Forensic Science International: Reports最新文献_第6页

Fatal poisonings in Nordic countries in 2022 among people who use drugs 2022年北欧国家吸毒人群的致命中毒

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100408

Pirkko Kriikku , Hilde Marie E. Edvardsen , Gunilla Thelander , Svava Thordardottir , Charlotte Uggerhøj Andersen , Ilkka Ojanperä , Anna K. Jönsson , Joachim Frost , Simon Kjær Hermansen , Gerd J.M. Delaveris , Kirsten Wiese Simonsen

The present study is a survey of fatal poisonings occurring in 2022 among people who use drugs (PWUD) in the Nordic countries. This is the eighth report in a series of studies on PWUD conducted about every fifth year since 1984 by a working group representing Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.Data on the number of deaths, gender, age, place of death, main intoxicant, and drugs detected in blood were recorded. National data were compared between the Nordic countries as well as with the earlier studies. The death rate (number of deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) among PWUD in 2022 was highest in Norway (8.03), followed by Iceland (7.20) and Finland (5.95), and lowest in Denmark (5.09). This rate increased in all countries compared to 2017, except in Sweden, which saw a decrease from 6.46 to 5.91. The change was only statistically significant in Norway. Most deaths occurred among men, with women accounting for 16–23 %. The median age at the time of death among PWUD was 40–43 years in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, while it was about ten years younger in Finland and Iceland (median age 33 years). Opioids were the main cause of PWUD death in all countries. The proportion of opioid deaths amounted to 73–89 % and was lowest in Denmark and highest in Iceland. New psychoactive substances (NPS) were sporadically detected in all countries but were rarely the main intoxicant. The largest diversity of NPS was detected in Finland and Sweden.

本研究是对2022年北欧国家吸毒者（PWUD）中发生的致命中毒的调查。这是由一个代表丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典的工作组自1984年以来每隔五年进行的一系列关于和平与发展问题的研究中的第八份报告。记录了有关死亡人数、性别、年龄、死亡地点、主要麻醉品和血液中检测到的药物的数据。北欧国家之间的国家数据以及与早期研究的数据进行了比较。2022年，贫困地区居民的死亡率（每10万居民死亡人数）最高的是挪威（8.03），其次是冰岛（7.20）和芬兰（5.95），最低的是丹麦（5.09）。与2017年相比，所有国家的这一比率都有所上升，但瑞典从6.46下降到5.91。这一变化仅在挪威有统计学意义。大多数死亡发生在男性中，女性占16 - 23% %。丹麦、挪威和瑞典的PWUD患者死亡时的中位年龄为40-43岁，而芬兰和冰岛的中位年龄约年轻10岁（中位年龄33岁）。阿片类药物是所有国家puwud死亡的主要原因。阿片类药物死亡比例为73-89 %，丹麦最低，冰岛最高。在所有国家都偶尔发现新的精神活性物质（NPS），但很少是主要的麻醉剂。芬兰和瑞典的NPS多样性最大。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of the impact of fabric composition and color on the visualization of biological traces and lubricants using the Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO 使用Foster + Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO评估织物成分和颜色对生物痕迹和润滑剂可视化的影响

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100401

Dagmara Lisman , Ilona Savochka , Emilia Żarczyńska , Andrzej Ossowski

The effective visualisation of biological traces, such as blood, semen, saliva, urine, and lubricants, is crucial in forensic investigations. The Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO is a tool used to detect these traces by employing different wavelengths of light. This study investigates how fabric type and colour influence the effectiveness of this device in identifying biological and lubricant traces. This study evaluates how fabric composition and colour affect the effectiveness of biological trace and lubricant visualisation using the Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO device. Various fabrics and substances were analysed to determine the optimal conditions for detection. Both natural and synthetic fabrics were tested under different lighting conditions provided by the device. The visibility of biological traces and lubricants was examined across multiple wavelengths, including the visible and infrared spectra. Key parameters such as fabric composition, colour, and stain concentration were assessed. The findings indicate that both the chemical composition and colour of fabrics play a significant role in the effectiveness of biological trace and lubricant visualisation. The Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO device was effective in detecting biological traces when optimal conditions were met. However, the variability in results highlights the need for tailored approaches depending on fabric type and colour.

