Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607432
O. E. Mazur, I. A. Kutyrev, L. V. Tolochko
Abstract
For the first time, an analysis of leukocyte changes in the organs of the immune system (pronephros, mesonephros, and spleen) of the Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius (Georgi, 1775) (Salmoniformes: Coregonidae) infected with Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (Nitsch, 1824) (syn. Diphyllobothrium dendriticum) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) is presented in natural habitat conditions. In the pronephros of infected fish, the number of poorly differentiated neutrophils (myelocytes and metamyelocytes) was significantly higher than in uninfected fish, which indicated inflammatory processes. D. dendriticus triggered the immunoregulatory processes in the body of infected fish, as evidenced by the decrease in the total number of lymphocytes and prolymphocytes (B-lymphocytes) in the pronephros and the increase in prolymphocytes in the spleen. The other effector elements (cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage, basophils, and eosinophils) were barely involved in antiparasitic defense.
{"title":"Leukocyte Composition of the Organs of the Immune System of Coregonus migratorius Infected with Dibothriocephalus dendriticus","authors":"O. E. Mazur, I. A. Kutyrev, L. V. Tolochko","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607432","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>For the first time, an analysis of leukocyte changes in the organs of the immune system (pronephros, mesonephros, and spleen) of the Baikal omul <i>Coregonus migratorius</i> (Georgi, 1775) (Salmoniformes: Coregonidae) infected with <i>Dibothriocephalus dendriticus</i> (Nitsch, 1824) (syn. <i>Diphyllobothrium dendriticum</i>) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) is presented in natural habitat conditions. In the pronephros of infected fish, the number of poorly differentiated neutrophils (myelocytes and metamyelocytes) was significantly higher than in uninfected fish, which indicated inflammatory processes. <i>D. dendriticus</i> triggered the immunoregulatory processes in the body of infected fish, as evidenced by the decrease in the total number of lymphocytes and prolymphocytes (B-lymphocytes) in the pronephros and the increase in prolymphocytes in the spleen. The other effector elements (cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage, basophils, and eosinophils) were barely involved in antiparasitic defense.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607444
O. V. Chubukova, L. R. Khakimova, R. T. Matnyazov, Z. R. Vershinina
Abstract
Three bacteria strains of Pseudomonas sp. resistant to heavy metals were isolated from chemically contaminated soil. An analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA and rpoD genes identified the Pseudomonas sp. 17 НМ strain as Pseudomonas capeferrum, and the strains of Pseudomonas sp. 65 НМ and 67 НМ were most closely related to the type strains of Pseudomonas silesiensis and Pseudomonas umsongensis, respectively. It was shown that the strains of Pseudomonas sp. 17 НМ, 65 НМ, and 67 НМ were characterized by different levels of resistance to heavy metals, with the maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of zinc being 1 mМ for all strains, that of cadmium, 1, 1.5, and 1 mМ; of lead, 5, 5, and 4 mМ; and of nickel, 7, 9, and 7 mМ, respectively. All Pseudomonas strains can form biofilms and have the properties of PGPR bacteria. Treatment of alfalfa seeds (Medicago sativa L.) with the strains of Pseudomonas sp. 17 НМ, 65 НМ, and 67 НМ under cadmium stress increased the dry weight of alfalfa seedlings up to 40% and the content of chlorophyll a and b in the leaves by 25–33% relative to the control.
