Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101681
D. Nagashree , A.M. Deepika , D. Shabnam , Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen
Cubosomes have gained increasingly popular as nanostructured carriers in dermatological applications due to their unique BI continuous cubic shape, which allows for effective loading and regulated release of a wide range of bioactive substances. Traditional topical formulations are frequently limited by inadequate skin penetration, unstable active chemicals, and the possibility of systemic side effects, particularly in skin cancer care and sophisticated cosmetic operations. Cubosomes, on the other hand, offer advantages such as enhanced skin retention, site-specific drug administration, and high biocompatibility. A recent study shows that they are effective at transporting chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers, antioxidants, peptides, and vitamins for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Furthermore, developments in stimuli-responsive architectures and ligand-modified cubosomes suggest more accurate and individualized dermatological delivery techniques. Cubosomes form a versatile and evolving platform with great potential for improving skin-directed medicines and cosmetic applications.
{"title":"Cubosomes as smart nanocarriers in targeted therapy of skin cancer and cosmetic delivery systems","authors":"D. Nagashree , A.M. Deepika , D. Shabnam , Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cubosomes have gained increasingly popular as nanostructured carriers in dermatological applications due to their unique BI continuous cubic shape, which allows for effective loading and regulated release of a wide range of bioactive substances. Traditional topical formulations are frequently limited by inadequate skin penetration, unstable active chemicals, and the possibility of systemic side effects, particularly in skin cancer care and sophisticated cosmetic operations. Cubosomes, on the other hand, offer advantages such as enhanced skin retention, site-specific drug administration, and high biocompatibility. A recent study shows that they are effective at transporting chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers, antioxidants, peptides, and vitamins for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Furthermore, developments in stimuli-responsive architectures and ligand-modified cubosomes suggest more accurate and individualized dermatological delivery techniques. Cubosomes form a versatile and evolving platform with great potential for improving skin-directed medicines and cosmetic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101681"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101678
Nasreen Sayed, Stanly Zachariah, Vijayaraghavan G V, Ravanan Indirajith
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via an eco-friendly green route using Achyranthes bidentata leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The extract was prepared by stirring fresh leaves in distilled water at 60 °C, followed by mixing with Zinc nitrate hexahydrate precursor and calcining at 400 °C to yield phase-pure ZnO. Utilizing a fixed precursor concentration optimized at 50 wt% ensured consistent nucleation kinetics and defect formation, facilitating a focused investigation into structure–property correlations without compositional variability. Comprehensive characterisation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting quasi-spherical morphologies influenced by phytochemical capping. The optical bandgap, determined via Tauc’s method, was estimated at ∼3.2 eV, indicating preserved semiconducting behavior and optical transparency. Dielectric analysis revealed a high dielectric constant (112 at 1 kHz), moderate loss (0.08), a very low activation energy Ea≈ 1.3 × 10 −4, Ea≈ 1.3 × 10 −4 eV, and enhanced AC conductivity (1.2 × 10⁻⁶ S·m⁻¹), Debye relaxation analysis confirms interfacial polarization with τ = 3.08 ms, f_max ≈ 52 Hz (R² = 0.747), establishing quantitative mechanism for high-K performance. all arising from defect-assisted hopping and Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization, as well as space-charge and dipolar polarization mechanisms facilitated by the nanoscale morphology and bio-derived surface functional groups of the green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that Achyranthes bidentata-mediated synthesis is a promising sustainable platform for producing high-K dielectric ZnO nanomaterials suitable for capacitors, optoelectronic devices, and electroceramics. The targeted single-composition approach advances understanding of bio-assisted formation mechanisms and their impact on dielectric performance, establishing a foundation for future eco-friendly electronic materials.