有效地可视化生物痕迹，如血液、精液、唾液、尿液和润滑剂，在法医调查中至关重要。福斯特+ Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO是一种通过采用不同波长的光来检测这些痕迹的工具。本研究探讨织物类型和颜色如何影响该装置在识别生物和润滑剂痕迹方面的有效性。本研究评估织物成分和颜色如何影响使用福斯特+ Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO设备的生物痕迹和润滑剂可视化效果。对各种织物和物质进行了分析，以确定最佳检测条件。在设备提供的不同照明条件下，对天然和合成织物进行了测试。通过多个波长（包括可见光和红外光谱）检测生物痕迹和润滑剂的可见性。关键参数，如织物成分，颜色和染色浓度进行了评估。研究结果表明，织物的化学成分和颜色在生物痕迹和润滑剂可视化的有效性中起着重要作用。Foster + Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO设备在满足最佳条件时有效检测生物痕迹。然而，结果的可变性突出了根据织物类型和颜色定制方法的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

A review of practical approach in suspected infanticide deaths 对疑似杀婴死亡的实际处理方法的回顾

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100420

Lii Jye Tan , Beng Beng Ong , Nur Syahrina Rahim , Cai Ping Koh , Mohammad Shafie Othman , Zhao Peng Koo , Shau-Kong Lai

Determining stillbirth or livebirth in cases of infant abandonment is a complex and challenging task in autopsy practice. This distinction is crucial in determining whether the death is link to natural causes or potentially involves criminal implications. This review critically examines current methodologies in postmortem investigations of newborn deaths, emphasizing the importance of accurately distinguishing between stillbirth and livebirth. Our goal is to provide a thorough checklist for forensic practitioners by analyzing pathological, radiological, and biochemical parameters in suspected infanticide investigations. Enhancing the accuracy of these investigations not only aids the judicial process but also serves as a deterrent against newborn abandonment or infanticide. Ultimately, the implementation of stringent legal measures against newborn abandonment is expected to reduce the incidence of infanticide and improve neonatal survival rates.

在尸检实践中，确定婴儿遗弃情况下的死产或活产是一项复杂而具有挑战性的任务。这种区别对于确定死亡是与自然原因有关还是可能涉及刑事问题至关重要。这篇综述严格审查了目前新生儿死亡尸检调查的方法，强调了准确区分死产和活产的重要性。我们的目标是通过分析疑似杀婴调查中的病理、放射学和生化参数，为法医从业者提供一份全面的检查清单。提高这些调查的准确性不仅有助于司法程序，而且对遗弃新生儿或杀害婴儿起到威慑作用。最终，针对遗弃新生儿的严格法律措施的实施有望减少杀婴事件的发生，提高新生儿存活率。

引用次数: 0

Firearm fatalities in Dammam: A forensic retrospective study 达曼的枪支死亡：一项法医回顾性研究

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100410

Magdy Kharoshah , Maram Aabdulghani AlFarayedhi , Abdullah AlBouijan , Noua AlOtaibi , AbdulRahman Waheed AlDossary , Ibrahim AlAboudi , Sahar Issa

Background

Numerous nations have released studies on lethal firearm injuries. Nonetheless, there has been little documentation of their occurrence and pattern in various parts of Saudi Arabia and other Arab Countries.

Methods

The present study was conducted to investigate fatal firearm injuries in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, during 2013–2023. All investigated victims were referred to the mortuary of the Forensic Medicine Department, Dammam.

Results

The study investigated all firearm deaths in Dammam. Most of the victims were Saudi Nationals. Homicidal victims (N = 88) surpassed the suicidal cases (N = 24). Rifled weapons were the most common weapon used in both groups. Head wounds were much more common in suicides (70.8 %) compared to homicides (34.1 %) (p = 0.001). Toxicological findings confirmed more Cannabis in homicide cases and more Ethanol in suicide cases.

Conclusions

The current findings were contradictory to the pattern seen in other countries where suicides were the predominant group.