摘要 从受化学污染的土壤中分离出三株对重金属有抗性的假单胞菌。通过分析 16S rRNA 和 rpoD 基因的核苷酸序列，确定 17 Н М 假单胞菌株为 Capeferrum 假单胞菌，65 Н М 假单胞菌株和 67 Н М 假单胞菌株分别与 Silesiensis 假单胞菌和 umsongensis 假单胞菌的模式菌株关系最为密切。研究表明，17 НМ、65 НМ和 67 НМ假单胞菌的菌株对重金属的抗性程度不同，所有菌株对锌的最大耐受浓度（MTC）均为 1 毫摩尔，对镉的最大耐受浓度（MTC）分别为 1、1.5 和 1 毫摩尔。镉的最大耐受浓度分别为 1、1.5 和 1 毫微米；铅的最大耐受浓度分别为 5、5 和 4 毫微米；镍的最大耐受浓度分别为 7、9 和 7 毫微米。所有假单胞菌菌株都能形成生物膜，并具有 PGPR 细菌的特性。在镉胁迫下，用 17 НМ、65 НМ和 67 НМ假单胞菌处理紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）种子，紫花苜蓿幼苗的干重比对照增加了 40%，叶片中叶绿素 a 和 b 的含量增加了 25-33%。
{"title":"Heavy Metal-Resistant PGPR Strains of Pseudomonas sp. Stimulating the Growth of Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress","authors":"O. V. Chubukova, L. R. Khakimova, R. T. Matnyazov, Z. R. Vershinina","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607444","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Three bacteria strains of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. resistant to heavy metals were isolated from chemically contaminated soil. An analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA and <i>rpoD</i> genes identified the <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. 17 НМ strain as <i>Pseudomonas capeferrum,</i> and the strains of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. 65 НМ and 67 НМ were most closely related to the type strains of <i>Pseudomonas silesiensis</i> and <i>Pseudomonas umsongensis</i>, respectively. It was shown that the strains of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. 17 НМ, 65 НМ, and 67 НМ were characterized by different levels of resistance to heavy metals, with the maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of zinc being 1 mМ for all strains, that of cadmium, 1, 1.5, and 1 mМ; of lead, 5, 5, and 4 mМ; and of nickel, 7, 9, and 7 mМ, respectively. All <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains can form biofilms and have the properties of PGPR bacteria. Treatment of alfalfa seeds (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) with the strains of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. 17 НМ, 65 НМ, and 67 НМ under cadmium stress increased the dry weight of alfalfa seedlings up to 40% and the content of chlorophyll <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> in the leaves by 25–33% relative to the control.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024608206
E. I. Naumova, G. K. Zharova, T. Yu. Chistova
Abstract
The dependence of the food passing through the digestive tract (DT) on feeding activity in the nocturnal rodent Meriones crassus was studied. Two groups of gerbils were housed in the laboratory under artificial lighting at a photoperiod of 12 : 12 L : D for 36 h. The groups were named “day” (L : D = 20 : 16) and “night” (L : D = 12 : 24) according to the predominance light or dark time during the experiment. The mean retention time of markers in the stomach in these groups was 20 and 30 h, respectively. The kinetics of the contents changed depending on the specific time of consumption of the markers and the saturation level of the rodents with food. During the daylight hours, sequential evacuation of markers entering the DT begins from the stomach after two hours, and at night, during a period of higher feeding activity, part of the food located in the fornix of the stomach and in the cecum stays here for a longer time. In the “day” group, by the end of the experiment, 84% of the markers were removed from the DT, and in the “night” group, about 55%.
摘要 研究了通过消化道（DT）的食物对夜间啮齿动物沙鼠摄食活动的依赖性。两组沙鼠被饲养在实验室中，在光周期为 12 : 12 L : D 的人工光照下生活了 36 小时。根据实验过程中主要的光照或黑暗时间，这两组沙鼠被命名为 "白天"（L : D = 20 : 16）和 "夜间"（L : D = 12 : 24）。这些组的标记物在胃中的平均滞留时间分别为 20 和 30 小时。胃内容物的动力学变化取决于啮齿动物摄入标记物的具体时间和食物饱和度。在白天，进入 DT 的标记物在两小时后开始从胃中依次排出，而在夜间，在进食活动较多的时期，位于胃穹窿和盲肠中的部分食物会在此停留较长时间。实验结束时，"白天 "组有 84% 的标记物从 DT 中清除，而 "夜间 "组则有 55% 左右。
{"title":"Dynamics of Food Passing through the Digestive Tract in the Nocturnal Rodent Meriones crassus as a Response to the Rhythm of Feeding Activity","authors":"E. I. Naumova, G. K. Zharova, T. Yu. Chistova","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024608206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024608206","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The dependence of the food passing through the digestive tract (DT) on feeding activity in the nocturnal rodent <i>Meriones crassus</i> was studied. Two groups of gerbils were housed in the laboratory under artificial lighting at a photoperiod of 12 : 12 L : D for 36 h. The groups were named “day” (L : D = 20 : 16) and “night” (L : D = 12 : 24) according to the predominance light or dark time during the experiment. The mean retention time of markers in the stomach in these groups was 20 and 30 h, respectively. The kinetics of the contents changed depending on the specific time of consumption of the markers and the saturation level of the rodents with food. During the daylight hours, sequential evacuation of markers entering the DT begins from the stomach after two hours, and at night, during a period of higher feeding activity, part of the food located in the fornix of the stomach and in the cecum stays here for a longer time. In the “day” group, by the end of the experiment, 84% of the markers were removed from the DT, and in the “night” group, about 55%.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607924
N. N. Kruglova, I. R. Galin, N. A. Yegorova
Abstract
The content of endogenous hormones (auxin IAA, cytokinines, ABA) in explants of various types (segments of the leaf, bud, and stem), primary calluses induced from them, and morphogenic and nonmorphogenic calluses at the initial stages of in vitro culture by the immunoassay method was studied for the first time for Lavandula angustifolia Mill. The maximum value of the hormone levels in explants such as segments of a bud was shown. An increase in the content of hormones in primary calluses was revealed in comparison with similar characteristics in all types of explants. The higher level of the active form of cytokinin (trans-zeatin) and ABA, as well as the lower level of the inactive form of cytokinin (zeatin-nucleotide) and auxin IAA, were identified in the morphogenic callus compared with the nonmorphogenic one. It is suggested that the content of endogenous hormones in explants and calluses of L. angustifolia is due to their histological status. A conclusion is made about the unified histophysiological mechanisms of callusogenesis and morphogenesis in vitro in the studied plant.