{"title":"Green synthesis and dielectric characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Achyranthes bidentata leaf extract","authors":"Nasreen Sayed, Stanly Zachariah, Vijayaraghavan G V, Ravanan Indirajith","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via an eco-friendly green route using <em>Achyranthes bidentata</em> leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The extract was prepared by stirring fresh leaves in distilled water at 60 °C, followed by mixing with Zinc nitrate hexahydrate precursor and calcining at 400 °C to yield phase-pure ZnO. Utilizing a fixed precursor concentration optimized at 50 wt% ensured consistent nucleation kinetics and defect formation, facilitating a focused investigation into structure–property correlations without compositional variability. Comprehensive characterisation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting quasi-spherical morphologies influenced by phytochemical capping. The optical bandgap, determined via Tauc’s method, was estimated at ∼3.2 eV, indicating preserved semiconducting behavior and optical transparency. Dielectric analysis revealed a high dielectric constant (112 at 1 kHz), moderate loss (0.08), a very low activation energy E<sub>a</sub>≈ 1.3 × 10 −4, E<sub>a</sub>≈ 1.3 × 10 −4 eV, and enhanced AC conductivity (1.2 × 10⁻⁶ S·m⁻¹), Debye relaxation analysis confirms interfacial polarization with τ = 3.08 ms, f_max ≈ 52 Hz (R² = 0.747), establishing quantitative mechanism for high-K performance. all arising from defect-assisted hopping and Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization, as well as space-charge and dipolar polarization mechanisms facilitated by the nanoscale morphology and bio-derived surface functional groups of the green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that <em>Achyranthes bidentata</em>-mediated synthesis is a promising sustainable platform for producing high-K dielectric ZnO nanomaterials suitable for capacitors, optoelectronic devices, and electroceramics. The targeted single-composition approach advances understanding of bio-assisted formation mechanisms and their impact on dielectric performance, establishing a foundation for future eco-friendly electronic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101678"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101709
Muhammad Fauzi , Budhy Kurniawan , Anggito P. Tetuko , Amdy Fachredzy , Muhammad A.H. Nabawi , Eko A. Setiadi
The building sector contributes substantially to global energy consumption and CO2 emissions, while air-conditioning demand further emphasizes the need for efficient thermal management strategies. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems based on phase change materials (PCMs) offer strategies to improve building energy efficiency and support renewable energy utilization. This study developed paraffin based PCMs composites enhanced with Fe3O4 nanoparticles at mass fractions of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% and stabilized using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) at a 1:2 mass ratio relative to Fe3O4. The composites were prepared through magnetic stirring and ultrasonication, followed by evaluation of physicochemical compatibility, microstructural stability, thermophysical properties, thermal reliability, concrete performance, and numerical phase change behavior. The results confirmed compatibility and stable dispersion between paraffin, SDBS, and Fe3O4. The 7 wt% Fe3O4 composite achieved thermal conductivity of 0.42 W/m·K, corresponding to a 60.73% enhancement compared with pristine paraffin. All composites retained latent heat values above 150 J/g, with enthalpy efficiency above 90%, indicating reliable heat storage. Thermal stability analysis showed that the composites remained stable above the phase change operating range. Macro encapsulation tests in concrete demonstrated heat absorption and delayed heat transfer, producing a temperature difference of up to 50 °C between exposed and shielded surfaces. Numerical simulation supported the results by showing faster melting and more uniform temperature distribution with increasing Fe3O4 content. Overall, the 7 wt% Fe3O4 composite showed the best balance between thermal conductivity enhancement, latent heat retention, and thermal stability, demonstrating potential for concrete integrated TES systems in energy efficient buildings.