aptasensor exhibited a linear dynamic range (LDR) from 1 × 10¹ to 1 × 10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, with an impressive limit of detection (LOD) of 1 CFU mL⁻¹. The reagent-free electrochemical aptasensor was successfully validated using undiluted urine samples spiked with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, the fabricated aptasensor demonstrates strong potential as a powerful diagnostic tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical and environmental samples.

致病性细菌爆发事件的增加，以及日益增长的环境和公共卫生问题，加速了电化学护理点（POC）诊断系统的发展，这些系统快速、可靠、具有成本效益，为细菌病原体的现场检测提供了高特异性和灵敏度。铜绿假单胞菌是一种普遍存在的条件致病菌，它也引起医院感染，对公共卫生构成重大挑战。在这项研究中，我们展示了一种无试剂的电化学感应传感器，用于高灵敏度检测铜绿假单胞菌。氧化还原标记亚甲基蓝（MB）与氨基修饰的适体共价连接，该适体选择性地与目标细菌结合，从而通过方波伏安法（SWV）实现电子转移定量。通过电泳沉积技术，用羧化多壁碳纳米管（c-MWCNTs）修饰丝网印刷碳电极（SPCEs），以增强其表面电导率和信号响应。该传感器的线性动态范围（LDR）为1 × 101 ~ 1 × 107菌落形成单位(CFU)/mL，检测限（LOD）为1 CFU mL−1。在未稀释的尿液样品中加入铜绿假单胞菌，成功地验证了无试剂电化学配体传感器。总之，所制备的适配体传感器具有很强的潜力，可作为一种快速、灵敏地检测临床和环境样品中铜绿假单胞菌的强大诊断工具。

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引用次数: 0

Agarase-based bacterial biosensor for detection of cadmium in environmental samples 基于琼脂酶的细菌生物传感器用于环境样品中镉的检测

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100750

Rajkumar Prabhakaran , Ramprasath Tharmarajan , Selvam Govindan Sadasivam

Cadmium (Cd) contamination, which requires sensitive and cost-effective detection methods for environmental monitoring. In this study, the Cd-responsive promoter P_cadR from P. aeruginosa strains RGS16 and RGS23 was functionally characterized and compared with Escherichia coli strains carrying pUCP-P_cadR-gfp^mut2. The Cd sensing ability of this construct was standardized and analyzed by fluorescence microscopic imaging, high-throughput cell imaging, flow cytometric, fluorometric, and colorimetric analysis. Promoter activity was first evaluated using a GFP-based reporter, revealing significantly higher GFP expression in P. aeruginosa strains and a linear response to CdCl₂ concentrations between 56.2 and 562 ppm (0.5–5 mM). To extend biosensor applicability, a 938 bp β-agarase (dagA) reporter gene was fused downstream of the P_cadR promoter, generating pUCP-P_cadR-dagA39 and pUCP-P_cadR-dagA40 constructs. The engineered P. aeruginosa BC15 strain exhibited a broad linear detection range from 10 ppb to 500 ppm CdCl₂, with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9851). Furthermore, immobilized Pa-CadBacS-GSR39 and GSR40 biosensors showed strong linear responses in both ppb and ppm ranges (R² = 0.94–0.963). Cd concentrations measured using the biosensor system correlated with ICP-MS analysis (R² = 0.967), confirming its accuracy. These results demonstrate that the P_cadR-based whole-cell biosensor is a low-cost, sensitive, and reliable platform for quantitative Cd detection across environmentally relevant concentrations.