摘要 通过免疫测定法首次研究了Lavandula angustifolia Mill.的各种类型的外植体（叶片、芽和茎）、由外植体诱导的初生胼胝体以及离体培养初期的形态发生胼胝体和非形态发生胼胝体中内源激素（辅助素IAA、细胞分裂素、ABA）的含量。结果显示，芽片等外植体中的激素含量达到了最高值。与各类外植体的类似特征相比，原生胼胝体中的激素含量有所增加。与非形态发生茧相比，形态发生茧中细胞分裂素的活性形式（反式玉米素）和 ABA 的含量较高，而细胞分裂素的非活性形式（玉米素-核苷酸）和辅助素 IAA 的含量较低。研究表明，L. angustifolia 外植体和胼胝体中内源激素的含量与它们的组织学状态有关。研究得出的结论是，所研究植物的离体胼胝发生和形态发生的组织生理学机制是统一的。
{"title":"The Content of Endogenous Hormones in Explants and Calluses of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. at the Initial Stages of an In Vitro Culture","authors":"N. N. Kruglova, I. R. Galin, N. A. Yegorova","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607924","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The content of endogenous hormones (auxin IAA, cytokinines, ABA) in explants of various types (segments of the leaf, bud, and stem), primary calluses induced from them, and morphogenic and nonmorphogenic calluses at the initial stages of in vitro culture by the immunoassay method was studied for the first time for <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> Mill. The maximum value of the hormone levels in explants such as segments of a bud was shown. An increase in the content of hormones in primary calluses was revealed in comparison with similar characteristics in all types of explants. The higher level of the active form of cytokinin (<i>trans</i>-zeatin) and ABA, as well as the lower level of the inactive form of cytokinin (zeatin-nucleotide) and auxin IAA, were identified in the morphogenic callus compared with the nonmorphogenic one. It is suggested that the content of endogenous hormones in explants and calluses of <i>L. angustifolia</i> is due to their histological status. A conclusion is made about the unified histophysiological mechanisms of callusogenesis and morphogenesis in vitro in the studied plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606687
D. N. Fedorin, A. T. Eprintsev
Abstract
An increase in GDH activity has been established in the first six hours after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions, which ensures the formation of an adaptive response of cellular metabolism to the lack of oxygen in the cell. A difference in the transcriptional activity of homologous GDH-1 genes in wheat leaves under stress conditions was shown. An increase in the mRNA content of the GDH-1(5A) gene in wheat leaves after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions is observed in the first hours of the experiment, which correlates with a change in the catalytic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Regulation of this gene is carried out by the transcription factor HIF, the specific landing site of which is found in the transcription initiation site of the promoter of this gene.
