Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101703
Munirah A. Almessiere , Yassine Slimani , Abdulhadi Baykal , Sagar A. Shirsath , Md Amir , Hakan Güngüneş
In this research, the structural, morphological, magnetic, electromagnetic properties, and Mössbauer study of In and Mo co-doped CoNi spinel ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.5Co0.5InxMoxFe2–3xO4, InMo → CoNi (x ≤ 0.1) SFNPs), synthesized via a sol-gel auto-combustion method, have been investigated. The formation of InMo → CoNi (x ≤ 0.1) SFNPs phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the morphology of the NSFs. Magnetic characterization of InMo → CoNi (x ≤ 0.1) SFNPs revealed a strong dependence on both temperature and doping concentration. The saturation magnetization (Ms), Bohr magneton number () and remanence (Mr) all decrease monotonically with increasing x due to the occupancy of Mo6 + and In3+ ions across the spinel B sites and the accompanying charge compensation mechanisms. At 300 K (RT: Room temperature), the samples exhibit moderate coercivity (Hc ∼ 266–612 Oe) consistent with ferrimagnetic behavior above the blocking temperature (TB). Conversely, at 10 K, the materials show hard magnetic behavior with dramatically enhanced coercivity (Hc up to ∼ 8316 Oe), confirming the dominance of magneto-crystalline anisotropy (Keff). Crucially, the Hc and Keff decrease at 10 K with increasing x, ascribed to the substitution-induced structural disorder and the likely formation of Fe3+ ions. Hyperfine parameters are determined from fitting RT Mössbauer spectra. The Mössbauer spectra are composed of five sextets. The In3+ ions occupy the A-site while Mo6+ ions occupy the B site. The investigation of electromagnetic properties, conducted in the 2 – 18 GHz range, demonstrates that In/Mo co-substitution significantly enhances the EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) and microwave absorption behavior. The sample with x = 0.10 exhibited the highest shielding performance, driven by a synergistic combination of improved return loss and absorption capabilities (SEA) at higher frequencies. The co-substitution of In/Mo affected magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity, which resulted in enhanced return loss characteristics. The co-substitution of In/Mo affected magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity, which resulted in enhanced return loss characteristics.
{"title":"Impact of In/Mo Co-substitution on the structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic characteristics of NiCo nanospinel ferrites","authors":"Munirah A. Almessiere , Yassine Slimani , Abdulhadi Baykal , Sagar A. Shirsath , Md Amir , Hakan Güngüneş","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the structural, morphological, magnetic, electromagnetic properties, and Mössbauer study of In and Mo co-doped CoNi spinel ferrite nanoparticles (Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>In<sub>x</sub>Mo<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2–3x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, InMo → CoNi (x ≤ 0.1) SFNPs), synthesized via a sol-gel auto-combustion method, have been investigated. The formation of InMo → CoNi (x ≤ 0.1) SFNPs phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the morphology of the NSFs. Magnetic characterization of InMo → CoNi (x ≤ 0.1) SFNPs revealed a strong dependence on both temperature and doping concentration. The saturation magnetization (M<sub>s</sub>), Bohr magneton number (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and remanence (M<sub>r</sub>) all decrease monotonically with increasing <em>x</em> due to the occupancy of Mo<sup>6 +</sup> and In<sup>3+</sup> ions across the spinel B sites and the accompanying charge compensation mechanisms. At 300 K (RT: Room temperature), the samples exhibit moderate coercivity (H<sub>c</sub> ∼ 266–612 Oe) consistent with ferrimagnetic behavior above the blocking temperature (T<sub>B</sub>). Conversely, at 10 K, the materials show hard magnetic behavior with dramatically enhanced coercivity (H<sub>c</sub> up to ∼ 8316 Oe), confirming the dominance of magneto-crystalline anisotropy (K<sub>eff</sub>). Crucially, the H<sub>c</sub> and K<sub>eff</sub> decrease at 10 K with increasing <em>x</em>, ascribed to the substitution-induced structural disorder and the likely formation of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions. Hyperfine parameters are determined from fitting RT Mössbauer spectra. The Mössbauer spectra are composed of five sextets. The In<sup>3+</sup> ions occupy the A-site while Mo<sup>6+</sup> ions occupy the B site. The investigation of electromagnetic properties, conducted in the 2 – 18 GHz range, demonstrates that In/Mo co-substitution significantly enhances the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE<sub>T</sub>) and microwave absorption behavior. The sample with x = 0.10 exhibited the highest shielding performance, driven by a synergistic combination of improved return loss and absorption capabilities (SE<sub>A</sub>) at higher frequencies. The co-substitution of In/Mo affected magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity, which resulted in enhanced return loss characteristics. The co-substitution of In/Mo affected magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity, which resulted in enhanced return loss characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101703"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study reports the preparation and comparative evaluation of CuS@Bi2S3 heterostructure photocatalysts prepared by hydrothermal and precipitation methods using bioactive quercetin as a stabilizing agent. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the heterostructures were systematically characterized by HRTEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy (bandgap analysis), BET surface area, and XPS. Both methods successfully yielded spherical heterostructures with average particle size less than 20 nm. The photocatalytic performance was investigated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. Precipitation-assisted CuS@Bi2S3 photocatalyst exhibited 95.3% MB degradation, while the hydrothermal-assisted counterpart achieved 81.9% degradation in 120 min, indicating a relatively higher efficiency for the simple co-precipitation route. Further, the strong antimicrobial potential of HQCuS@Bi2S3 and QCuS@Bi2S3 on pathogenic Gram-negative (E. coli, S. Typhimurium) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria confirmed their broad-spectrum effectiveness and versatility. Cell viability assays using Hek 293 kidney cell lines revealed that both HQCuS@Bi2S3 and QCuS@Bi2S3 heterostructure maintained cell viability up to 85%, confirming their good biocompatibility and potential as eco-friendly photocatalysts.
{"title":"CuS@Bi2S3 heterostructure: A comparative analysis of hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods for efficient dye degradation and antibacterial applications","authors":"Hardeep Singh , Mukesh Kumar Verma , Satish Kumar Pandey , Meenakshi Dudi , Munish Sharma , Anju Gupta , Raj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study reports the preparation and comparative evaluation of CuS@Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterostructure photocatalysts prepared by hydrothermal and precipitation methods using bioactive quercetin as a stabilizing agent<strong>.</strong> The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the heterostructures were systematically characterized by HRTEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy (bandgap analysis), BET surface area, and XPS<strong>.</strong> Both methods successfully yielded spherical heterostructures with average particle size less than 20 nm. The photocatalytic performance was investigated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation<strong>.</strong> Precipitation-assisted CuS@Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> photocatalyst exhibited 95.3% MB degradation<strong>,</strong> while the hydrothermal-assisted counterpart achieved 81.9% degradation in 120 min, indicating a relatively higher efficiency for the simple co-precipitation route. Further, the strong antimicrobial potential of HQCuS@Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and QCuS@Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> on pathogenic Gram-negative (<em>E. coli</em>, <em>S. Typhimurium</em>) and Gram-positive (<em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>) bacteria confirmed their broad-spectrum effectiveness and versatility. Cell viability assays using Hek 293 kidney cell lines revealed that both HQCuS@Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and QCuS@Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterostructure maintained cell viability up to 85%, confirming their good biocompatibility and potential as eco-friendly photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101686
Y. Slimani , A. Baykal , M.A. Almessiere , S.E. Shirsath , M.A. Gondal , M.Y. Altuntaş , S. Akhtar
Hard/soft (H/S) CoCexFe2-xO4/Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.4Fe2O4 (x ≤ 0.025) spinel nanocomposites (H/S Ce→CFO/NCZFO (x ≤ 0.025) SNCs) were obtained via ultrasonic irradiation route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure for all compositions, with the average crystallite size (Dp) ranging between 10.8 and 19.8 nm. Electron microscopy images revealed clusters of spherical nanoparticles, while energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping verified the homogeneous distribution of all constituent elements. Vibrating sample magnetometry revealed that the nanocomposites exhibit superparamagnetism at ambient temperature. This was characterized by smooth M-H curves and single-peak in their demagnetization differential curves, which indicate an effective exchange coupling between the two ferrite components. At 20 K, the combinations revealed ferrimagnetic behaviors. While the pristine H/S (x = 0.00) displayed a smooth M-H curve and maintained a single-phase-like switching behavior, the Ce-doped H/S ferrite-based samples (x ≥ 0.010) exhibited kinks in their M-H curves and multiple peaks in their demagnetization differential curves, indicating a weakening of the exchange coupling at low temperatures. Substitution with Ce ions led to a systematic decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) and magnetic moment (nB), while the coercivity (Hc) increased significantly at low temperatures, reflecting enhanced magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The measurements of magnetization versus temperature confirmed the transition from a superparamagnetic state to a ferrimagnetic state, with blocking temperatures (TB) observed to increase from 149.1 K (x = 0.015) to 162.2 K (x = 0.025). These results highlight the role of Cerium in tailoring the magnetic hardness and thermal stability of hard/soft ferrite systems.
