Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.85287.1269
M. Hasanzadeh, F. H. Shandiz, Nooshin Izadpanahee, Mansoureh Mottaghi
Background: Gestational trophoblastic diseases are treated with chemotherapy, but some patients are resistant to it and require surgeries. The role of surgery in the management of these patients is not clearly defined. This study aimed to evaluate the role of surgery in the management of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTN). Method: This cohort study was performed on patients with GTN referred during June 2009 to June 2019. The patients receiving hysterectomy, hysterotomy to remove uterine lesion, pulmonary lobectomy, craniotomy, and other surgical procedures were included in the study. The surgery indications were resistant to chemotherapy or hemorrhage. Results: The survival rate of the 31 patients that entered the study was 100%. The mean age of patients was 36 years. The frequency of surgeries were as follow: hysterectomy in 21 patients (67.7%), hysterotomy in six patients (19.4%), removal of lung lesion in three patients (9.7%), and craniotomy in one patient (3.2%). Among the patients, 22 showed complete response to treatment and nine patients had relative response. The relation between response to surgery with variables, such as the type of previous pregnancy, disease pathology, the scoring of disease in World Health Organization (WHO) system, the severity of disease based on The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and the need to chemotherapy sessions, were significant. Conclusion: Surgery played an important role in management of patients with GTD. Previous non-molar pregnancy, stage, and WHO score based on clinical factors affected the response rate of treatment.
{"title":"Is There a Role for Surgery in the Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia","authors":"M. Hasanzadeh, F. H. Shandiz, Nooshin Izadpanahee, Mansoureh Mottaghi","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.85287.1269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.85287.1269","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gestational trophoblastic diseases are treated with chemotherapy, but some patients are resistant to it and require surgeries. The role of surgery in the management of these patients is not clearly defined. This study aimed to evaluate the role of surgery in the management of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTN). \u0000Method: This cohort study was performed on patients with GTN referred during June 2009 to June 2019. The patients receiving hysterectomy, hysterotomy to remove uterine lesion, pulmonary lobectomy, craniotomy, and other surgical procedures were included in the study. The surgery indications were resistant to chemotherapy or hemorrhage. \u0000Results: The survival rate of the 31 patients that entered the study was 100%. The mean age of patients was 36 years. The frequency of surgeries were as follow: hysterectomy in 21 patients (67.7%), hysterotomy in six patients (19.4%), removal of lung lesion in three patients (9.7%), and craniotomy in one patient (3.2%). Among the patients, 22 showed complete response to treatment and nine patients had relative response. The relation between response to surgery with variables, such as the type of previous pregnancy, disease pathology, the scoring of disease in World Health Organization (WHO) system, the severity of disease based on The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and the need to chemotherapy sessions, were significant. \u0000Conclusion: Surgery played an important role in management of patients with GTD. Previous non-molar pregnancy, stage, and WHO score based on clinical factors affected the response rate of treatment.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47583305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-10DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.88710.1490
Maryam Bahador, M. H. Larizadeh, M. S. Fekri, A. Naghibzadeh-Tahami, M. Mohseni, Fateme Arabnejad
Background: The aim of this study was to determine pulmonary complications induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer in a six-month follow-up. Method: 80 patients with breast cancer who were referred to the Radio-oncology Center in Kerman were included in the current cohort study. At the baseline, spirometry and lung scan were obtained and all the patients were asked about their respiratory symptoms. After designing the patient’s treatment, dose volume histogram data was extracted. All the tests were repeated six months after radiotherapy. The prevalence of pneumonitis and fibrosis in radiographs were determined clinically and the reduction in the values of pulmonary function test parameters was determined. Results: In 40% of the patients, pulmonary volume was reduced and in 10%, pulmonary fibrosis occurred. Regarding pulmonary function before and six months after radiotherapy, the results revealed that FeV1 (l/s) parameter decreased from 2.68 to 2.48 (P < 0.0001) six months after radiotherapy. FVC parameter also showed a decrease from 3.14 to 2.91 (P < 0.0001) in the same span of time. The odds of developing clinical symptoms in people with pulmonary fibrosis was five times higher than of those without this condition, (OR: 5.51, 95% CI: 1.10 - 27. 42), which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). None of the factors, including mean lung dose, tamoxifen, and age, affected Fev1 and pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion: Our results indicated that 10% of the patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer developed pulmonary fibrosis and 40% of the patients suffered from reduced pulmonary volumes, which was not associated with chemotherapy regimen or the use of tamoxifen.