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of Fe3O4 enhanced composite phase change materials incorporated in concrete with a novel tube-and-fin macro-encapsulation for thermal energy storage","authors":"Muhammad Fauzi , Budhy Kurniawan , Anggito P. Tetuko , Amdy Fachredzy , Muhammad A.H. Nabawi , Eko A. Setiadi","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The building sector contributes substantially to global energy consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, while air-conditioning demand further emphasizes the need for efficient thermal management strategies. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems based on phase change materials (PCMs) offer strategies to improve building energy efficiency and support renewable energy utilization. This study developed paraffin based PCMs composites enhanced with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles at mass fractions of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% and stabilized using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) at a 1:2 mass ratio relative to Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The composites were prepared through magnetic stirring and ultrasonication, followed by evaluation of physicochemical compatibility, microstructural stability, thermophysical properties, thermal reliability, concrete performance, and numerical phase change behavior. The results confirmed compatibility and stable dispersion between paraffin, SDBS, and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The 7 wt% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite achieved thermal conductivity of 0.42 W/m·K, corresponding to a 60.73% enhancement compared with pristine paraffin. All composites retained latent heat values above 150 J/g, with enthalpy efficiency above 90%, indicating reliable heat storage. Thermal stability analysis showed that the composites remained stable above the phase change operating range. Macro encapsulation tests in concrete demonstrated heat absorption and delayed heat transfer, producing a temperature difference of up to 50 °C between exposed and shielded surfaces. Numerical simulation supported the results by showing faster melting and more uniform temperature distribution with increasing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> content. Overall, the 7 wt% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite showed the best balance between thermal conductivity enhancement, latent heat retention, and thermal stability, demonstrating potential for concrete integrated TES systems in energy efficient buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101709"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101698
Fizza Saleem , Amir Hosseinvand
This article provides an in-depth overview of how much has changed with respect to intelligent AI-guided chitosan-based packaging systems specifically for predictive food preservation. Chitosan is a biopolymer that is biodegradable, as well as antimicrobial. The authors present a "programmatic" or "data-driven" way to think about it and mention Chitosan as a polymer that because of its tunability can serve in an adaptive and innovative way to provide sustainable types of packaging. In this article, the authors present empirical formulation methods have moved to AI-accelerated way to make use of machine learning and polymer informatics in order to achieve reported reductions in experimental effort ranging from 60% to 80%, though these figures assume well-characterized descriptor spaces and have not been validated across multiple laboratories or chitosan sources, optimise multiple performance parameters (tensile strength, pore size and antimicrobial functionality). The authors then highlight some examples, including digitally engineered Chitosan systems that use nanofillers, bioactive agents and linkages that react based on outside stimuli, resulting in controlled releases of nutrients and other chemical compounds, together with the increased capability for self-learning packaging systems in order to exploit real-time detecting of pH, moisture levels and microbial contamination with respect to spoilage of food products. Finally, this article covers digital twin technology, reinforcements based on machine learning, and the intersection of digitally connected systems with respect to Industry 4.0 paradigma. Ultimately, the review reveals the most prominent research needs, such as the need for standardised chitosan AI data sets, ways of digital communication between devices (APIs), and ethical bases for enabling autonomous decision-making for material selection. This roadmap will allow for the creation of a chitosan packaging system that is able to optimise itself and create a transparent, sustainable and intuitive solution based on next-generation food preservation techniques.
