Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109134
Rongqiang Yan , Peng Du , Rongtao Zhu , Haoyang Xuan , Runchi Li , Zhiheng Jiang , Zhongyuan Suo , Jindong Liu , Liang Zhang , Guoqiang Xie
{"title":"Corrigendum to Novel Ti-based metallic glass coating free of toxic elements for bio-implant applications [Intermetallics 188 (2026) 109085]","authors":"Rongqiang Yan , Peng Du , Rongtao Zhu , Haoyang Xuan , Runchi Li , Zhiheng Jiang , Zhongyuan Suo , Jindong Liu , Liang Zhang , Guoqiang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109119
Faye Greaves , Vivian Nassif , Maria Alfredsson , Alan V. Chadwick , Ryan Parmenter , Jakub Čížek , Oksana Melikhova , Lei Lei , David M. Grant , Martin Dornheim , Sanliang Ling , Patrick Cullen , Claudia Zlotea
Refractory BCC high entropy alloy TiVZrNbHf is a promising material for solid-state hydrogen storage with high hydrogen sorption capacity but unfavourable thermodynamics of hydride phase, i.e. too stable hydride that need high temperature to reversibly recover the absorbed hydrogen. As an attempt to destabilize the hydride phase, this study reports on the effect of Al addition (limited concentrations: 5 and 10 at.%) into this alloy on the physicochemical and hydrogen sorption properties. Despite traces of a V-Al secondary phase, the BCC (TiVZrNbHf)1-xAlx alloys are random solid solutions which form high-capacity FCC hydride phases under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature, as proven by synchrotron and neutron diffraction. Although Al decreases the hydrogen sorption capacity, the presence of a p element destabilizes the FCC hydride phase. A comparison with previous literature data helps understanding the role of Al which strongly depends on the chemical composition of the initial alloys. XANES studies allowed access to details of the electronic structure of the unoccupied levels complemented by density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the addition of Al favours the formation of larger open volume defects during hydride formation than the initial Al-free alloy which might explain the faster absorption kinetics in Al-containing alloys.
{"title":"The role of Al addition on the hydrogen sorption properties of TiVZrNbHf high entropy alloy","authors":"Faye Greaves , Vivian Nassif , Maria Alfredsson , Alan V. Chadwick , Ryan Parmenter , Jakub Čížek , Oksana Melikhova , Lei Lei , David M. Grant , Martin Dornheim , Sanliang Ling , Patrick Cullen , Claudia Zlotea","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory BCC high entropy alloy TiVZrNbHf is a promising material for solid-state hydrogen storage with high hydrogen sorption capacity but unfavourable thermodynamics of hydride phase, <em>i.e.</em> too stable hydride that need high temperature to reversibly recover the absorbed hydrogen. As an attempt to destabilize the hydride phase, this study reports on the effect of Al addition (limited concentrations: 5 and 10 at.%) into this alloy on the physicochemical and hydrogen sorption properties. Despite traces of a V-Al secondary phase, the BCC (TiVZrNbHf)<sub>1-<em>x</em></sub>Al<sub><em>x</em></sub> alloys are random solid solutions which form high-capacity FCC hydride phases under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature, as proven by synchrotron and neutron diffraction. Although Al decreases the hydrogen sorption capacity, the presence of a <em>p</em> element destabilizes the FCC hydride phase. A comparison with previous literature data helps understanding the role of Al which strongly depends on the chemical composition of the initial alloys. XANES studies allowed access to details of the electronic structure of the unoccupied levels complemented by density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the addition of Al favours the formation of larger open volume defects during hydride formation than the initial Al-free alloy which might explain the faster absorption kinetics in Al-containing alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109113
Lei Gao , Qi Li , Jiawei Xu , Xiang Jin , Juan Cheng
This study employs a low mixing enthalpy–high mixing entropy synergistic design strategy to synthesize Gd18.34+xDy18.33Er18.33-xAl20Fe25 (x = 0, 3, 6, 9) high-entropy metallic glasses (HE-MGs), systematically investigating their glass-forming ability (GFA) and magnetocaloric properties. The results demonstrate that all alloys exhibit distinct ferromagnetic-paramagnetic second-order phase transition (SOPT) near Curie temperatures (TC) of 75 K, 84 K, 95 K, and 103 K, respectively, validating the predictive significance of the de Gennes factor for TC tuning in rare-earth-based amorphous systems. Thermodynamic behavior is predominantly governed by f-d hybridization effects induced by 4f electrons, wherein reduced 4f electron concentration weakens hybridization, consequently diminishing thermal stability. Under a 7 T applied field, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (|-ΔSMmax|) reach 6.59 J kg−1 K−1, 6.57 J kg−1 K−1, 5.06 J kg−1 K−1, and 4.99 J kg−1 K−1; full width at half maximum (ΔTFWHM) values measure 125.21 K, 138.12 K, 147.87 K, and 150.77 K; and relative cooling power (RCP) attain 825.11 J kg−1, 907.78 J kg−1, 748.30 J kg−1, and 752.54 J kg−1, respectively, highlighting exceptional potential for broad-temperature-range magnetic refrigeration. Scaling theory reveals deviations of critical exponents from mean-field predictions due to microstructural fluctuations and chemical short-range order inherent to the amorphous state. By modulating the Gd/Er ratio, this work simultaneously enhances glass-forming ability (GFA) and magnetocaloric performance, elucidating coupling mechanisms among rare-earth elements, spin-glass effect, and magnetic phase transition. These findings provide experimental and theoretical foundations for developing novel high-efficiency cryogenic magnetic refrigerants.
{"title":"Glass-forming ability and magnetocaloric performance of Gd18.34+xDy18.33Er18.33-xAl20Fe25 (x = 0, 3, 6, 9) high-entropy amorphous alloys","authors":"Lei Gao , Qi Li , Jiawei Xu , Xiang Jin , Juan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs a low mixing enthalpy–high mixing entropy synergistic design strategy to synthesize Gd<sub>18.34+<em>x</em></sub>Dy<sub>18.33</sub>Er<sub>18.33-<em>x</em></sub>Al<sub>20</sub>Fe<sub>25</sub> (<em>x</em> = 0, 3, 6, 9) high-entropy metallic glasses (HE-MGs), systematically investigating their glass-forming ability (GFA) and magnetocaloric properties. The results demonstrate that all alloys exhibit distinct ferromagnetic-paramagnetic second-order phase transition (SOPT) near Curie temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>C</sub>) of 75 K, 84 K, 95 K, and 103 K, respectively, validating the predictive significance of the de Gennes factor for <em>T</em><sub>C</sub> tuning in rare-earth-based amorphous systems. Thermodynamic behavior is predominantly governed by <em>f-d</em> hybridization effects induced by 4<em>f</em> electrons, wherein reduced 4<em>f</em> electron concentration weakens hybridization, consequently diminishing thermal stability. Under a 7 T applied field, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (|-Δ<em>S</em><sub>M</sub><sup>max</sup>|) reach 6.59 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>, 6.57 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>, 5.06 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>, and 4.99 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>; full width at half maximum (Δ<em>T</em><sub>FWHM</sub>) values measure 125.21 K, 138.12 K, 147.87 K, and 150.77 K; and relative cooling power (<em>RCP</em>) attain 825.11 J kg<sup>−1</sup>, 907.78 J kg<sup>−1</sup>, 748.30 J kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 752.54 J kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, highlighting exceptional potential for broad-temperature-range magnetic refrigeration. Scaling theory reveals deviations of critical exponents from mean-field predictions due to microstructural fluctuations and chemical short-range order inherent to the amorphous state. By modulating the Gd/Er ratio, this work simultaneously enhances glass-forming ability (GFA) and magnetocaloric performance, elucidating coupling mechanisms among rare-earth elements, spin-glass effect, and magnetic phase transition. These findings provide experimental and theoretical foundations for developing novel high-efficiency cryogenic magnetic refrigerants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109121
Siyu Zhou , Cong Zhao , Shuo Wang , Han Xie , Yushi Wang , Xinyu Li , Fei Xing , Zhonggang Sun , Guang Yang
Laser directed energy deposited Inconel 718 alloy typically exhibits coarse columnar grains and Nb/Mo-rich Laves phases, leading to poor strength and plasticity matching. To address this, friction stir processing (FSP) was combined with solution-aging heat treatment for the first time. Results show that FSP refines coarse columnar grains (47 μm) into fine equiaxed grains (2.7 μm) via dynamic recrystallization, while breaking the chain-like Laves phase and reducing its content from 6.1 % to 0.55 %. After heat treatment, static recrystallization occurs in the stir zone, accompanied by annealing twins, with grain size stabilizing at 9.9 μm. The Laves phase is further dissolved to 0.12 %, while a high density of γ′/γ″ strengthening precipitates is formed. This synergistic process enhances both strength and plasticity through grain refinement, precipitation strengthening, and the inhibition of grain boundary migration by annealing twins. Consequently, the material exhibits an excellent strength and plasticity matching, demonstrating a room-temperature tensile strength of 1506 MPa, a yield strength of 1023 MPa, an elongation of 29 %, and a product of strength and plasticity of 43.7 GPa·%.