许多国家已经发布了关于致命火器伤害的研究报告。然而，在沙特阿拉伯和其他阿拉伯国家的不同地区，几乎没有关于其发生和模式的文件。方法对2013-2023年沙特阿拉伯达曼地区的致命火器伤害进行调查。所有被调查的受害者都被送到达曼法医部的太平间。结果该研究调查了达曼所有枪支死亡事件。大多数遇难者是沙特国民。杀人者（N = 88人）超过了自杀者（N = 24人）。膛线武器是两组人中最常用的武器。头部受伤在自杀（70.8% %）中比在他杀（34.1% %）中更为常见（p = 0.001）。毒理学调查结果证实，大麻在杀人案件中占比更高，酒精在自杀案件中占比更高。结论：目前的研究结果与其他国家的模式相矛盾，在其他国家，自杀是主要群体。

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引用次数: 0

Biological sex and stature estimations from dry sternum: A population-specific study in Northeastern Thais 从干胸骨判断生物性别和身高：泰国东北部一项特定人群的研究

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100419

Chanasorn Poodendaen , Supawadee Klaikran , Atithaya Maihong , Narawadee Choompoo , Suthat Duangchit , Worrawit Boonthai , Nareelak Tangsrisakda , Supatcharee Arun , Chadaporn Chaimontri , Sitthichai Iamsaard

Background

Biological sex determination and stature estimation are crucial components to establish the biological profiling for human identification. The population-specific standards are still needed to apply for accurate assessment. Sternum has been demonstrated to have high sexual dimorphism in many populations, but has not yet been adequately studied in Northeastern Thais to be applied in cases where traditional bones are not available or fragmented. This study, therefore, aimed to develop the standard measurements in Northeastern Thai sternum.

Materials and Methods

The study examined 390 dry sterna (200 males, 190 females) collected from identified Thai skeletons. The length of manubrium, manubrium width, three corpus stern widths, and sternal body length were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. Logistic regression analysis was used for biological sex determination and the linear regression was employed to estimate the stature.

Results

All sternal parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism. The optimized multivariate model for biological sex determination using four sternal parameters achieved approximately 83.6 % classification accuracy. For stature estimation, the combined equation using three measurements revealed the strongest correlation (r = 0.588) with a Standard Error of Estimate (SEE) of 6.24 cm. Sex-specific equations showed the improved precision of male SEE = 5.871 cm and of female SEE = 5.798 cm, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provided the standards for biological sex determination and stature estimation from sternal measurements. Dry sternum can be useful for sex dimorphism and stature evaluation in forensic identification for Northeastern Thai population when the classical bones like complete pelvis, skull, or long bones are unavailable.

生物性别测定和身高估计是建立人类身份识别的生物图谱的重要组成部分。目前仍需要针对特定人群的标准来进行准确的评估。在许多人群中，胸骨已被证明具有高度的性别二态性，但尚未在泰国东北部进行充分研究，以应用于传统骨骼不可用或破碎的情况。因此，本研究旨在制定泰国东北部胸骨的标准测量方法。材料和方法本研究检查了从已确认的泰国骨骼中收集的390块干胸骨（200块男性，190块女性）。使用数字游标卡尺测量柄柄长度、柄柄宽度、三个体尾宽度和胸骨体长度。生物性别测定采用Logistic回归分析，身高估算采用线性回归分析。结果所有胸骨参数均表现出明显的性别二态性。使用四个胸骨参数进行生物性别测定的优化多元模型的分类准确率约为83.6 %。对于身高估算，使用三个测量值的组合方程显示出最强的相关性（r = 0.588），估计的标准误差（SEE）为6.24 cm。性别特异性方程表明，雄性SEE = 5.871 cm和雌性SEE = 5.798 cm的精度有所提高。结论本研究为生物性别判定和胸骨身高估算提供了依据。在泰国东北部人群的法医鉴定中，当没有完整的骨盆、颅骨或长骨等经典骨骼时，干胸骨可用于性别二态性和身材评估。

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引用次数: 0

Cold case report: Geoforensic brownfield site search for murder victim based on prison informant lead 悬案报告：根据监狱线人的线索，法医在棕地搜索谋杀受害者

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100404

Jamie K. Pringle , Andrew Binley , Kristopher D. Wisniewski , Ben Davenward , Vivienne G. Heaton , Georgina E. Handley