{"title":"Tailored structural and magnetic traits of hard/soft ferrite nanocomposites: Effect of cerium substitution","authors":"Y. Slimani , A. Baykal , M.A. Almessiere , S.E. Shirsath , M.A. Gondal , M.Y. Altuntaş , S. Akhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard/soft (H/S) CoCe<sub><em>x</em></sub>Fe<sub>2-<em>x</em></sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Ni<sub>0.3</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Zn<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x ≤ 0.025) spinel nanocomposites (H/S Ce→CFO/NCZFO (x ≤ 0.025) SNCs) were obtained via ultrasonic irradiation route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure for all compositions, with the average crystallite size (<em>D</em><sub><em>p</em></sub>) ranging between 10.8 and 19.8 nm. Electron microscopy images revealed clusters of spherical nanoparticles, while energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping verified the homogeneous distribution of all constituent elements. Vibrating sample magnetometry revealed that the nanocomposites exhibit superparamagnetism at ambient temperature. This was characterized by smooth M-H curves and single-peak in their demagnetization differential curves, which indicate an effective exchange coupling between the two ferrite components. At 20 K, the combinations revealed ferrimagnetic behaviors. While the pristine H/S (<em>x</em> = 0.00) displayed a smooth <em>M-H</em> curve and maintained a single-phase-like switching behavior, the Ce-doped H/S ferrite-based samples (<em>x</em> ≥ 0.010) exhibited kinks in their <em>M-H</em> curves and multiple peaks in their demagnetization differential curves, indicating a weakening of the exchange coupling at low temperatures. Substitution with Ce ions led to a systematic decrease in saturation magnetization (<em>M</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>) and magnetic moment (<em>n</em><sub><em>B</em></sub>), while the coercivity (<em>H</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>) increased significantly at low temperatures, reflecting enhanced magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The measurements of magnetization versus temperature confirmed the transition from a superparamagnetic state to a ferrimagnetic state, with blocking temperatures (<em>T</em><sub><em>B</em></sub>) observed to increase from 149.1 K (<em>x</em> = 0.015) to 162.2 K (<em>x</em> = 0.025). These results highlight the role of Cerium in tailoring the magnetic hardness and thermal stability of hard/soft ferrite systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147991768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101674
Muhammad Umar Farooq
The current work investigates the heat transfer behavior of MHD hybrid nanofluid (Cu–MoS₂/H₂O) flow over a three-dimensional rotating stretching sheet, considering the effects of thermal radiation, nanoparticle shape, and Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. The base fluid is water (H2O), and the nanoparticles of copper (Cu) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) contribute to the hybrid nanofluid. Applications for these hybrid nanofluids are numerous and include heat exchangers, cooling systems, biomedical devices, and agricultural operations. The physical problem is modeled using partial differential equations (PDEs), which are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity transformations. The resulting collection of ODEs is resolved by employing the bvp4c method in MATLAB. The findings demonstrate that raising the values of λ, M, and S increases the y-component of fluid velocity while decreasing the x-component. Moreover, the profile of temperature increases with growing values of λ, Rd, M, S, & n. A comparison with existing literature shows good agreement with previous studies, confirming the accuracy of the present analysis.