{"title":"Accelerating the design of stimuli- responsive chitosan nanocomposites for preservation: A machine learning and polymer informatics framework","authors":"Fizza Saleem , Amir Hosseinvand","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article provides an in-depth overview of how much has changed with respect to intelligent AI-guided chitosan-based packaging systems specifically for predictive food preservation. Chitosan is a biopolymer that is biodegradable, as well as antimicrobial. The authors present a \"programmatic\" or \"data-driven\" way to think about it and mention Chitosan as a polymer that because of its tunability can serve in an adaptive and innovative way to provide sustainable types of packaging. In this article, the authors present empirical formulation methods have moved to AI-accelerated way to make use of machine learning and polymer informatics in order to achieve reported reductions in experimental effort ranging from 60% to 80%, though these figures assume well-characterized descriptor spaces and have not been validated across multiple laboratories or chitosan sources, optimise multiple performance parameters (tensile strength, pore size and antimicrobial functionality). The authors then highlight some examples, including digitally engineered Chitosan systems that use nanofillers, bioactive agents and linkages that react based on outside stimuli, resulting in controlled releases of nutrients and other chemical compounds, together with the increased capability for self-learning packaging systems in order to exploit real-time detecting of pH, moisture levels and microbial contamination with respect to spoilage of food products. Finally, this article covers digital twin technology, reinforcements based on machine learning, and the intersection of digitally connected systems with respect to Industry 4.0 paradigma. Ultimately, the review reveals the most prominent research needs, such as the need for standardised chitosan AI data sets, ways of digital communication between devices (APIs), and ethical bases for enabling autonomous decision-making for material selection. This roadmap will allow for the creation of a chitosan packaging system that is able to optimise itself and create a transparent, sustainable and intuitive solution based on next-generation food preservation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101670
J.D.L. de Sousa , L.A.P. Gonçalves , L.K.C.S. de Assis , R. Peña-Garcia , A.S. de Carvalho , K.S. da Silva , E. Padrón-Hernández
This work aims to conduct a brief study focused on obtaining nanostructures in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO) rods by chemical methods and to assemble structures by electron beam lithography to study transport effects. Considering the different methodologies for obtaining rods, the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique was used, as it is low cost and delivers results consistent with those expected in a short period of time. A comparative study was carried out between the different cleanings used on the silicon substrate and how they could affect the rod growth. In addition, the formation of the structures was trained for specific powers used in the plasma etching process. The best results, regarding the nanorods being oriented vertically in relation to the substrate, were obtained for the plasma etching cleaning process at a power of 500 W for 3 min of exposure, followed by the CBD deposition technique at 90ºC for approximately two hours, both constant and mechanical.
{"title":"Development and characterization of zinc oxide nanorods: Short review","authors":"J.D.L. de Sousa , L.A.P. Gonçalves , L.K.C.S. de Assis , R. Peña-Garcia , A.S. de Carvalho , K.S. da Silva , E. Padrón-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to conduct a brief study focused on obtaining nanostructures in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO) rods by chemical methods and to assemble structures by electron beam lithography to study transport effects. Considering the different methodologies for obtaining rods, the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique was used, as it is low cost and delivers results consistent with those expected in a short period of time. A comparative study was carried out between the different cleanings used on the silicon substrate and how they could affect the rod growth. In addition, the formation of the structures was trained for specific powers used in the plasma etching process. The best results, regarding the nanorods being oriented vertically in relation to the substrate, were obtained for the plasma etching cleaning process at a power of 500 W for 3 min of exposure, followed by the CBD deposition technique at 90ºC for approximately two hours, both constant and mechanical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101670"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-04-29DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101655
Dunya Waqfi , Huey Tyng Cheong , Katta Ramesh
Nanoparticle-enriched blood, referred to nanoblood, has attracted significant attention in medical science due to its applications for improving heat transfer, regulating blood flow characteristics, and enhancing targeted drug delivery in diseased arteries. In particular, the incorporation of nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and copper can modify blood viscosity, velocity profiles, arterial wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature, which are critical factors in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, including stenosis and atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to investigate the effects of suspending gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles in blood flowing through a multiple-stenosed artery under the influence of magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and electroosmotic force. The modified Navier–Stokes equations are employed to describe the continuity, momentum, and energy transport, while the non-Newtonian nature of blood is formulated using the Casson fluid model. By applying appropriate physical assumptions and non-dimensional variables, the governing equations are simplified and solved using the Frobenius method and homotopy perturbation technique. It is observed that gold/blood flow exhibits the lowest arterial wall shear stress magnitude when compared with (gold–silver)/blood and (gold–silver–copper)/blood flows. Furthermore, the nanoblood velocity along the -direction increases with the increasing height of stenoses. In the center of artery , rising values of electroosmosis parameter from 1 to 4 results in , and 1.09% rise in (Au–Ag–Cu)/blood temperature at , and (peak of stenoses), respectively. Results of this study offer valuable insights into the behavior of blood flow in stenotic arteries in the presence of nanoparticles, which is of significant importance in disease treatment and biomedical applications.