{"title":"Investigation of Pulmonary Complications Induced by Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer through Spirometry, CT Scan Imaging Patterns, and Clinical Criteria in a Six-Month Follow-Up","authors":"Maryam Bahador, M. H. Larizadeh, M. S. Fekri, A. Naghibzadeh-Tahami, M. Mohseni, Fateme Arabnejad","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.88710.1490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.88710.1490","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to determine pulmonary complications induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer in a six-month follow-up. \u0000Method: 80 patients with breast cancer who were referred to the Radio-oncology Center in Kerman were included in the current cohort study. At the baseline, spirometry and lung scan were obtained and all the patients were asked about their respiratory symptoms. After designing the patient’s treatment, dose volume histogram data was extracted. All the tests were repeated six months after radiotherapy. The prevalence of pneumonitis and fibrosis in radiographs were determined clinically and the reduction in the values of pulmonary function test parameters was determined. \u0000Results: In 40% of the patients, pulmonary volume was reduced and in 10%, pulmonary fibrosis occurred. Regarding pulmonary function before and six months after radiotherapy, the results revealed that FeV1 (l/s) parameter decreased from 2.68 to 2.48 (P < 0.0001) six months after radiotherapy. FVC parameter also showed a decrease from 3.14 to 2.91 (P < 0.0001) in the same span of time. The odds of developing clinical symptoms in people with pulmonary fibrosis was five times higher than of those without this condition, (OR: 5.51, 95% CI: 1.10 - 27. 42), which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). None of the factors, including mean lung dose, tamoxifen, and age, affected Fev1 and pulmonary fibrosis. \u0000Conclusion: Our results indicated that 10% of the patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer developed pulmonary fibrosis and 40% of the patients suffered from reduced pulmonary volumes, which was not associated with chemotherapy regimen or the use of tamoxifen.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43042679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.90890.1594
A. Y. Joybari, Fariba Jozian, S. Alahyari, S. Nasiri, M. Samsami, S. Sandoughdaran
Background: Following neoadjuvant chemoradiation, 25% of patients with rectal cancer experience pathologic complete response (pCR). With the appropriate imaging method for this group of patients, it would be possible to use less invasive methods. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with rectal cancer. Method: In this prospective study, 19 patients with rectal cancer were examined. Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with diffusion-weighted imaging was performed in two stages: one week before the start of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and seven weeks after the end of CRT to evaluate the results of treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured before and after treatment. The percentage of ADC (% ∆ADC) increment was also calculated. The patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical report: complete responders, partial responders, and non-responders. Optimal cut-off point was determined via ROC diagram. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.9 (29-73) years. There were no significant associations between pre and postoperative ADC values and pCR. However, % ∆ADC had a significant relationship with complete response to treatment. Based on the ROC chart, the value of 15% was selected as cut-off with 56% specificity and 67% sensitivity. The positive and negative predicting values were 77.8% and 40%, respectively. Conclusion: The mean %∆ADC increase seems to be a valid tool to differentiate complete responders from non-responders after CRT in locally advanced rectal cancer.