{"title":"A comparative study of flow and heat transfer characteristics of a magnetized hybrid nanofluid (Cu–MoS₂/H₂O) over a porous rotating stretching surface with suction, thermal radiation and heat source/sink effects","authors":"Muhammad Umar Farooq","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current work investigates the heat transfer behavior of MHD hybrid nanofluid (Cu–MoS₂/H₂O) flow over a three-dimensional rotating stretching sheet, considering the effects of thermal radiation, nanoparticle shape, and Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. The base fluid is water (H2O), and the nanoparticles of copper (Cu) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) contribute to the hybrid nanofluid. Applications for these hybrid nanofluids are numerous and include heat exchangers, cooling systems, biomedical devices, and agricultural operations. The physical problem is modeled using partial differential equations (PDEs), which are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity transformations. The resulting collection of ODEs is resolved by employing the bvp4c method in MATLAB. The findings demonstrate that raising the values of λ, <em>M</em>, and <em>S</em> increases the <em>y</em>-component of fluid velocity while decreasing the <em>x</em>-component. Moreover, the profile of temperature increases with growing values of λ<em>, Rd, M, S,</em> & <em>n.</em> A comparison with existing literature shows good agreement with previous studies, confirming the accuracy of the present analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-02DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101665
Fizza Saleem , Prashant Anil Pawase , Omar Bashir , Aniket M. Pathare , Swarup Roy
Nanotechnology has become a game-changing technology in the field of active food packaging, providing innovative new solutions for food preservation, safety, shelf-life extension, and sustainability. The purpose of this review is to provide a high-level critical assessment of the major functional nanomaterials (such as Silver, Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, Nanoclays, and Nanocellulose). The review examines the mechanisms, physical and chemical, by which each of the various functional nanomaterials works to provide antimicrobial activity, UV shielding, and mechanical reinforcement. Additionally, we evaluate the various methods by which these functional nanomaterials can be synthesized and place a particular emphasis on green and biological route methods as being the most viable for large-scale production as well as being environmentally compatible. Finally, this review discusses the potential benefits of using smart systems, such as nanotechnology-based sensors and integration with IoT systems, to provide real-time information about food spoilage and develop responsive active-release mechanisms. This review also systematically identifies key barriers in the enhancement of the global food supply through the use of functional nanomaterials, such as migration of nanoparticles, complexity of regulations regarding the use of functional nanomaterials, and public perception of the use of functional nanomaterials. Overall, this review provides a framework for developing a safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly global food supply using innovative nano-enabled technologies.
{"title":"Advances in nanotechnology-enabled active food packaging: Functional nanomaterials, smart systems and sustainability challenges","authors":"Fizza Saleem , Prashant Anil Pawase , Omar Bashir , Aniket M. Pathare , Swarup Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology has become a game-changing technology in the field of active food packaging, providing innovative new solutions for food preservation, safety, shelf-life extension, and sustainability. The purpose of this review is to provide a high-level critical assessment of the major functional nanomaterials (such as Silver, Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, Nanoclays, and Nanocellulose). The review examines the mechanisms, physical and chemical, by which each of the various functional nanomaterials works to provide antimicrobial activity, UV shielding, and mechanical reinforcement. Additionally, we evaluate the various methods by which these functional nanomaterials can be synthesized and place a particular emphasis on green and biological route methods as being the most viable for large-scale production as well as being environmentally compatible. Finally, this review discusses the potential benefits of using smart systems, such as nanotechnology-based sensors and integration with IoT systems, to provide real-time information about food spoilage and develop responsive active-release mechanisms. This review also systematically identifies key barriers in the enhancement of the global food supply through the use of functional nanomaterials, such as migration of nanoparticles, complexity of regulations regarding the use of functional nanomaterials, and public perception of the use of functional nanomaterials. Overall, this review provides a framework for developing a safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly global food supply using innovative nano-enabled technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101665"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-05-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101672