{"title":"Achieving uniform microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of laser directed energy deposited IN718 via friction stir processing and heat treatment","authors":"Siyu Zhou , Cong Zhao , Shuo Wang , Han Xie , Yushi Wang , Xinyu Li , Fei Xing , Zhonggang Sun , Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser directed energy deposited Inconel 718 alloy typically exhibits coarse columnar grains and Nb/Mo-rich Laves phases, leading to poor strength and plasticity matching. To address this, friction stir processing (FSP) was combined with solution-aging heat treatment for the first time. Results show that FSP refines coarse columnar grains (47 μm) into fine equiaxed grains (2.7 μm) via dynamic recrystallization, while breaking the chain-like Laves phase and reducing its content from 6.1 % to 0.55 %. After heat treatment, static recrystallization occurs in the stir zone, accompanied by annealing twins, with grain size stabilizing at 9.9 μm. The Laves phase is further dissolved to 0.12 %, while a high density of γ′/γ″ strengthening precipitates is formed. This synergistic process enhances both strength and plasticity through grain refinement, precipitation strengthening, and the inhibition of grain boundary migration by annealing twins. Consequently, the material exhibits an excellent strength and plasticity matching, demonstrating a room-temperature tensile strength of 1506 MPa, a yield strength of 1023 MPa, an elongation of 29 %, and a product of strength and plasticity of 43.7 GPa·%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109135
S.S. Liu , J.F. Wang , G.L. Zhao , X.H. Wang
AlNbMoTa0.5 laser cladding coatings with different Ni additions were successfully fabricated on Ti6Al4V surfaces through synchronous powder feeding. Through characterization of the coating microstructure and wear resistance, it was found that: Due to small atomic radius, element Ni induces lattice distortion in the AlNbMoTa0.5 refractory high-entropy alloy. This lattice distortion is particularly pronounced when the Ni addition is low. With a melting point significantly lower than that of the high-melting-point principal elements, element Ni primarily segregates in the inter-dendritic regions of the BCC solid solution, and the size of these inter-dendritic regions gradually increases with higher Ni additions. Due to its lower formation enthalpy, the element Ni promotes the formation of AlNiTi-intermetallic compounds in the inter-dendritic regions. Additionally, driven by the increased Ti/Al concentration ratio in the melt pool, Ti3Al intermetallic compounds are formed. Meanwhile, the addition of Ni contributes to grain refinement through heterogeneous nucleation.
In terms of properties, with the increase of Ni addition, the microhardness of the coating improves due to the formation of hard intermetallic compounds or solid solutions in the inter-dendritic regions. Simultaneously, the addition of Ni enhances the room-temperature wear resistance of the coating, attributable to the combined effects of grain refinement strengthening and the pinning effect provided by the well-compatible intermetallic compounds. Regarding high-temperature wear resistance, the addition of Ni enhances the elevated temperature properties of the by slowing the oxidation rate of the inter-dendritic Ti element, owing to its stronger chemical affinity with Ti.