{"title":"Role of DW-MRI in Predicting Pathologic Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patients with Rectal Cancer","authors":"A. Y. Joybari, Fariba Jozian, S. Alahyari, S. Nasiri, M. Samsami, S. Sandoughdaran","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.90890.1594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.90890.1594","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Following neoadjuvant chemoradiation, 25% of patients with rectal cancer experience pathologic complete response (pCR). With the appropriate imaging method for this group of patients, it would be possible to use less invasive methods. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with rectal cancer. \u0000Method: In this prospective study, 19 patients with rectal cancer were examined. Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with diffusion-weighted imaging was performed in two stages: one week before the start of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and seven weeks after the end of CRT to evaluate the results of treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured before and after treatment. The percentage of ADC (% ∆ADC) increment was also calculated. The patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical report: complete responders, partial responders, and non-responders. Optimal cut-off point was determined via ROC diagram. \u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.9 (29-73) years. There were no significant associations between pre and postoperative ADC values and pCR. However, % ∆ADC had a significant relationship with complete response to treatment. Based on the ROC chart, the value of 15% was selected as cut-off with 56% specificity and 67% sensitivity. The positive and negative predicting values were 77.8% and 40%, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The mean %∆ADC increase seems to be a valid tool to differentiate complete responders from non-responders after CRT in locally advanced rectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48471838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.86866.1374
S. Puranik, S. Ghagane, R. Nerli, M. Hiremath
Background: Understanding the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and changing demographics of Indian Bladder cancer (BC) has emerged as an important field of study. Herein, we aimed to present the case series of BC patients of a single tertiary care centre in North Karnataka. Method: This retrospective study was designed for 14 years from 2004 to 2017, conducted in the urology clinic. A total of 468 newly diagnosed BC patients (M = 415; F = 53) were included in the study. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, cystoscopic, and pathological findings were recorded and analyzed via IBM SPSS statistics software Inc. version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was M = 62.27 years and F = 54.22 years. Hematuria was a common clinical symptom in both genders accounting for 42.02 versus 45.28% of the male and female subjects, respectively. Transition cell carcinoma (TCC) was the common variant seen in the male and female participants (92.99 versus 94.88%, respectively). Low-grade cancer was found in patients with >60 years of age in 39.7% versus 42.1% of respectively the males and females (P = 0.002) as compared to the patients <60 years. Non-muscle invasive BC in the males and females was respectively 55.42% versus 52.83%, whereas muscle-invasive cancer was 44.57% versus 47.16% respectively in the two groups (P = 0.008). 53 patients (29.22%) in both the genders received transurethral resection/intravesical Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy, which showed a significant improvement (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Transition cell carcinoma was found to remain the predominant type of BC with painless hematuria in North Karnataka population. This has seriously affected the public health; this trend is expected to be continued due to the high prevalence of smoking. There should be further emphasis on primary prevention of BC by conducting smoking cessation awareness programs.
{"title":"Incidence of Bladder Cancer at a Tertiary Care Centre in North Karnataka","authors":"S. Puranik, S. Ghagane, R. Nerli, M. Hiremath","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.86866.1374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.86866.1374","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Understanding the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and changing demographics of Indian Bladder cancer (BC) has emerged as an important field of study. Herein, we aimed to present the case series of BC patients of a single tertiary care centre in North Karnataka. \u0000Method: This retrospective study was designed for 14 years from 2004 to 2017, conducted in the urology clinic. A total of 468 newly diagnosed BC patients (M = 415; F = 53) were included in the study. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, cystoscopic, and pathological findings were recorded and analyzed via IBM SPSS statistics software Inc. version 20.0. \u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was M = 62.27 years and F = 54.22 years. Hematuria was a common clinical symptom in both genders accounting for 42.02 versus 45.28% of the male and female subjects, respectively. Transition cell carcinoma (TCC) was the common variant seen in the male and female participants (92.99 versus 94.88%, respectively). Low-grade cancer was found in patients with >60 years of age in 39.7% versus 42.1% of respectively the males and females (P = 0.002) as compared to the patients <60 years. Non-muscle invasive BC in the males and females was respectively 55.42% versus 52.83%, whereas muscle-invasive cancer was 44.57% versus 47.16% respectively in the two groups (P = 0.008). 53 patients (29.22%) in both the genders received transurethral resection/intravesical Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy, which showed a significant improvement (P = 0.019). \u0000Conclusion: Transition cell carcinoma was found to remain the predominant type of BC with painless hematuria in North Karnataka population. This has seriously affected the public health; this trend is expected to be continued due to the high prevalence of smoking. There should be further emphasis on primary prevention of BC by conducting smoking cessation awareness programs.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43330072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.90564.1580
Zahra Zafari, H. Ayatollahi, T. Sohrabi, P. Jafari, H. Esmaeili, M. Keramati
Background: The B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site1 (BMI-1) is one of the famous members of the Polycomb ring finger group, which plays a crucial role in the gene transcription regulation through histone changes. Hence, it is believed to be necessary to further clarify the effects of the BMI-1 clinical. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 70 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and 20 healthy individuals, as the control group. We used Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) in order to assess the BMI-1 level expression and its effect on prognosis in AML patients in the Molecular Pathology Research Center. Results: The results of the present work indicated that the BMI-1 overexpression was significantly higher in the AML and CML patients compared to that in the healthy controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between the BMI-1 overexpression and poor prognosis in the AML patients (Hazard ratio=1.749, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 1.31-2.32). Additionally, BMI-1high was found in chronic and blastic phase in the CML patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that investigation of BMI-1 gene expression pattern will be conducive to the prognosis and treatment of myeloid leukemia.