Cold case searches for the missing can be challenging, especially when the convicted perpetrator may or may not be giving forensic investigators truthful information. This paper reports on a cold case search for a teenage girl who was reported missing during the mid-2000s in north-west England, with this being the second area searched following the disclosure of information by a suspect prison cellmate. The disused search area had many uses, including an animal sanctuary after the girl went missing. Initial police ground searches proved unsuccessful in locating the victim. Geoforensic search aims was to use geophysics to identify potential burial position(s) within the search site priority areas to be then forensically investigated. A multi-phased geoforensic search was conducted, initially forensic botany removed vegetation back to when the girl went missing, electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys then identified potential burial areas, before ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were also collected in other areas to identify near-surface buried object positions. The EMI and GPR identified priority targets were then forensically excavated, with several isolated animal burials recovered and a drainage pipe identified to be cause of other geophysical targets, which gave confidence that any burials onsite could be identified geophysically. No case-relevant material was found. The case presented suggests these geoforensic approaches provide assurances to rule out forensic search locations, saving time and costs in such cold case investigations.

寻找失踪人员的悬案可能是一项挑战，特别是当被定罪的犯罪者可能向法医调查人员提供或不提供真实信息时。本文报道了2000年代中期在英格兰西北部对一名失踪少女的悬案搜索，这是继一名可疑狱友泄露信息后的第二个搜索区域。这个废弃的搜索区域有很多用途，包括在女孩失踪后成为一个动物保护区。警方最初的地面搜索未能找到受害者。地质法医搜索的目的是利用地球物理学在搜索地点优先区域内确定可能的埋葬位置，然后进行法医调查。进行了多阶段的地质法医搜索，最初法医植物学将植被移回女孩失踪时，电磁感应（EMI）测量然后确定潜在的埋葬区域，然后在其他区域收集探地雷达（GPR）测量以确定近地表埋藏物体的位置。然后对电磁干扰和探地雷达确定的优先目标进行了法医挖掘，发现了几个孤立的动物埋葬，并确定了一个排水管是其他地球物理目标的原因，这使人们相信现场的任何埋葬都可以在地球物理上进行识别。未发现与病例相关的材料。所提出的案件表明，这些地理法医学方法保证排除法医搜查地点，节省了此类悬案调查的时间和费用。

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引用次数: 0

Forward Spatter Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: AO Estimation Using Image Processing and Numerical Modeling 前向飞溅血迹模式分析：使用图像处理和数值模拟的AO估计

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100416

Aylin Yalçın Sarıbey , Fatma Nida Ocak

The aim of examining the forward spatter bloodstain patterns of gunshot wounds is to accurately describe the relationship between the victim, the culprit, and the crime scene. The purpose of this study is to determine the approximate location of the blood source, i.e. the victim, at the crime scene by using an image processing and numerical modeling approach. To achieve this, an experimental setup is designed with cardstocks and a cow blood-soaked sponge. In total, twenty forward spatter patterns are obtained onto cardstocks after successful shootings. In the post-processing phase, ellipses on the cardstocks are detected by processing the forward spatters in MATLAB. To achieve this, ellipse properties are identified for calculating the impact angles. The impact angles are then utilized as inputs to the tangent method within the program to estimate the Area of Origin (AO_x). For visualization, 2D and 3D images are generated. In conclusion, it is observed that the program works the best in determining the AO_x, for the scenarios where the real AO_x distances (blood source to target distances) are 35 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm respectively. The program’s weakness while determining AO_x for the source distance of 5 cm is also reported. It is necessary to improve the program for short blood source-to-target distances and long shooting distances. It can be concluded that image quality is also a key factor for post-processing as it might mislead the results with visible ellipses.

检查枪伤的前向飞溅血迹模式的目的是准确地描述受害者、罪犯和犯罪现场之间的关系。本研究的目的是通过使用图像处理和数值模拟方法来确定血源，即受害者在犯罪现场的大致位置。为了达到这个目的，我们设计了一个实验装置，用卡纸和牛血浸泡过的海绵。在成功射击后，总共有20种向前的飞溅图案被记录在卡片上。在后处理阶段，通过MATLAB对前向溅射进行处理，检测出卡纸上的椭圆。为了实现这一点，确定了椭圆属性来计算撞击角。然后将撞击角度用作程序内切线方法的输入，以估计原点面积（AOx）。为了可视化，生成了2D和3D图像。综上所述，可以观察到该程序在确定AOx时效果最好，因为实际AOx距离（血源到目标的距离）分别为35 cm， 50 cm和100 cm。该程序在确定源距离为5 cm时的AOx时的弱点也被报道。对于较短的血源-靶距离和较远的射击距离，有必要对程序进行改进。可以得出结论，图像质量也是后处理的关键因素，因为它可能会使可见的椭圆误导结果。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing forensic sex identification through AI-based analysis of the foramen magnum 通过基于人工智能的枕骨大孔分析增强法医性别鉴定