{"title":"Thermal regulation and hemodynamic responses of nanoparticle-enriched blood flow in a partially occluded multiple-stenosed artery","authors":"Dunya Waqfi , Huey Tyng Cheong , Katta Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticle-enriched blood, referred to nanoblood, has attracted significant attention in medical science due to its applications for improving heat transfer, regulating blood flow characteristics, and enhancing targeted drug delivery in diseased arteries. In particular, the incorporation of nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and copper can modify blood viscosity, velocity profiles, arterial wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature, which are critical factors in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, including stenosis and atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to investigate the effects of suspending gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles in blood flowing through a multiple-stenosed artery under the influence of magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and electroosmotic force. The modified Navier–Stokes equations are employed to describe the continuity, momentum, and energy transport, while the non-Newtonian nature of blood is formulated using the Casson fluid model. By applying appropriate physical assumptions and non-dimensional variables, the governing equations are simplified and solved using the Frobenius method and homotopy perturbation technique. It is observed that gold/blood flow exhibits the lowest arterial wall shear stress magnitude when compared with (gold–silver)/blood and (gold–silver–copper)/blood flows. Furthermore, the nanoblood velocity along the <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-direction increases with the increasing height of stenoses. In the center of artery <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, rising values of electroosmosis parameter from 1 to 4 results in <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>81</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>29</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and 1.09% rise in (Au–Ag–Cu)/blood temperature at <span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span> (peak of stenoses), respectively. Results of this study offer valuable insights into the behavior of blood flow in stenotic arteries in the presence of nanoparticles, which is of significant importance in disease treatment and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water pollution by dye-containing industrial effluent emerged as an environmental challenge due to its toxicity and persistence in the aquatic system. Tea polyphenol-coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified coprecipitation method, and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated through the degradation of a cationic dye (methylene blue) under simulated sunlight irradiation. Structural analysis of the samples was carried out by using an X-ray diffractometer and a transmission electron microscope, which revealed the formation of predominantly single-phase magnetite with a particle size 7–10 nm. Application of tea extract (Camellia sinensis) as a source of tea polyphenol reduces the particle size and suppresses agglomeration. The co-existence of Fe2 + /Fe3+ states and the role of polyphenol in stabilizing the Fe2+ ions was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. The effect of polyphenol content on the magnetic samples was reflected in the EPR spectra. The nanoparticles were found to be ferrimagnetic at low temperature (77 K) and superparamagnetic at room temperature. The moderate polyphenol-coated sample showed the highest magnetic moment (MS= 57 emug−1 at room temperature) among the samples under study due to reduced hematite impurities and balanced particle size effects (10 nm). Zeta potential measurements revealed enhanced colloidal stability and increasingly negative surface charge with higher polyphenol content, which promotes a strong electrostatic interaction with the cationic dyes. Moreover, increasing polyphenol coating on magnetite nanoparticles significantly enhanced dye removal efficiency (up to 92%) in. This study highlights the effectiveness of an eco-friendly and simple synthesis route for developing highly efficient, magnetically recoverable photo-catalysts for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.