{"title":"BMI-1 Gene Expression in Patients with Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Northeast of Iran","authors":"Zahra Zafari, H. Ayatollahi, T. Sohrabi, P. Jafari, H. Esmaeili, M. Keramati","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.90564.1580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.90564.1580","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site1 (BMI-1) is one of the famous members of the Polycomb ring finger group, which plays a crucial role in the gene transcription regulation through histone changes. Hence, it is believed to be necessary to further clarify the effects of the BMI-1 clinical. \u0000Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 70 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and 20 healthy individuals, as the control group. We used Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) in order to assess the BMI-1 level expression and its effect on prognosis in AML patients in the Molecular Pathology Research Center. \u0000Results: The results of the present work indicated that the BMI-1 overexpression was significantly higher in the AML and CML patients compared to that in the healthy controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between the BMI-1 overexpression and poor prognosis in the AML patients (Hazard ratio=1.749, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 1.31-2.32). Additionally, BMI-1high was found in chronic and blastic phase in the CML patients (P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: We concluded that investigation of BMI-1 gene expression pattern will be conducive to the prognosis and treatment of myeloid leukemia.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.87541.1436
A. Ghidouche, S. Tliba, D. Ait‐Ali
Background: In this study, we suggested an experimental procedure demonstrating the im-pact of pesticide on the development of ectopic xenografts of human glioblastomas in im-muno-competent Balb/c mice. Method: In this in-vivo study, the mice were treated with or without a mixture of pesticide (Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos), using a concentration corresponding to 1/8 of LD50 of each pesticide. The pesticides were injected intraperitoneally every 72 hours. The human glioblastoma cell suspension was cultured with tumor cerebrospinal fluid CSF and then injected subcutaneously into the treated and not treated mice with a mixture of pesticide (Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos) following 18 days after the beginning of the experi-ment. Results: The body mass index of the male and female mice treated with pesticide was statis-tically (P = 0.0048) higher than those not treated with pesticides. 66.6% of the mice treated with pesticides and xenografts of glioblastoma developed masses at the injection site. The histological analysis revealed that 41.66% of the masses were astrocytic tumors. The other found masses corresponded to inflammatory lymph nodes and fibroblastic tissue formations. Conclusion: The treatment of mice with pesticide mixture was found to allow the develop-ment of glioblastoma xenografts in immunocompetent mice.