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100411

Sirinart Chomean , Natipong Chatthai , Napakorn Sangchay , Chollanot Kaset

Sex estimation from skeletal remains is an essential task in forensic anthropology. Traditional morphological analysis, while effective, can be time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variability. This study evaluates artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods, specifically object detection and instance segmentation, for sex estimation using the foramen magnum (FM). A total of 600 adult dry skull images (300 males, 300 females) were labeled and augmented to create a dataset of 2280 images, which was split into training (92 %), validation (5 %), and test (3 %) sets. The models were trained using Roboflow and assessed based on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), with additional validation performed on 30 independent skulls. The object detection model demonstrated strong performance, achieving high precision (95.0 %) and recall (100.0 %) in training, with precision values of 93.0 % and 89.0 % in validation and test sets, respectively, while maintaining 100.0 % recall across datasets. In the independent test set, the model achieved 75.0 %specificity. The instance segmentation method yielded lower performance, with specificity of 68.75 %. The overall accuracy of the object detection method was 65.68 % (95 % CI: 46.19 % - 81.64 %), outperforming the instance segmentation method, which achieved an accuracy of 62.69 % (95 % CI: 43.22 % - 79.55 %). Although AI-based methods, particularly object detection, show potential for forensic sex estimation from foramen magnum, the results indicate that their accuracy remains lower than traditional morphometric approaches. Future research should focus on integrating additional cranial features and expanding the training dataset to enhance model reliability and generalizability.

骨骸性别鉴定是法医人类学的一项重要工作。传统的形态分析虽然有效，但可能耗时且受观察者之间差异的影响。本研究评估了基于人工智能（AI）的方法，特别是对象检测和实例分割，用于使用枕骨大孔（FM）进行性别估计。总共600张成人干颅骨图像（300张男性，300张女性）被标记和增强，创建了2280张图像的数据集，该数据集分为训练集（92张 %），验证集（5张 %）和测试集（3张 %）。使用Roboflow对模型进行训练，并根据敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）进行评估，并在30个独立颅骨上进行额外验证。目标检测模型表现出较强的性能，在训练中实现了较高的准确率（95.0 %）和召回率（100.0 %），在验证集和测试集上的准确率分别为93.0 %和89.0 %，同时在数据集上保持了100.0 %的召回率。在独立测试集中，该模型的特异性达到了75.0 %。实例分割方法的效果较差，特异性为68.75 %。目标检测方法的总体准确率为65.68 %(95 % CI: 46.19 % ~ 81.64 %)，优于实例分割方法，后者的准确率为62.69 %（95 % CI: 43.22 % ~ 79.55 %）。尽管基于人工智能的方法，特别是物体检测，显示出从枕骨大孔进行法医性别估计的潜力，但结果表明，它们的准确性仍然低于传统的形态测量方法。未来的研究应集中于整合额外的颅骨特征和扩展训练数据集，以提高模型的可靠性和泛化性。

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引用次数: 0

Species identification of avian feathers in Japanese Habouki using feather morphological and molecular testing 利用羽毛形态学和分子检测对日本Habouki鸟类羽毛进行种类鉴定

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100415

Nana Ushine , Isao Nishiumi , Higuchi Aki , Aki Tanaka , Ayano Mori , Nanami Tsuchiya , Shin-ichi Hayama

Habouki is a tool used in Japanese tea ceremonies consisting of a bundle of feathers from birds of prey and waterfowl. Habouki often include feathers from avian species that are legally protected. In this study, we examined three types of Habouki (Zabaki, Tsukamibane, and Mitsubane) suspected of containing feathers from legally protected species and conducted species identification through feather morphological examination and molecular analysis. Morphological examinations and molecular biological analyses targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 region were conducted using the barbs of Habouki feathers. Genetic analysis revealed that Zabaki contained feathers from Aquila chrysaetos (genetic difference between Habouki feather and the control sample; 0.02 %), Tsukamibane contained Cygnus columbianus (0.16 %), and Mitsubane contained Ciconia boyciana (0.05 %). In the morphological examinations based on shape, color, and size, the Zabaki feather was presumed to be the rectrices of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), the Tsukamibane feather was the tertials of Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) and Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus), and the Mitsubane feather was the secondary and tertial feathers of the Japanese White Stork (Ciconia boyciana). Habouki are currently not being produced. To safeguard the continuity of Japanese tea ceremony culture, it is crucial to protect Habouki and prevent illegal activities such as poaching. When determining whether feathers belong to rare species, it is recommended to conduct feather morphological examinations rather than molecular biological examinations, which destroy Habouki.