{"title":"Role of green tea polyphenols coating on magnetite nanoparticles in photocatalytic dye degradation","authors":"Lavita Sarma , M.P. C. Kalita , Sidananda Sarma , Runjun Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water pollution by dye-containing industrial effluent emerged as an environmental challenge due to its toxicity and persistence in the aquatic system. Tea polyphenol-coated magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified coprecipitation method, and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated through the degradation of a cationic dye (methylene blue) under simulated sunlight irradiation. Structural analysis of the samples was carried out by using an X-ray diffractometer and a transmission electron microscope, which revealed the formation of predominantly single-phase magnetite with a particle size 7–10 nm. Application of tea extract (Camellia sinensis) as a source of tea polyphenol reduces the particle size and suppresses agglomeration. The co-existence of Fe<sup>2 +</sup> /Fe<sup>3+</sup> states and the role of polyphenol in stabilizing the Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. The effect of polyphenol content on the magnetic samples was reflected in the EPR spectra. The nanoparticles were found to be ferrimagnetic at low temperature (77 K) and superparamagnetic at room temperature. The moderate polyphenol-coated sample showed the highest magnetic moment (<em>M</em><sub><em>S</em></sub>= 57 emug<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature) among the samples under study due to reduced hematite impurities and balanced particle size effects (10 nm). Zeta potential measurements revealed enhanced colloidal stability and increasingly negative surface charge with higher polyphenol content, which promotes a strong electrostatic interaction with the cationic dyes. Moreover, increasing polyphenol coating on magnetite nanoparticles significantly enhanced dye removal efficiency (up to 92%) in. This study highlights the effectiveness of an eco-friendly and simple synthesis route for developing highly efficient, magnetically recoverable photo-catalysts for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101683
Anand Gaurav, Puja Jha, Aditya Roy, Gayatri Paul
The present study focuses on the assessment of rheological properties and tribological performance of tungsten disulphide (WS2) nanosheet dispersed oil-based nanofluids. The prepared nanofluids are investigated to understand the prolonged dispersion stability. Results suggest that the nanofluids are stable for more than 15 days. The dispersion stability is further improved by adding suitable surface modifiers to the nanofluids. The rheological properties of the base fluid and the nanofluids are strongly governed by the concentration of nanosheets, shear rate, and type of surface modifier. The tribological performance of the nanofluids are studied under ball-plate sliding reciprocation simulated conditions. Parameters like applied load, type of surface modifier, concentration of nanosheets are observed to primarily affect the coefficient of friction and worn surface morphology of the mating tribo-pair. The addition of surfactant during the preparation of the nanofluids helps in stable dispersion of the nano-additives and reduces the coefficient of friction (COF). A maximum reduction of ∼30% in COF is observed for the nanofluids in comparison to the base oil. Nanofluids, in general, are observed to improve the tribological performance of the base oil by reduced wear and friction.
{"title":"Rheological properties and tribological performance of tungsten disulfide nanosheet dispersed nanofluids","authors":"Anand Gaurav, Puja Jha, Aditya Roy, Gayatri Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study focuses on the assessment of rheological properties and tribological performance of tungsten disulphide (WS<sub>2</sub>) nanosheet dispersed oil-based nanofluids. The prepared nanofluids are investigated to understand the prolonged dispersion stability. Results suggest that the nanofluids are stable for more than 15 days. The dispersion stability is further improved by adding suitable surface modifiers to the nanofluids. The rheological properties of the base fluid and the nanofluids are strongly governed by the concentration of nanosheets, shear rate, and type of surface modifier. The tribological performance of the nanofluids are studied under ball-plate sliding reciprocation simulated conditions. Parameters like applied load, type of surface modifier, concentration of nanosheets are observed to primarily affect the coefficient of friction and worn surface morphology of the mating tribo-pair. The addition of surfactant during the preparation of the nanofluids helps in stable dispersion of the nano-additives and reduces the coefficient of friction (COF). A maximum reduction of ∼30% in COF is observed for the nanofluids in comparison to the base oil. Nanofluids, in general, are observed to improve the tribological performance of the base oil by reduced wear and friction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101654
A.M. Shriharsha , C.R. Raghavendra , S. Basavarajappa , H.M. Harish , Sharanappagouda Kadabinakatti , S.S. Vinay , K. Devendra
The present article investigates the influence of different composition of nano CeO2 particles from 5.0 wt% to 20.0 wt% in the WC wear-resistant coating to enhance the sliding wear life on Al6082 T6 substrate. The influence of surface roughness of the coating on the specific wear rate and heat distribution on the worn surface was studied using novel Arduino thermal sensor-based system. The synergistic mechanism by which WC and secondary nano-CeO2 particles enhance surface-functionalization of the coating were systematically explored. Microstructural characterization, specific sliding wear evaluation, and coefficient of friction of WC-nano CeO2 particle coatings were conducted. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy was used to study surface morphology and elemental composition analysis. The results validates that the presence of secondary phase nano CeO2 particles in the WC matrix significantly improves the coatings grain structure resulting in enhanced specific wear rate. However, the optimal performance is achieved at a CeO2 composition of 15.0 wt% compared to rest of the coating compositions. The novel approach of using Arduino uno board integrated with AGM8833 IR camera is used to analyse the wear track by heat maps. This method of determining heat maps provides a new window to analyse the wear nature and corresponding debris formation.