{"title":"Influence of Ni on the microstructure and wear resistance of AlNbMoTa0.5 refractory high-entropy alloy laser cladding coating fabricated on Ti6Al4V","authors":"S.S. Liu , J.F. Wang , G.L. Zhao , X.H. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AlNbMoTa<sub>0.5</sub> laser cladding coatings with different Ni additions were successfully fabricated on Ti6Al4V surfaces through synchronous powder feeding. Through characterization of the coating microstructure and wear resistance, it was found that: Due to small atomic radius, element Ni induces lattice distortion in the AlNbMoTa<sub>0.5</sub> refractory high-entropy alloy. This lattice distortion is particularly pronounced when the Ni addition is low. With a melting point significantly lower than that of the high-melting-point principal elements, element Ni primarily segregates in the inter-dendritic regions of the BCC solid solution, and the size of these inter-dendritic regions gradually increases with higher Ni additions. Due to its lower formation enthalpy, the element Ni promotes the formation of AlNiTi-intermetallic compounds in the inter-dendritic regions. Additionally, driven by the increased Ti/Al concentration ratio in the melt pool, Ti<sub>3</sub>Al intermetallic compounds are formed. Meanwhile, the addition of Ni contributes to grain refinement through heterogeneous nucleation.</div><div>In terms of properties, with the increase of Ni addition, the microhardness of the coating improves due to the formation of hard intermetallic compounds or solid solutions in the inter-dendritic regions. Simultaneously, the addition of Ni enhances the room-temperature wear resistance of the coating, attributable to the combined effects of grain refinement strengthening and the pinning effect provided by the well-compatible intermetallic compounds. Regarding high-temperature wear resistance, the addition of Ni enhances the elevated temperature properties of the by slowing the oxidation rate of the inter-dendritic Ti element, owing to its stronger chemical affinity with Ti.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109139
İbrahim Çalış , Mustafa Sabri Gök , Azmi Erdoğan
CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys exhibit promising properties under various stress conditions and are currently the subject of extensive research. However, they can be significantly strengthened by adding different alloying elements and even undergoing surface modifications. For this purpose, this study investigated the effects of Mo addition and boriding on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of Al0.25CoCr1.5FeNi alloy. The boriding process, applied at 950 °C, resulted in a dense, continuous, approximately 50 μm thick borided zone on the surface. The phase changes in the alloy caused by the addition of Mo resulted in an increase in hardness from 6.7 GPa to 15.3 GPa. After the boriding process, surface hardness of 16.2–22.3 GPa was achieved. Elastic modulus values of 230 GPa were achieved with Mo and 295 GPa with boriding. Thanks to the increased mechanical properties, changes in alloy composition and boriding processes have reduced wear losses by up to 99 %. The coefficient of friction decreased from a range of 0.54–0.56 to a range of 0.31–0.34, depending on the applied load. This study includes a successful proposal for increasing the surface hardness and wear resistance of HEAs.