{"title":"Establishment of Ectopic Xenografts Derived from Human Glioblastoma in Immunocompetent Mouse Model Treated with Pesticide","authors":"A. Ghidouche, S. Tliba, D. Ait‐Ali","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.87541.1436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.87541.1436","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this study, we suggested an experimental procedure demonstrating the im-pact of pesticide on the development of ectopic xenografts of human glioblastomas in im-muno-competent Balb/c mice. Method: In this in-vivo study, the mice were treated with or without a mixture of pesticide (Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos), using a concentration corresponding to 1/8 of LD50 of each pesticide. The pesticides were injected intraperitoneally every 72 hours. The human glioblastoma cell suspension was cultured with tumor cerebrospinal fluid CSF and then injected subcutaneously into the treated and not treated mice with a mixture of pesticide (Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos) following 18 days after the beginning of the experi-ment. Results: The body mass index of the male and female mice treated with pesticide was statis-tically (P = 0.0048) higher than those not treated with pesticides. 66.6% of the mice treated with pesticides and xenografts of glioblastoma developed masses at the injection site. The histological analysis revealed that 41.66% of the masses were astrocytic tumors. The other found masses corresponded to inflammatory lymph nodes and fibroblastic tissue formations. Conclusion: The treatment of mice with pesticide mixture was found to allow the develop-ment of glioblastoma xenografts in immunocompetent mice.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45466595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-28DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.89042.1504
S. H. Ghafelehbashi, Dina Sadeghizadeh, Fatemeh Rohollah, Saghar Pahlavanneshan, M. Sadeghizadeh
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease characterized by clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid precursors, resulting in impaired hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. Different genetic and environmental factors are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of AML. Notch signaling with a tumor suppressing plays a role in myeloproliferative disorder and is a negative regulator of myeloid progenitor commitment. Crosstalk between Notch signaling and CXCR4 axis is a matter of debate in AML. Method: In the current case-control study, we evaluated the expression level of CXCR4, JAG1, and MIB1, which are all involved or related to Notch signaling in adult AML patients. Blood samples were obtained from 25 AML and 17 healthy individuals and the expression level of the selected genes was evaluated via the real-time PCR. Results: Our results revealed the increased expression of JAG1, but decreased expression of CXCR4 in AML patients in Iranian population of AML patients. Moreover, some gender-associated effects on the expression of JAG1 and CXCR4 were detected, which may be related to sex hormones. The expression level of MIB1 did not change significantly. The correlation analysis showed no correlations between the age of the patients and the expression levels of the genes. Conclusion: Herein, for the first time, we suggested some new evidence regarding the complex role of Notch signaling-related genes (CXCR4 and JAG1) in the pathogenesis of AML in Iranian patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Expression Levels of Notch Signaling Pathway-Related Genes; JAG1, CXCR4, and MIB1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients","authors":"S. H. Ghafelehbashi, Dina Sadeghizadeh, Fatemeh Rohollah, Saghar Pahlavanneshan, M. Sadeghizadeh","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.89042.1504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.89042.1504","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease characterized by clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid precursors, resulting in impaired hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. Different genetic and environmental factors are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of AML. Notch signaling with a tumor suppressing plays a role in myeloproliferative disorder and is a negative regulator of myeloid progenitor commitment. Crosstalk between Notch signaling and CXCR4 axis is a matter of debate in AML. \u0000Method: In the current case-control study, we evaluated the expression level of CXCR4, JAG1, and MIB1, which are all involved or related to Notch signaling in adult AML patients. Blood samples were obtained from 25 AML and 17 healthy individuals and the expression level of the selected genes was evaluated via the real-time PCR. \u0000Results: Our results revealed the increased expression of JAG1, but decreased expression of CXCR4 in AML patients in Iranian population of AML patients. Moreover, some gender-associated effects on the expression of JAG1 and CXCR4 were detected, which may be related to sex hormones. The expression level of MIB1 did not change significantly. The correlation analysis showed no correlations between the age of the patients and the expression levels of the genes. \u0000Conclusion: Herein, for the first time, we suggested some new evidence regarding the complex role of Notch signaling-related genes (CXCR4 and JAG1) in the pathogenesis of AML in Iranian patients.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47965448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.86726.1369
Sneha Pramod, S. Magesh, V. Parvathi
Gastric carcinoma, in India, is the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related death since most patients are asymptomatic until the disease progresses to advanced stages. Hence, there is a need for non-invasive and specific biomarkers for early screening and diagnosis. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has 37 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway (OxPhos). There are several 100 to 1000 mitochondria in a human cell and each mitochondrion has two to 10 copies of mtDNA. There is a significant association between the mtDNA copy number and an increase in risk of various cancers. There is also a relation between the changes in the sequence of mtDNA in genes, such as MT-CYB, MT-ATP6 and gastric cancer, according to which the tumor cells switch to aerobic glycolysis for ATP production even in the presence of oxygen due to Warburg effect. Multiple factors have an adverse effect on mitochondrial gene expression and impairs the OxPhos pathway due to lack of sophisticated DNA repair mechanism in mitochondria. Techniques, such as Next Generation Sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing, are capable of early detection of copy number variants and mtDNA mutations in blood sample essential for better prognosis of gastric cancer. Through the course of this study, various reports of a correlation between mtDNA damage and gastric cancer were analyzed and it was found that the increasing evidence of the role of mtDNA and its copy number in cancer indicates its significance as a potential biomarker for GC.