{"title":"Influence of nano CeO2 particles and surface roughness on wear behavior and heat maps of WC composite coating","authors":"A.M. Shriharsha , C.R. Raghavendra , S. Basavarajappa , H.M. Harish , Sharanappagouda Kadabinakatti , S.S. Vinay , K. Devendra","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present article investigates the influence of different composition of nano CeO<sub>2</sub> particles from 5.0 wt% to 20.0 wt% in the WC wear-resistant coating to enhance the sliding wear life on Al6082 T6 substrate. The influence of surface roughness of the coating on the specific wear rate and heat distribution on the worn surface was studied using novel Arduino thermal sensor-based system. The synergistic mechanism by which WC and secondary nano-CeO<sub>2</sub> particles enhance surface-functionalization of the coating were systematically explored. Microstructural characterization, specific sliding wear evaluation, and coefficient of friction of WC-nano CeO<sub>2</sub> particle coatings were conducted. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy was used to study surface morphology and elemental composition analysis. The results validates that the presence of secondary phase nano CeO<sub>2</sub> particles in the WC matrix significantly improves the coatings grain structure resulting in enhanced specific wear rate. However, the optimal performance is achieved at a CeO<sub>2</sub> composition of 15.0 wt% compared to rest of the coating compositions. The novel approach of using Arduino uno board integrated with AGM8833 IR camera is used to analyse the wear track by heat maps. This method of determining heat maps provides a new window to analyse the wear nature and corresponding debris formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101684
G. Awasthi , K. Mistry , M. Salot , K. Santhy , D. Mandal , S.G. Singh , S.K. Chaudhury
Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene is emerging as an efficient process owing to its high scalability. However, most studies are conducted at high voltages, resulting in multi-layer graphene with high defect concentrations. In this study, multilayer graphene was synthesized via electrochemical exfoliation of graphite foil using KOH solution at various processing conditions. The effects of various process parameters, including molarity, electrode spacing, electrolyte temperature, current density, and stirring speed, on the kinetics of graphene exfoliation were studied. The as-synthesized graphene was characterized using various techniques. TEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of multilayer graphene with relatively low defect concentrations. A proof-of-concept study showed that tungsten oxide nanopowder exhibits improved NO2 gas-sensing performance when mixed with graphene. The minimum concentration of NO2 detected at room temperature using tungsten oxide mixed with graphene nanoplatelets was 0.75 ppm.
{"title":"Effect of process parameters on kinetics and characteristics of graphene produced by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite foil","authors":"G. Awasthi , K. Mistry , M. Salot , K. Santhy , D. Mandal , S.G. Singh , S.K. Chaudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene is emerging as an efficient process owing to its high scalability. However, most studies are conducted at high voltages, resulting in multi-layer graphene with high defect concentrations. In this study, multilayer graphene was synthesized via electrochemical exfoliation of graphite foil using KOH solution at various processing conditions. The effects of various process parameters, including molarity, electrode spacing, electrolyte temperature, current density, and stirring speed, on the kinetics of graphene exfoliation were studied. The as-synthesized graphene was characterized using various techniques. TEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of multilayer graphene with relatively low defect concentrations. A proof-of-concept study showed that tungsten oxide nanopowder exhibits improved NO<sub>2</sub> gas-sensing performance when mixed with graphene. The minimum concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> detected at room temperature using tungsten oxide mixed with graphene nanoplatelets was 0.75 ppm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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