镉（Cd）污染，这需要敏感和成本效益的检测方法进行环境监测。本研究对铜绿假单胞菌菌株RGS16和RGS23的cd响应启动子PcadR进行了功能表征，并与携带pcp -PcadR-gfpmut2的大肠杆菌菌株进行了比较。通过荧光显微成像、高通量细胞成像、流式细胞术、荧光和比色分析对该构建体的Cd感知能力进行了标准化和分析。首先使用基于GFP的报告基因对启动子活性进行了评估，结果显示绿脓杆菌菌株中GFP的表达显著增加，CdCl2浓度在56.2至562 ppm （0.5-5 mM）之间呈线性响应。为了扩大生物传感器的适用性，将938 bp的β-琼脂酶（dagA）报告基因融合到PcadR启动子下游，生成pUCP-PcadR-dagA39和pUCP-PcadR-dagA40构建体。铜绿假单胞菌BC15对CdCl2的线性检测范围为10 ~ 500 ppm，相关系数高（R2 = 0.9851）。此外，固定化Pa-CadBacS-GSR39和GSR40生物传感器在ppb和ppm范围内均表现出较强的线性响应（R2 = 0.94-0.963）。生物传感器系统测定的Cd浓度与ICP-MS分析结果相关（R2 = 0.967），证实了其准确性。这些结果表明，基于pcadr的全细胞生物传感器是一种低成本、敏感和可靠的平台，可用于跨环境相关浓度的Cd定量检测。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of an electrically conductive film and stimulation of neurons in a microfluidic platform integrated with ITO-coated PET electrodes 导电膜的合成及在集成ito涂层PET电极的微流控平台中刺激神经元

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100744

Reyhan Coban , Aysel Saskara , Utku Devamoglu , Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas

Hybrid polymer materials are engineered by coupling distinct structural and functional domains, enabling distinctive properties unattainable in single-component systems. Hybrid polymer films stand out as promising materials that integrate physicochemical functionality with biological responses for tissue engineering applications. Mechanically robust, biocompatible polymer with extensive properties, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) represents a sought-after polymer for tissue engineering applications. Combining it with non-toxic conductive nanomaterials offers a promising technique to enhance conductivity and enable electrical stimulation for regulating the behavior of neuronal cells. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are among the most promising candidates for this purpose. In this study, electrically conductive PVDF/CNF composite films were synthesized under optimized conditions, characterized and evaluated for adaptability in neuronal cell culture for electrical stimulation applications. Optimized films exhibited fibrillar networks, as confirmed by multiple analyses. While CNFs act as the primary determinant of electrical conductivity, PVDF contributes to the mechanical robustness of the composite. Various coating strategies were applied and optimized to promote NSC-34 cell adhesion, proliferation, and directional orientation. Afterwards, functional evaluation using an Arduino-based ITO-integrated microfluidic platform (μ-platform) showed that AC and DC modes successfully enabled electrical stimulation. These results indicate that surface topography, protein functionalization, and optimized electrical properties support neuronal cell attachment and viability, thus providing a versatile platform for neuronal stimulation applications.

混合聚合物材料是通过耦合不同的结构和功能域来设计的，具有单组分系统无法实现的独特性能。混合聚合物薄膜是一种很有前途的材料，它将物理化学功能与生物反应结合在一起，可用于组织工程应用。机械坚固，具有广泛性能的生物相容性聚合物，聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）是组织工程应用中广受欢迎的聚合物。将其与无毒导电纳米材料相结合，提供了一种很有前途的技术，可以增强导电性，并使电刺激能够调节神经元细胞的行为。碳纳米纤维（CNFs）是最有希望实现这一目的的候选材料之一。在本研究中，在优化的条件下合成了导电PVDF/CNF复合膜，并对其在神经细胞培养中的电刺激适应性进行了表征和评估。经多重分析证实，优化后的薄膜呈现出纤维网状结构。而CNFs作为电导率的主要决定因素，PVDF有助于复合材料的机械稳健性。应用并优化了不同的涂层策略，以促进NSC-34细胞的粘附、增殖和定向。随后，使用基于arduino的ito集成微流控平台（μ-platform）进行功能评估，结果表明交流和直流模式成功实现了电刺激。这些结果表明，表面形貌、蛋白质功能化和优化的电学性质支持神经元细胞的附着和活力，从而为神经元刺激应用提供了一个通用的平台。

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引用次数: 0

A reliable high-throughput OECT-based bioelectronic system enabling pan-specific vesicle quantification 一种可靠的高通量基于oect的生物电子系统，可实现泛特异性囊泡定量

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100755

Giulia Frusconi , Angelo Musicò , Andrea Zendrini , Zsolt M. Kovács-Vajna , Lucia Paolini , Paolo Bergese , Fabrizio Torricelli