{"title":"Mo and boriding effect on microstructure, micro-nano mechanical properties and wear behavior of Al0.25CoCr1.5FeNi HEA","authors":"İbrahim Çalış , Mustafa Sabri Gök , Azmi Erdoğan","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys exhibit promising properties under various stress conditions and are currently the subject of extensive research. However, they can be significantly strengthened by adding different alloying elements and even undergoing surface modifications. For this purpose, this study investigated the effects of Mo addition and boriding on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of Al<sub>0.25</sub>CoCr<sub>1.5</sub>FeNi alloy. The boriding process, applied at 950 °C, resulted in a dense, continuous, approximately 50 μm thick borided zone on the surface. The phase changes in the alloy caused by the addition of Mo resulted in an increase in hardness from 6.7 GPa to 15.3 GPa. After the boriding process, surface hardness of 16.2–22.3 GPa was achieved. Elastic modulus values of 230 GPa were achieved with Mo and 295 GPa with boriding. Thanks to the increased mechanical properties, changes in alloy composition and boriding processes have reduced wear losses by up to 99 %. The coefficient of friction decreased from a range of 0.54–0.56 to a range of 0.31–0.34, depending on the applied load. This study includes a successful proposal for increasing the surface hardness and wear resistance of HEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109141
Zhiqiang Yu , Jin Qin , Wang Zhao , Bin Wang , Zhiyue Shi , Rui Wang , Xianwei Ren , Shaobin Bai , Gang Wang , Yandong Jia , Zhijie Yan
The effects of microalloying of Sc and Hf on the microstructure and intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of a cross-alloyed Al-Cu-Zn-Mg alloy were investigated. Results indicate that the addition of Sc and Hf significantly refines grain size in both as-cast and hot-rolled alloys, altering grain structure and multiscale precipitates characteristics. It was revealed that the corrosion behavior of the alloy transformed from severe intragranular corrosion into IGC after the addition of Sc. In contrast, the Hf-microalloyed alloy exhibited predominantly pitting with excellent IGC resistance. This was attributed to the segregation of Hf atoms at grain boundaries (GBs) suppressed the continuous precipitation of η and S phases, narrowing the precipitation-free zone (PFZ). The discontinuous distribution of grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) and the narrowed PFZ inhibited the anodic dissolution, thereby reducing IGC sensitivity. Interestingly, the Hf-containing alloy exhibit smaller grain sizes, a higher proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and coincident site lattices (CSL), which synergistically contribute to the enhanced IGC resistance.
{"title":"Multiscale precipitates in a cross-alloyed Al-Cu-Zn-Mg alloy to enhance intergranular corrosion resistance via microalloying of Sc and Hf","authors":"Zhiqiang Yu , Jin Qin , Wang Zhao , Bin Wang , Zhiyue Shi , Rui Wang , Xianwei Ren , Shaobin Bai , Gang Wang , Yandong Jia , Zhijie Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of microalloying of Sc and Hf on the microstructure and intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of a cross-alloyed Al-Cu-Zn-Mg alloy were investigated. Results indicate that the addition of Sc and Hf significantly refines grain size in both as-cast and hot-rolled alloys, altering grain structure and multiscale precipitates characteristics. It was revealed that the corrosion behavior of the alloy transformed from severe intragranular corrosion into IGC after the addition of Sc. In contrast, the Hf-microalloyed alloy exhibited predominantly pitting with excellent IGC resistance. This was attributed to the segregation of Hf atoms at grain boundaries (GBs) suppressed the continuous precipitation of η and S phases, narrowing the precipitation-free zone (PFZ). The discontinuous distribution of grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) and the narrowed PFZ inhibited the anodic dissolution, thereby reducing IGC sensitivity. Interestingly, the Hf-containing alloy exhibit smaller grain sizes, a higher proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and coincident site lattices (CSL), which synergistically contribute to the enhanced IGC resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109095
Ying Zheng , Guofu Lian , Meiyan Feng , Changrong Chen , Wei Zhang , Rongxin Chen , Yiheng Chi
TiAl alloys are widely applied in aerospace and energy industries owing to their high specific strength and lightweight advantages; however, their poor wear and corrosion resistance restricts broader use in harsh environments. In this study, SiC-reinforced composite coatings were fabricated on Ti-45Al-8Nb alloys using preheating-assisted laser cladding, with varying Y additions (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 at.%) to investigate the effects of Y content on microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior. Microstructural analysis revealed that moderate Y addition (≤1 at.%) promoted the precipitation of strengthening phases such as Ti2AlNb and Ti3SiC2, forming a stable reticulated structure. This refinement improved microstructural homogeneity and density, leading to enhanced hardness and wear resistance. The 1 at.