Habouki是日本茶道中使用的一种工具，由一束猛禽和水禽的羽毛组成。Habouki通常包括受法律保护的鸟类的羽毛。本研究对三种疑似含有法律保护物种羽毛的鸟（Zabaki、Tsukamibane和mitsubishi）进行了检测，并通过羽毛形态学检查和分子分析进行了物种鉴定。利用Habouki羽倒刺进行了细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1区的形态学检查和分子生物学分析。遗传分析表明，Zabaki含有金凤蝶羽毛（Habouki羽毛与对照样本遗传差异）；冢毒班含哥伦比亚Cygnus(0.16 %)，三菱班含白鹤Cygnus boyciana（0.05 %）。根据形状、颜色和大小的形态学检查，认为扎崎羽是金鹰（Aquila chrysaetos）的羽毛，冢冢羽是大天鹅（Cygnus Cygnus）和苔原天鹅（Cygnus columbianus）的三甲羽毛，三菱羽是日本白鹳（Ciconia boyciana）的二甲羽毛和三甲羽毛。Habouki目前还没有生产。为了维护日本茶道文化的延续性，保护好Habouki，防止偷猎等非法活动至关重要。在确定羽毛是否属于稀有物种时，建议进行羽毛形态学检查，而不是分子生物学检查，因为分子生物学检查会破坏Habouki。

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引用次数: 0

PSA is not suitable as a reliable marker for seminal fluid in rectal samples collected post-mortem PSA不适合作为死后直肠精液样本的可靠标记物

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100409

Corine Müller, Elie Pascolo Tièche, Martin Zieger

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests are used in forensic examinations of sexual offences to indicate the presence of seminal fluid. Based on a retrospective analysis of 484 forensic samples collected in sexual assault cases, we observed a significant enrichment of potentially misleading tests for seminal fluid, for samples collected post-mortem. Reduced reliability of PSA testing for the indication of the presence of ejaculate in samples collected post-mortem has already been reported previously. However, previous studies either included only a small number of rectal samples, particularly from female cadavers, or were based on vaginal swabs. In our study, 34 female and 67 male rectal swab samples collected post-mortem were analysed. The rate of positive SERATEC® PSA Semiquant tests was 33 % for women and 67 % for men. Using male specific qPCR, male DNA was detected in only one of the female samples, indicating a high false-positive rate for both sexes when using SERATEC® PSA Semiquant tests as indicators for the presence of seminal liquid post mortem. Different degrees of decomposition showed no significant correlation with the PSA positivity rate. As expected, a significant correlation between the sex of the deceased individuals and the PSA test result could be demonstrated. The study demonstrates the very limited probative value of PSA as a marker for seminal fluid post mortem.

前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）测试用于性犯罪的法医检查，以表明精液的存在。基于对在性侵犯案件中收集的484个法医样本的回顾性分析，我们观察到，在死后收集的样本中，精液的检测可能会有很大的误导性。PSA检测在死后采集的样本中是否存在射精的可靠性降低，此前已有报道。然而，以前的研究要么只包括少数直肠样本，特别是来自女性尸体的样本，要么是基于阴道拭子。在我们的研究中，分析了34名女性和67名男性在死后收集的直肠拭子样本。SERATEC®PSA半定量检测阳性率女性为33% %，男性为67% %。使用男性特异性qPCR，仅在一个女性样本中检测到男性DNA，这表明当使用SERATEC®PSA Semiquant测试作为死后精液存在的指标时，两性的假阳性率都很高。不同分解程度与PSA阳性率无显著相关性。正如预期的那样，死亡个体的性别和PSA检测结果之间存在显著的相关性。该研究表明PSA作为死后精液标记物的证明价值非常有限。

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