{"title":"Mitochondrial Genetics in Gastric Cancer","authors":"Sneha Pramod, S. Magesh, V. Parvathi","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.86726.1369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.86726.1369","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric carcinoma, in India, is the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related death since most patients are asymptomatic until the disease progresses to advanced stages. Hence, there is a need for non-invasive and specific biomarkers for early screening and diagnosis. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has 37 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway (OxPhos). There are several 100 to 1000 mitochondria in a human cell and each mitochondrion has two to 10 copies of mtDNA. There is a significant association between the mtDNA copy number and an increase in risk of various cancers. There is also a relation between the changes in the sequence of mtDNA in genes, such as MT-CYB, MT-ATP6 and gastric cancer, according to which the tumor cells switch to aerobic glycolysis for ATP production even in the presence of oxygen due to Warburg effect. Multiple factors have an adverse effect on mitochondrial gene expression and impairs the OxPhos pathway due to lack of sophisticated DNA repair mechanism in mitochondria. Techniques, such as Next Generation Sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing, are capable of early detection of copy number variants and mtDNA mutations in blood sample essential for better prognosis of gastric cancer. Through the course of this study, various reports of a correlation between mtDNA damage and gastric cancer were analyzed and it was found that the increasing evidence of the role of mtDNA and its copy number in cancer indicates its significance as a potential biomarker for GC.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46716370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.86638.1361
A. Nsonwu-Anyanwu, B. Icha, M. C. Nsonwu, Mbetobong Ime William, Krukru Stephen Emughupogh, C. Usoro
Background: Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has been described as a risk factor for the development of prostate disease in men and its assessment could predict susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa). The current study aimed to assess the levels of HM (selenium [Se], copper [Cu], chromium [Cr] and lead [Pb], iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], magnesium [Mg], and cobalt [Co]) in men with PCa. Method: 90 men aged 40 to 75 years, including 30 men with PCa, 30 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 30 controls, were recruited in this case-control study. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was estimated via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and heavy metals with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Body mass index (BMI) was also determined. Results: The men with PCa had significantly higher BMI, PSA, Fe, and Pb and lower Mg, Zn, Cu, and Se compared to the controls. They also had higher PSA, Fe, and Co compared to the BPH (P < 0.05). Those with BPH had higher BMI, PSA, and Fe and lower Mg, Zn, Cu, Se, and Co compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Zn was positively correlated with Mg (r = 0.937, P < 0.001, Cu (r = 0.548, P = 0.002), Se (r = 0.731, P < 0.001, and Co (r=0.733, P < 0.001 only in the men with PCa. Levels of Cu, Mg, and Se were associated with the risk of BPH and PCa. Conclusion: The men with prostate disease were found to have higher levels of lead and iron and lower magnesium, copper, selenium, and zinc, which necessitate assessment of these elements for early detection prostate cancer and monitoring the progression of the disease.