Clint K S , Stephen Raj Jhonson , Kumaran Kadirgama , Lingenthiran Samylingam , Navid Aslfattahi , Maryam Sadat Kiai , Chee Kuang Kok , Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun , A.S. Veerendra , Sivaraos Subramonian
<div><div>Resourceful thermal management systems are critical for modern automotive engines, particularly as the industry moves toward high-performance, fuel-efficient vehicles, where conventional engine coolants suffer from inherently low thermal conductivity, limiting heat dissipation efficiency. With approximately 33% of combustion energy wasted as heat and traditional cooling enhancement methods reaching their operational limits, there is an urgent need for innovative coolant technologies to meet the demands of compact engine designs and higher power densities. While extensive research exists on metal oxide nanofluids for automotive applications, investigations into graphene-based nanofluids for car radiators remain limited, with most studies focusing solely on thermophysical property enhancement without considering real-world contamination effects, creating a significant knowledge gap regarding practical implementation and long-term performance reliability. This research aimed to synthesize graphene nanofluids with PLLR coolant, evaluate their thermal conductivity and viscosity properties, determine heat dissipation performance in car radiators, and investigate the impact of contamination on cooling efficiency. In this research GNP@PLLRC nanofluids were prepared at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, and 0.09% (wt%) using a two-step method involving magnetic stirring and sonication, with comprehensive characterization performed using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, while thermal conductivity and viscosity were measured using the METER Tempos Analyzer and Brookfield Viscometer, respectively, and performance evaluation was conducted using a Perodua Kancil cooling system with cyclic tests of 30 min and 1 h duration. Results showed a strong synergistic effect between temperature (30–70°C) and graphene concentration, with 0.09 wt% achieving optimal thermal conductivity (0.443 W/m·K at 70°C) and lowest viscosity (2.34 cP at 70°C), outperforming the base fluid. Contamination reduced thermal conductivity by up to 30% and cooling efficiency by 8%, confirming the critical importance of system cleanliness for reliable automotive cooling performance. This research investigates and attempts to close the gap by using and experimentally measuring the effects of GNP-PLLRC NF in full automotive radiators. This research systematically measuring the effect of realistic coolant contamination on the heat dissipating. This study represents a novel radiator-scale investigation that combines graphene-based coolants considering contamination and illustrates their potential application in high-performance compact engines. This research validates graphene nanofluids as superior alternatives to conventional coolants, offering potential for compact radiator designs with enhanced cooling efficiency, with significant implications for high-performance and electric vehicle applications, while highlighting the critical need for contamination-resistant
{"title":"Graphene nanofluids for sustainable automotive cooling: Mitigating contamination effects and enhancing engine radiator performance","authors":"Clint K S , Stephen Raj Jhonson , Kumaran Kadirgama , Lingenthiran Samylingam , Navid Aslfattahi , Maryam Sadat Kiai , Chee Kuang Kok , Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun , A.S. Veerendra , Sivaraos Subramonian","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resourceful thermal management systems are critical for modern automotive engines, particularly as the industry moves toward high-performance, fuel-efficient vehicles, where conventional engine coolants suffer from inherently low thermal conductivity, limiting heat dissipation efficiency. With approximately 33% of combustion energy wasted as heat and traditional cooling enhancement methods reaching their operational limits, there is an urgent need for innovative coolant technologies to meet the demands of compact engine designs and higher power densities. While extensive research exists on metal oxide nanofluids for automotive applications, investigations into graphene-based nanofluids for car radiators remain limited, with most studies focusing solely on thermophysical property enhancement without considering real-world contamination effects, creating a significant knowledge gap regarding practical implementation and long-term performance reliability. This research aimed to synthesize graphene nanofluids with PLLR coolant, evaluate their thermal conductivity and viscosity properties, determine heat dissipation performance in car radiators, and investigate the impact of contamination on cooling efficiency. In this research GNP@PLLRC nanofluids were prepared at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, and 0.09% (wt%) using a two-step method involving magnetic stirring and sonication, with comprehensive characterization performed using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, while thermal conductivity and viscosity were measured using the METER Tempos Analyzer and Brookfield Viscometer, respectively, and performance evaluation was conducted using a Perodua Kancil cooling system with cyclic tests of 30 min and 1 h duration. Results showed a strong synergistic effect between temperature (30–70°C) and graphene concentration, with 0.09 wt% achieving optimal thermal conductivity (0.443 