Next-generation extracellular vesicle (EV) technologies are transforming biomanufacturing and functional product development. Quantifying EVs based on their membrane protein content is crucial for ensuring consistent yield, composition, and functional performance in manufacturing pipelines. Existing methods measure EV size and concentration but provide no information on membrane protein presence, whereas immunoaffinity approaches depend on specific markers that may be inconsistently expressed due to EV heterogeneity. Here we demonstrate a reliable bioelectronic system for pan-specific, high-throughput total EV quantification, achieving 12 independent parallel analysis in less than 15 min, with false-positive and false-negative rates below 1%. The system features multiple channel-functionalized arrays of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) in a 3 × 4 matrix configuration. Click chemistry enables real-time detection of EVs with membrane proteins, with a limit of identification of 6 × 10⁶ particles ml⁻¹ and a dynamic range spanning three orders of magnitude. By integrating functionalized OECT arrays with 3D-printed fluidic devices into a low-cost, disposable cartridge operated by a compact silicon-based electronic reader, the system enables rapid, reliable, and pan-specific total EV quantification in a user-friendly format, opening opportunities for in-line quality control and scalable implementation in biomanufacturing and pharmaceutical processes.

下一代细胞外囊泡（EV）技术正在改变生物制造和功能产品开发。基于膜蛋白含量对电动汽车进行量化，对于确保生产管道中产量、组成和功能性能的一致性至关重要。现有的方法测量EV的大小和浓度，但不能提供膜蛋白存在的信息，而免疫亲和方法依赖于由于EV异质性而可能不一致表达的特定标记。在这里，我们展示了一个可靠的生物电子系统，用于泛特异性、高通量的总EV定量，在不到15分钟的时间内实现12个独立的并行分析，假阳性和假阴性率低于1%。该系统具有3 × 4矩阵结构的多通道功能化有机电化学晶体管（OECTs）阵列。Click化学能够实时检测膜蛋白的ev，鉴定限为6 × 106颗粒ml - 1，动态范围跨越三个数量级。通过将功能化的OECT阵列与3d打印的流体装置集成到一个低成本的一次性药筒中，由一个紧凑的硅基电子阅读器操作，该系统以用户友好的格式实现快速、可靠和广泛特定的总EV定量，为生物制造和制药过程中的在线质量控制和可扩展实施提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0

Recent developments and innovations in nanomaterials-supported biosensors for health monitoring 纳米材料支持的健康监测生物传感器的最新发展和创新

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100761

Ahmed Isa , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Sibel A. Ozkan

The increased access to nanoscaled materials has allowed an explosive growth in various fields, including healthcare and biosensing platforms, as the integration of nanomaterials into these systems allows the design of diagnostic tools that are more sensitive, selective, and capable of delivering real-time results. This review, covering various up-to-date resources between the years 2020-2025, expands on the types and functions of nanomaterials used in health monitoring and on progress in nanomaterial-based biosensors, focusing on their classification, synthesis, functionalization, and effects on generated signals. Furthermore, the review also organizes biosensors according to the biorecognition elements while discussing developing technologies like CRISPR/Cas biosensors, and finally examines the various applications in health-related diagnostics. Various studies, which include wearable and patient-friendly devices, were included, and the movement toward point-of-care testing and continuous health tracking was demonstrated. By connecting these technological advances to the needs of both clinical practice and everyday health monitoring, the review underscores the growing importance of nanomaterials in the fabrication of biosensors for personalized medicine and their steady path toward broader commercialization.

纳米材料的使用越来越多，使得包括医疗保健和生物传感平台在内的各个领域出现了爆炸式增长，因为将纳米材料集成到这些系统中，可以设计出更敏感、更有选择性、更能提供实时结果的诊断工具。这篇综述涵盖了2020-2025年之间的各种最新资源，扩展了用于健康监测的纳米材料的类型和功能，以及基于纳米材料的生物传感器的进展，重点是它们的分类、合成、功能化和对产生的信号的影响。此外，本文还根据生物识别要素对生物传感器进行了组织，同时讨论了CRISPR/Cas生物传感器等技术的发展，最后探讨了生物传感器在健康相关诊断中的各种应用。包括可穿戴设备和病人友好型设备在内的各种研究都被纳入其中，并展示了向护理点测试和持续健康跟踪的发展。通过将这些技术进步与临床实践和日常健康监测的需求联系起来，该综述强调了纳米材料在个性化医疗生物传感器制造中的重要性，以及它们走向更广泛商业化的稳步道路。