% Y coating exhibited the highest fraction of strengthening phases, with well-aligned columnar and ridge-like structures, yielding the maximum hardness (664.908 HV0.2), the lowest friction coefficient (0.397), and the minimum wear rate (1.994 mm3/N·m). In addition, the reticulated structure facilitated the formation of a dense and stable passive film, thereby improving corrosion resistance: the corrosion potential of the 1 at.% Y coating increased to −0.460 V, the corrosion current density decreased to 1.234 × 10−7 A/cm2, and the charge transfer resistance rose to 5074 Ω cm2. By contrast, with higher Y additions (≥1.5 at.%), precipitation of strengthening phases was inhibited and microstructural uniformity deteriorated. In the 2 at.% Y coating, strip- and column-like agglomerates formed with reduced hard-phase content, resulting in decreased hardness, elevated friction coefficient, and diminished wear and corrosion resistance. This work provides new insights into rare-earth modification strategies for optimizing laser-cladded TiAl alloys and establishes a theoretical basis for designing high-performance TiAl alloys with superior wear and corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Influence of Y content on the microstructure, wear, and corrosion resistance of laser-clad SiC-reinforced high Nb-TiAl alloys","authors":"Ying Zheng , Guofu Lian , Meiyan Feng , Changrong Chen , Wei Zhang , Rongxin Chen , Yiheng Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiAl alloys are widely applied in aerospace and energy industries owing to their high specific strength and lightweight advantages; however, their poor wear and corrosion resistance restricts broader use in harsh environments. In this study, SiC-reinforced composite coatings were fabricated on Ti-45Al-8Nb alloys using preheating-assisted laser cladding, with varying Y additions (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 at.%) to investigate the effects of Y content on microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior. Microstructural analysis revealed that moderate Y addition (≤1 at.%) promoted the precipitation of strengthening phases such as Ti<sub>2</sub>AlNb and Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub>, forming a stable reticulated structure. This refinement improved microstructural homogeneity and density, leading to enhanced hardness and wear resistance. The 1 at.% Y coating exhibited the highest fraction of strengthening phases, with well-aligned columnar and ridge-like structures, yielding the maximum hardness (664.908 HV<sub>0.2</sub>), the lowest friction coefficient (0.397), and the minimum wear rate (1.994 mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m). In addition, the reticulated structure facilitated the formation of a dense and stable passive film, thereby improving corrosion resistance: the corrosion potential of the 1 at.% Y coating increased to −0.460 V, the corrosion current density decreased to 1.234 × 10<sup>−7</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, and the charge transfer resistance rose to 5074 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>. By contrast, with higher Y additions (≥1.5 at.%), precipitation of strengthening phases was inhibited and microstructural uniformity deteriorated. In the 2 at.% Y coating, strip- and column-like agglomerates formed with reduced hard-phase content, resulting in decreased hardness, elevated friction coefficient, and diminished wear and corrosion resistance. This work provides new insights into rare-earth modification strategies for optimizing laser-cladded TiAl alloys and establishes a theoretical basis for designing high-performance TiAl alloys with superior wear and corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109081
Nicholas Brooks , Lloyd Hackel , Keivan Davami
In this work the age-hardenability of alloy 625 (Inconel® 625) has been exploited by employing two surface engineering techniques known as laser peening and shot peening prior to aging to locally accelerate the nucleation and precipitation of γ՛՛ and δ intermetallic phases resulting in gradient precipitation hardening. Both laser peening and shot peening were observed to generate planar slip bands and dislocation tangles through work hardening resulting in different levels of strain hardening. A change in strengthening mechanisms was observed before and after aging where strain hardening yielded local gradient hardening prior to aging whereas a combination of precipitation and dislocation hardening was observed to further enhance gradient hardness following aging. The laser peened specimen was found to yield smaller and more densely packed γ՛՛precipitates in regions where lattice strain and increased microhardness were observed resulting from the planar slip bands and dislocation tangles generated prior to aging. Following aging of the shot peened specimen, coarse δ needle-like phases were observed at the near-surface with little observable γ՛՛ precipitates suggesting that the higher level of cold work imparted by shot peening, which resulted in a higher density of more narrowly spaced slip bands and dislocation tangles, accelerated the transformation from γ՛՛ → δ within the most intense strain hardened region. This is the first study in which the age-hardenability of alloy 625 has been exploited using these surface engineering techniques and provides insight into how these techniques can be employed as intermediate processing steps prior to aging to locally enhance precipitation kinetics.