W/m·K at 70°C) and lowest viscosity (2.34 cP at 70°C), outperforming the base fluid. Contamination reduced thermal conductivity by up to 30% and cooling efficiency by 8%, confirming the critical importance of system cleanliness for reliable automotive cooling performance. This research investigates and attempts to close the gap by using and experimentally measuring the effects of GNP-PLLRC NF in full automotive radiators. This research systematically measuring the effect of realistic coolant contamination on the heat dissipating. This study represents a novel radiator-scale investigation that combines graphene-based coolants considering contamination and illustrates their potential application in high-performance compact engines. This research validates graphene nanofluids as superior alternatives to conventional coolants, offering potential for compact radiator designs with enhanced cooling efficiency, with significant implications for high-performance and electric vehicle applications, while highlighting the critical need for contamination-resistant ","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101672"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101616
Anik Molla , Hajara Akhter , Durjoy Datta Mazumdar , Sondip Ghosh , M. Humayan Kabir , Hasan Muhommod Robin , Mirza Samnar Walid , SK Fahim Tahmid Boni , Abdullah Al Mubin , Ridoy Khan , Chowdhury Sadid Alam , M.A. Islam
Herein, we report the biogenic fabrication of Fe0.03Zn0.97O (C-FZN) nanoplates using Citrus reticulata peel extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent, offering an environmentally benign substitute for traditional techniques. To explore the effect of calcination temperature, a systematic optimization (400–600 °C) was conducted to modulate phase purity, crystallinity, and structural attributes. X-ray diffraction analysis along with multi-model crystallite size calculation methods including Halder–Wagner model (H-W), Size–Strain Plot (SSP), and Sahadat–Scherrer (S-S) model-identified 500 °C as the optimal condition, yielding phase-pure wurtzite ZnO with (101) orientation, exhibiting crystallite sizes ranging from 17 to 21 nm. FESEM micrographs revealed the formation of well-defined nanoplates with an average lateral size of 88 nm and an average thickness of ∼18 nm. In addition, TEM analysis also revealed the irregular platelike morphology of C-FZN, with noticeable porosity. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different functional groups, while UV–vis spectroscopy indicated band gap narrowing (∼3.17 eV). Complementary DFT+U calculations predicted a further reduced band gap (∼2.2 eV) and the emergence of spin-polarized impurity states induced by Fe doping. Magnetic characterization revealed weak room-temperature ferromagnetism. Theoretical magnetic moments (∼3.64 μB) reinforced the intrinsic origin of ferromagnetism arising from Fe 3d states substituting Zn sites. The biogenic C-FZN exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic efficiency while degrading 84.23 % of chloramphenicol within 90 min. It further demonstrated remarkable reusability potential while retaining 80.96 % efficiency even after three consecutive cycles. Collectively, this study establishes a sustainable synthesis strategy for crystallographically engineered magnetic Fe-doped ZnO nanoplates, highlighting their promise as recyclable photocatalysts for mitigating antibiotic contamination in wastewater.
{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of Fe-Doped ZnO nanoplates for rapid photodegradation of chloramphenicol: Crystallographic, optical, and magnetic insights from experimental and computational studies","authors":"Anik Molla , Hajara Akhter , Durjoy Datta Mazumdar , Sondip Ghosh , M. Humayan Kabir , Hasan Muhommod Robin , Mirza Samnar Walid , SK Fahim Tahmid Boni , Abdullah Al Mubin , Ridoy Khan , Chowdhury Sadid Alam , M.A. Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we report the biogenic fabrication of Fe<sub>0.03</sub>Zn<sub>0.97</sub>O (C-FZN) nanoplates using <em>Citrus reticulata</em> peel extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent, offering an environmentally benign substitute for traditional techniques. To explore the effect of calcination temperature, a systematic optimization (400–600 °C) was conducted to modulate phase purity, crystallinity, and structural attributes. X-ray diffraction analysis along with multi-model crystallite size calculation methods including Halder–Wagner model (H-W), Size–Strain Plot (SSP), and Sahadat–Scherrer (S-S) model-identified 500 °C as the optimal condition, yielding phase-pure wurtzite ZnO with (101) orientation, exhibiting crystallite sizes ranging from 17 to 21 nm. FESEM micrographs revealed the formation of well-defined nanoplates with an average lateral size of 88 nm and an average thickness of ∼18 nm. In addition, TEM analysis also revealed the irregular platelike morphology of C-FZN, with noticeable porosity. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different functional groups, while UV–vis spectroscopy indicated band gap narrowing (∼3.17 eV). Complementary DFT+U calculations predicted a further reduced band gap (∼2.2 eV) and the emergence of spin-polarized impurity states induced by Fe doping. Magnetic characterization revealed weak room-temperature ferromagnetism. Theoretical magnetic moments (∼3.64 μB) reinforced the intrinsic origin of ferromagnetism arising from Fe 3d states substituting Zn sites. The biogenic C-FZN exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic efficiency while degrading 84.23 % of chloramphenicol within 90 min. It further demonstrated remarkable reusability potential while retaining 80.96 % efficiency even after three consecutive cycles. Collectively, this study establishes a sustainable synthesis strategy for crystallographically engineered magnetic Fe-doped ZnO nanoplates, highlighting their promise as recyclable photocatalysts for mitigating antibiotic contamination in wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 101616"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review explores the structural and chemical foundations of sustainable nanostructured materials, emphasizing their molecular configurations that govern multifunctional performance in energy, sensing, and bio-integrative applications. The discussion integrates recent progress in controlled synthesis, doping strategies, and advanced characterization using spectroscopic and other techniques to reveal correlations between atomic-scale arrangements, electronic distribution, and surface reactivity. Structural tailoring enables optimization of charge transport, optical absorption, and catalytic activity, fundamental for efficient energy conversion processes, high-performance sensors, and stable bio-interfaces. Sustainable approaches, such as green synthesis and lifecycle assessments, are emphasized as critical to addressing environmental concerns. Ethical concerns about safety, equity, and accessibility are emphasized as critical to the responsible use of these materials. Adaptive materials, nano-bio hybrids, and AI-driven innovations are the main answers to the problems of scalability, environmental impact, and interdisciplinary integration. Overall, this review highlights the collaboration between chemistry, physics, and biology to enable nanostructured materials in addressing global concerns in healthcare, energy, and sustainability. Nanostructures can lead to previously unheard-of scientific and societal breakthroughs by fusing state-of-the-art research with morally and environmentally responsible methods.
{"title":"Next generation sustainable nanostructures for energy, sensing, and bio-integration","authors":"Karuna Korgaonkar , Nagarjuna Prakash Dalbanjan , Sahil Sharma , Ratan Jadhav , S.K. Praveenkumar , Saidi Reddy Parne","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores the structural and chemical foundations of sustainable nanostructured materials, emphasizing their molecular configurations that govern multifunctional performance in energy, sensing, and bio-integrative applications. The discussion integrates recent progress in controlled synthesis, doping strategies, and advanced characterization using spectroscopic and other techniques to reveal correlations between atomic-scale arrangements, electronic distribution, and surface reactivity. Structural tailoring enables optimization of charge transport, optical absorption, and catalytic activity, fundamental for efficient energy conversion processes, high-performance sensors, and stable bio-interfaces. Sustainable approaches, such as green synthesis and lifecycle assessments, are emphasized as critical to addressing environmental concerns. Ethical concerns about safety, equity, and accessibility are emphasized as critical to the responsible use of these materials. Adaptive materials, nano-bio hybrids, and AI-driven innovations are the main answers to the problems of scalability, environmental impact, and interdisciplinary integration. Overall, this review highlights the collaboration between chemistry, physics, and biology to enable nanostructured materials in addressing global concerns in healthcare, energy, and sustainability. Nanostructures can lead to previously unheard-of scientific and societal breakthroughs by fusing state-of-the-art research with morally and environmentally responsible methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 101615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101587
Quang Minh Pham , Cam Vi Dao Thi , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Anh-Tuan Vu
A novel AuNPs/chitosan/silica aerogel (Au/Cs/SA) nanocomposite was fabricated and applied as an efficient electrochemical sensor for Pb2+ detection. Silica aerogel synthesized from rice husk served as a lightweight, highly porous scaffold, providing large surface area and abundant adsorption sites. Chitosan acted as a biopolymer matrix to immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), prevent aggregation, and introduce amine and hydroxyl groups for strong Pb2+ chelation. Uniformly dispersed AuNPs (∼25–35 nm) further enhanced electron transfer and structural stability, while preserving the intrinsic porosity of the aerogel (252 m2/g compared to 267 m2/g for pure SA). Electrochemical analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in conductivity, with the modified electrode achieving a linear response in the range of 0.5–10 µM, a low detection limit of 0.167 µM, and excellent reproducibility (RSD = 0.76 %). Real-sample tests in tap and river water confirmed the sensor’s accuracy, with recovery rates of 98.22 and 106.65 %, respectively. The synergistic integration of AuNPs, chitosan, and silica aerogel resulted in a stable, sensitive, and environmentally sustainable sensing platform. This work provides a promising strategy for developing next-generation electrochemical sensors for monitoring Pb2+ and potentially other toxic heavy metals in complex aquatic environments.