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引用次数: 0

Interactions of ferrocenyl triphenylamine compounds with biomimetic membranes studied by nanoplasmonic sensing and micro differential scanning calorimetry 纳米等离子体传感和微差扫描量热法研究了二茂铁基三苯胺化合物与仿生膜的相互作用

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100756

Shishir Jaikishan , Hassan Abul-Futouh , Atemni Ibrahim , Rosa Verdú Revilla , Rui Chen , Ibrahim Basma , Dumidu Perera , Wolfgang Weigand , Susanne K. Wiedmer

Ferrocene is a versatile organometallic compound consisting of two cyclopentadienyl rings bonded to an iron atom. The introduction of various functional groups into the cyclopentadienyl rings enhances its chemical, physical, and electronic properties. Such modifications are extensively applied in the field of catalysis, material sciences, medicine, drug delivery, chemical, and bio-sensing. Similarly, the ferrocene moiety can be linked to bulky fluoro-chromogenic units like triphenylamine for various biomedical imaging and biosensing applications, due to the fluorescent properties of triphenylamine. In this work, triphenylamine is bonded to a ferrocene moiety via a ketone group, resulting into a ‘hybrid novel material’ which may exhibit synergistic properties that neither molecule could achieve alone. For extensive characterization, three additional novel derivatives, namely, ferrocenyl triphenylamine thioketone, ferrocenyl triphenylamine thiophene ketone, and ferrocenyl triphenylamine thiophene thioketone were synthesized, and included in the study. The hydrophobicity and their interactions with lipid membranes were investigated using nanoplasmonic sensing, micro differential scanning calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy.

二茂铁是一种多用途的有机金属化合物，由两个环戊二烯环连接到一个铁原子上。在环戊二烯环中引入各种官能团，增强了环戊二烯环的化学、物理和电子性质。这种修饰被广泛应用于催化、材料科学、医学、药物传递、化学和生物传感等领域。同样，由于三苯胺的荧光特性，二茂铁部分可以连接到大体积的荧光显色单元，如三苯胺，用于各种生物医学成像和生物传感应用。在这项研究中，三苯胺通过酮基团与二茂铁基团结合，形成一种“杂交新材料”，这种材料可能表现出两种分子都无法单独实现的协同特性。为了进行广泛的表征，合成了另外三个新的衍生物，即二茂铁基三苯胺硫酮、二茂铁基三苯胺噻吩酮和二茂铁基三苯胺噻吩硫酮，并将其纳入研究。利用纳米等离子体传感、微差扫描量热法和荧光光谱研究了其疏水性及其与脂质膜的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Next-generation platforms for NADH monitoring 下一代NADH监测平台

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100753

Xuchao Wang , Mingyue Gong , Xiaoxiao Men , Haobin Chen

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) serves as a central redox coenzyme and a critical indicator of cellular metabolic status. Its dynamic fluctuations are intimately linked to the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, making its precise, real-time monitoring imperative for advancing diagnostics, therapeutic monitoring, and fundamental metabolic research. While conventional analytical techniques are constrained by their operational complexity and lack of portability, the emergence of portable biosensors offers a paradigm-shifting solution. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent progress in three primary categories of portable NADH biosensors: optical (including fluorescence, colorimetric, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering), electrochemical, and synthetic biology-based platforms. We provide a critical analysis of their operational mechanisms, performance benchmarks in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and response time, and their application in both ex vivo and in vivo settings. Despite significant advancements, the clinical translation of these technologies faces persistent challenges, such as interference in complex biological matrices, the need for long-term stability, and seamless integration into user-friendly, multiplexed devices. Looking forward, we posit that the convergence of advanced nanomaterials, innovative biorecognition elements, and machine learning analytics will be pivotal in overcoming these hurdles. The ultimate maturation of these portable platforms is poised to usher in an era of real-time metabolomic medicine, transforming NADH from a biochemical analyte into a dynamic, actionable biomarker for precision health.