{"title":"Gradient precipitation hardening in surface engineered alloy 625 following aging: Direct evidence of enhanced precipitation following local surface work hardening","authors":"Nicholas Brooks , Lloyd Hackel , Keivan Davami","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work the age-hardenability of alloy 625 (Inconel® 625) has been exploited by employing two surface engineering techniques known as laser peening and shot peening prior to aging to locally accelerate the nucleation and precipitation of γ՛՛ and δ intermetallic phases resulting in gradient precipitation hardening. Both laser peening and shot peening were observed to generate planar slip bands and dislocation tangles through work hardening resulting in different levels of strain hardening. A change in strengthening mechanisms was observed before and after aging where strain hardening yielded local gradient hardening prior to aging whereas a combination of precipitation and dislocation hardening was observed to further enhance gradient hardness following aging. The laser peened specimen was found to yield smaller and more densely packed γ՛՛precipitates in regions where lattice strain and increased microhardness were observed resulting from the planar slip bands and dislocation tangles generated prior to aging. Following aging of the shot peened specimen, coarse δ needle-like phases were observed at the near-surface with little observable γ՛՛ precipitates suggesting that the higher level of cold work imparted by shot peening, which resulted in a higher density of more narrowly spaced slip bands and dislocation tangles, accelerated the transformation from γ՛՛ → δ within the most intense strain hardened region. This is the first study in which the age-hardenability of alloy 625 has been exploited using these surface engineering techniques and provides insight into how these techniques can be employed as intermediate processing steps prior to aging to locally enhance precipitation kinetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109140
Bingxi Yu , Yongsheng Ren , Wenhui Ma , Yun Lei , Kazuki Morita , Shu Zhan
Enhancing the room-temperature strength of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) through elemental doping represents an economical alternative. In this study, a series of Si-doped as-cast CrMnFeCoNiSix (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) HEAs were fabricated via vacuum induction melting (VIM). The effects of Si content over a wide range on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these alloys was systematically investigated. The results indicate that exceeding the solubility limit of Si promotes the formation of hard and brittle Mn–Ni–Si silicide phases. With increasing Si content, the microstructure transitions from a single FCC phase to a dual-phase structure comprising FCC and silicide, with the silicide morphology evolving from initially granular to dendritic. Consequently, both hardness and strength of the as-cast alloys are significantly improved: hardness increases from 139.05 ± 4.54 HV1 to 308.31 ± 7.05 HV1, and yield strength rises from 194 ± 8.50 MPa to 422 ± 11.00 MPa. However, excessive Si addition severely degrades ductility. By analyzing the microstructure-property relationship, the strengthening mechanism of the CrMnFeCoNiSi-based HEAs was evaluated. The analysis indicates that precipitation strengthening by the hard and brittle silicide phases is the primary mechanism responsible for the strength enhancement.
{"title":"Influence of Si microalloying strategy on microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of as-cast CrMnFeCoNiSix (x=0.1–0.5) high-entropy alloys","authors":"Bingxi Yu , Yongsheng Ren , Wenhui Ma , Yun Lei , Kazuki Morita , Shu Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the room-temperature strength of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) through elemental doping represents an economical alternative. In this study, a series of Si-doped as-cast CrMnFeCoNiSi<sub>x</sub> (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) HEAs were fabricated via vacuum induction melting (VIM). The effects of Si content over a wide range on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these alloys was systematically investigated. The results indicate that exceeding the solubility limit of Si promotes the formation of hard and brittle Mn–Ni–Si silicide phases. With increasing Si content, the microstructure transitions from a single FCC phase to a dual-phase structure comprising FCC and silicide, with the silicide morphology evolving from initially granular to dendritic. Consequently, both hardness and strength of the as-cast alloys are significantly improved: hardness increases from 139.05 ± 4.54 HV<sub>1</sub> to 308.31 ± 7.05 HV<sub>1</sub>, and yield strength rises from 194 ± 8.50 MPa to 422 ± 11.00 MPa. However, excessive Si addition severely degrades ductility. By analyzing the microstructure-property relationship, the strengthening mechanism of the CrMnFeCoNiSi-based HEAs was evaluated. The analysis indicates that precipitation strengthening by the hard and brittle silicide phases is the primary mechanism responsible for the strength enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 109140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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