{"title":"AuNPs/chitosan-functionalized silica aerogel nanocomposite from rice husk for high-performance Pb2+ sensing","authors":"Quang Minh Pham , Cam Vi Dao Thi , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Anh-Tuan Vu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel AuNPs/chitosan/silica aerogel (Au/Cs/SA) nanocomposite was fabricated and applied as an efficient electrochemical sensor for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection. Silica aerogel synthesized from rice husk served as a lightweight, highly porous scaffold, providing large surface area and abundant adsorption sites. Chitosan acted as a biopolymer matrix to immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), prevent aggregation, and introduce amine and hydroxyl groups for strong Pb<sup>2+</sup> chelation. Uniformly dispersed AuNPs (∼25–35 nm) further enhanced electron transfer and structural stability, while preserving the intrinsic porosity of the aerogel (252 m<sup>2</sup>/g compared to 267 m<sup>2</sup>/g for pure SA). Electrochemical analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in conductivity, with the modified electrode achieving a linear response in the range of 0.5–10 µM, a low detection limit of 0.167 µM, and excellent reproducibility (RSD = 0.76 %). Real-sample tests in tap and river water confirmed the sensor’s accuracy, with recovery rates of 98.22 and 106.65 %, respectively. The synergistic integration of AuNPs, chitosan, and silica aerogel resulted in a stable, sensitive, and environmentally sustainable sensing platform. This work provides a promising strategy for developing next-generation electrochemical sensors for monitoring Pb<sup>2+</sup> and potentially other toxic heavy metals in complex aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 101587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the ZnO-Ag composite nanopowder was first synthesized greenly using plant leaf extract. Then PAN@ZnO-Ag nanofiber sheets were prepared using greenly synthesized nanopowder by the electrospinning method. The synthesized nanofiber sheets were used to remove Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. Computational molecular simulation was used to theoretically study the mechanical properties and the feasibility of the adsorption process. The formation of the hexagonal ZnO and cubic Ag on electrospun PAN nanofiber was confirmed via XRD peaks. The formation of ZnO-Ag nanoparticles with a size of 15–25 nm on the 1D PAN fibers surface, having a diameter of 210–270 nm was observed. A batch experiment was conducted to evaluate adsorption efficiency by adjusting the adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and the initial CV dye concentration. The adsorption rate and equilibration were evaluated by kinetic and isotherm studies. The adsorption mechanism followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model due to a high R2 value with a maximum adsorption capacity of 128.91 mg/g at pH= 9. Kinetic evaluation indicated that the pseudo-first-order model gave the best fit to the experimental data. The bonding of CV dyes on adsorbent involves H-bonding, electrostatic interaction as well as π-π interaction. A higher negative adsorption energy indicates a more stable adsorption process.
{"title":"Green synthesized ZnO-Ag functionalized electrospun PAN nanofibers for efficient crystal violet dye removal: A combined experimental and computational approach","authors":"Sradhanjali Raut , Arpita Patro , Satyanarayan Dhal , Shraban Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the ZnO-Ag composite nanopowder was first synthesized greenly using plant leaf extract. Then PAN@ZnO-Ag nanofiber sheets were prepared using greenly synthesized nanopowder by the electrospinning method. The synthesized nanofiber sheets were used to remove Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. Computational molecular simulation was used to theoretically study the mechanical properties and the feasibility of the adsorption process. The formation of the hexagonal ZnO and cubic Ag on electrospun PAN nanofiber was confirmed via XRD peaks. The formation of ZnO-Ag nanoparticles with a size of 15–25 nm on the 1D PAN fibers surface, having a diameter of 210–270 nm was observed. A batch experiment was conducted to evaluate adsorption efficiency by adjusting the adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and the initial CV dye concentration. The adsorption rate and equilibration were evaluated by kinetic and isotherm studies. The adsorption mechanism followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model due to a high R<sup>2</sup> value with a maximum adsorption capacity of 128.91 mg/g at pH= 9. Kinetic evaluation indicated that the pseudo-first-order model gave the best fit to the experimental data. The bonding of CV dyes on adsorbent involves H-bonding, electrostatic interaction as well as π-π interaction. A higher negative adsorption energy indicates a more stable adsorption process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 101598"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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