还原性烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）是一种中心氧化还原辅酶，是细胞代谢状态的重要指标。它的动态波动与多种疾病的发病机制密切相关，因此对其进行精确、实时的监测对于推进诊断、治疗监测和基础代谢研究至关重要。虽然传统的分析技术受到操作复杂性和缺乏便携性的限制，但便携式生物传感器的出现提供了一种范式转换的解决方案。本文综述了三大类便携式NADH生物传感器的最新进展：光学（包括荧光、比色和表面增强拉曼散射）、电化学和基于合成生物学的平台。我们对它们的操作机制、灵敏度、选择性和响应时间方面的性能基准以及它们在离体和体内环境中的应用进行了批判性分析。尽管取得了重大进展，但这些技术的临床转化面临着持续的挑战，例如对复杂生物基质的干扰，对长期稳定性的需求，以及无缝集成到用户友好的多路设备中。展望未来，我们认为先进纳米材料、创新生物识别元素和机器学习分析的融合将是克服这些障碍的关键。这些便携式平台的最终成熟将迎来实时代谢组学医学的时代，将NADH从生化分析物转变为动态的、可操作的精确健康生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-monitoring of β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose via a microneedles-based biosensor for personalized nutrition 基于微针的个性化营养生物传感器对β-羟基丁酸盐和葡萄糖的双重监测

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100747

Cristina Tortolini , Massimiliano Caprio , Anisa Degjoni , Andrea Lenzi , Andrea M. Isidori , Riccarda Antiochia

Personalized nutrition has rapidly emerged as a highly interdisciplinary field dedicated to preventing and managing diseases by tailoring nutrition based on the specific requirements and unique metabolic profiles of each individual. This approach addresses the profound heterogeneity in how individuals respond to diet, considering factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and microbiome composition. The successful realization of effective personalized nutrition requires the development and synergy of diverse sensor modalities. Microneedles-based biosensors are excellent candidates as they are capable of continuously tracking temporal bioanalytes variations in the interstitial fluid (ISF), following the intake of food and supplements. In this work, we present a wearable minimally-invasive electrochemical biosensor for dual-monitoring of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and glucose in ISF, based on a gold microneedles array with two working electrodes. Functionalization with electropolymerized poly-methylene blue (poly-MB), β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (3-HBDH) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD⁺) and chitosan nanoparticles (ChitNPs) (working electrode 1), and FAD-glucose-dehydrogenase (FADGDH) (working electrode 2), enabled the dual-monitoring of β-HB and glucose, with linear range in the clinically relevant range of both analytes, high sensitivity, stability, and selectivity, avoiding cross-talk between the two closely modified working electrodes. An outer poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) diffusion-limiting membrane was used to protect the modified microneedles array. The developed biosensor was tested in artificial ISF, in a phantom gel skin-mimicking model as well as in human ISF. This pilot study involved three human healthy subjects before and after taking supplements, and the results, compared to those obtained with a commercial ketone/glucose meter, showed excellent agreement.

个性化营养已迅速成为一个高度跨学科的领域，致力于通过根据每个人的特定需求和独特的代谢特征定制营养来预防和管理疾病。考虑到遗传、生活方式和微生物组成等因素，这种方法解决了个体如何对饮食做出反应的深刻异质性。成功实现有效的个性化营养需要多种传感器模式的发展和协同作用。基于微针的生物传感器是极好的候选者，因为它们能够在摄入食物和补充剂后连续跟踪间质液（ISF）中生物分析物的时间变化。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种可穿戴的微创电化学生物传感器，用于双重监测ISF中的β-羟基丁酸盐（β-HB）和葡萄糖，该传感器基于具有两个工作电极的金微针阵列。利用电聚合聚亚甲基蓝（poly-MB）、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸氧化型(NAD+) β-羟基丁酸脱氢酶（3-HBDH）和壳聚糖纳米颗粒（ChitNPs）（工作电极1）以及fad -葡萄糖脱氢酶（FADGDH）（工作电极2）功能化，实现了β-HB和葡萄糖的双重监测，两种分析物的线性范围均在临床相关范围内，具有较高的灵敏度、稳定性和选择性。避免两个紧密修饰的工作电极之间的串扰。采用聚氯乙烯（PVC）外扩散限制膜保护改性微针阵列。开发的生物传感器在人造ISF、模拟皮肤的凝胶模型以及人体ISF中进行了测试。这项初步研究涉及三名健康的人类受试者，在服用补充剂之前和之后，与商用酮/血糖仪获得的结果相比，结果显示出极好的一致性。

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