{"title":"Assessment of Essential and Non-essential Elements as Risk Evaluation Indices in Men with Prostate Cancer in Calabar South-South Nigeria","authors":"A. Nsonwu-Anyanwu, B. Icha, M. C. Nsonwu, Mbetobong Ime William, Krukru Stephen Emughupogh, C. Usoro","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.86638.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.86638.1361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has been described as a risk factor for the development of prostate disease in men and its assessment could predict susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa). The current study aimed to assess the levels of HM (selenium [Se], copper [Cu], chromium [Cr] and lead [Pb], iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], magnesium [Mg], and cobalt [Co]) in men with PCa. \u0000Method: 90 men aged 40 to 75 years, including 30 men with PCa, 30 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 30 controls, were recruited in this case-control study. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was estimated via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and heavy metals with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Body mass index (BMI) was also determined. \u0000Results: The men with PCa had significantly higher BMI, PSA, Fe, and Pb and lower Mg, Zn, Cu, and Se compared to the controls. They also had higher PSA, Fe, and Co compared to the BPH (P < 0.05). Those with BPH had higher BMI, PSA, and Fe and lower Mg, Zn, Cu, Se, and Co compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Zn was positively correlated with Mg (r = 0.937, P < 0.001, Cu (r = 0.548, P = 0.002), Se (r = 0.731, P < 0.001, and Co (r=0.733, P < 0.001 only in the men with PCa. Levels of Cu, Mg, and Se were associated with the risk of BPH and PCa. \u0000Conclusion: The men with prostate disease were found to have higher levels of lead and iron and lower magnesium, copper, selenium, and zinc, which necessitate assessment of these elements for early detection prostate cancer and monitoring the progression of the disease.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45158778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.30476/MEJC.2021.86695.1367
Allan L. Hilario, J. Medina, C. Silao
Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of breast is a rare type of breast cancer, which belongs to the triple-negative breast cancer associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Despite being classified as triple-negative breast cancer, ACC of breast is an indolent subtype with good biological behavior, less aggressive course, good response to treatment and clinical outcomes. It has generally a good overall survival with no propensity for metastasis. Thus, a correct diagnosis could be of great importance for providing proper and adequate treatment. Method: Published literature was reviewed to determine differentially expressed genes that could be used as biomarkers for this disease and to elucidate the biology and carcinogenesis of ACC of breast according to this genetic profile. Results: Several genes were differentially expressed and were found to belong to a wide range of biological processes. The most prevalent genetic alteration is a gene translocation that produces the MYB-NF1B fusion gene and the overexpression of MYB, which initiates tumorigenesis. This crucial genetic aberration is the hallmark of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The rest of the genes are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, stable epithelial phenotype, tumor suppression, and keeping an intact basement membrane, evasion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and prevention of metastasis. Conclusion: This gene expression is responsible for various biological processes that reflect the biology of ACC of breast with an indolent course and good clinical outcomes. This genetic profile impacts biomarker research and could be used to refine patient diagnosis and selection for appropriate and less aggressive treatment options.
{"title":"Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Breast: A Review of Molecular Markers to Elucidate its Cancer Biology","authors":"Allan L. Hilario, J. Medina, C. Silao","doi":"10.30476/MEJC.2021.86695.1367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/MEJC.2021.86695.1367","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of breast is a rare type of breast cancer, which belongs to the triple-negative breast cancer associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Despite being classified as triple-negative breast cancer, ACC of breast is an indolent subtype with good biological behavior, less aggressive course, good response to treatment and clinical outcomes. It has generally a good overall survival with no propensity for metastasis. Thus, a correct diagnosis could be of great importance for providing proper and adequate treatment. \u0000Method: Published literature was reviewed to determine differentially expressed genes that could be used as biomarkers for this disease and to elucidate the biology and carcinogenesis of ACC of breast according to this genetic profile. \u0000Results: Several genes were differentially expressed and were found to belong to a wide range of biological processes. The most prevalent genetic alteration is a gene translocation that produces the MYB-NF1B fusion gene and the overexpression of MYB, which initiates tumorigenesis. This crucial genetic aberration is the hallmark of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The rest of the genes are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, stable epithelial phenotype, tumor suppression, and keeping an intact basement membrane, evasion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and prevention of metastasis. \u0000Conclusion: This gene expression is responsible for various biological processes that reflect the biology of ACC of breast with an indolent course and good clinical outcomes. This genetic profile impacts biomarker research and could be used to refine patient diagnosis and selection for appropriate and less aggressive treatment options.","PeriodicalId":44005,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47828088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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