{"title":"Molecular Aspects of Regulation of the Expression of Homologic Glutamate Dehydrogenase Genes in Wheat Leaves under Hypoxia","authors":"D. N. Fedorin, A. T. Eprintsev","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606687","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An increase in GDH activity has been established in the first six hours after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions, which ensures the formation of an adaptive response of cellular metabolism to the lack of oxygen in the cell. A difference in the transcriptional activity of homologous <i>GDH-1</i> genes in wheat leaves under stress conditions was shown. An increase in the mRNA content of the <i>GDH-1</i>(<i>5A</i>) gene in wheat leaves after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions is observed in the first hours of the experiment, which correlates with a change in the catalytic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Regulation of this gene is carried out by the transcription factor HIF, the specific landing site of which is found in the transcription initiation site of the promoter of this gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we aimed to develop a species-level phylogeny for the Nannospalax genus, identify cryptic species that are difficult to differentiate using standard methods, and further evaluate the relationships across chromosomal forms of several species. 16S rRNA gene sequences from 81 Turkish regions were evaluated and statistical analyzes were conducted. Results are as follows; (i) Nannospalax cilicicus was found to be monophyletic and sister in relation to Nannospalax xanthodon; (ii) We suggested for the first time that the Central-Anatolian populations should be classified under the species name Nannospalax cilicicus (stat. n.); (iii) the unidentified 2n = 52 cytotypes from Bolu and Nannospalax leucodon cytotypes were reciprocally monophyletic, these data support the notion that the 2n = 52 cytotypes from Bolu belong to an unidentified taxon; (iv) study also offered evidence for the monophyly of N. tuncelicus for the first time; (v) Nannospalax xanthodon (2n = 36, 38, and 40) and Nannospalax nehringi composed several species-specific clades, which form polytomy structure, so relationships between these species are still unclear.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Inference from 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing in Chromosome Races of the Genus Nannospalax Species (Rodentia: Spalacidae)","authors":"Teoman Kankılıç, Habibe Didem Çelikbilek, Tolga Kankılıç, Perinçek Seçkinozan Şeker, Engin Selvi, İlkay Civelek","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605281","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, we aimed to develop a species-level phylogeny for the <i>Nannospalax</i> genus, identify cryptic species that are difficult to differentiate using standard methods, and further evaluate the relationships across chromosomal forms of several species. <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequences from 81 Turkish regions were evaluated and statistical analyzes were conducted. Results are as follows; (i) <i>Nannospalax cilicicus</i> was found to be monophyletic and sister in relation to <i>Nannospalax xanthodon</i>; (ii) We suggested for the first time that the Central-Anatolian populations should be classified under the species name <i>Nannospalax cilicicus</i> (stat. n.); (iii) the unidentified 2<i>n</i> = 52 cytotypes from Bolu and <i>Nannospalax leucodon</i> cytotypes were reciprocally monophyletic, these data support the notion that the 2<i>n</i> = 52 cytotypes from Bolu belong to an unidentified taxon; (iv) study also offered evidence for the monophyly of <i>N. tuncelicus</i> for the first time; (v) <i>Nannospalax xanthodon</i> (2<i>n</i> = 36, 38, and 40) and <i>Nannospalax nehringi</i> composed several species-specific clades, which form polytomy structure, so relationships between these species are still unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607699
Archana Bachheti, Pratibha Naithani, Ashish Kumar Arya, Kamal Kant Joshi
Abstract
The present study aims to provide a comprehensive bird checklist of Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India. The study was conducted in from April 2020–March 2022. A total of 85 bird species belonging to 43 families were observed during the study period. The most abundant families were Motacillidae with Six species, followed by Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Muscicapidae, Sturnidae with five species each. Out of total 73 residents and 10 winters migratory and 2 summer migratory species were identified. The percentage of resident, winter visitor and Summer Migratory avian species was found to be 85.58, 11.76 and 2.35% respectively. The Analysis of RDi (relative diversity) results indicated that the family Motacillidae was the most diverse family, with the highest RDi value of 7.1. Total three avian species namely Red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) and Rock Pigeons (Columba livia) and Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) were dominantly spared in the University Campus. One species Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) which observed during the study falls under the Near Threatened (NT) category. The results of the study reflect the importance of such areas as important bird habitats where various local and migratory birds are found to rest and feed.
{"title":"Avian Diversity: A Comprehensive Bird Checklist of Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun (Western Himalaya), India","authors":"Archana Bachheti, Pratibha Naithani, Ashish Kumar Arya, Kamal Kant Joshi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607699","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present study aims to provide a comprehensive bird checklist of Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India. The study was conducted in from April 2020–March 2022. A total of 85 bird species belonging to 43 families were observed during the study period. The most abundant families were Motacillidae with Six species, followed by Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Muscicapidae, Sturnidae with five species each. Out of total 73 residents and 10 winters migratory and 2 summer migratory species were identified. The percentage of resident, winter visitor and Summer Migratory avian species was found to be 85.58, 11.76 and 2.35% respectively. The Analysis of RDi (relative diversity) results indicated that the family Motacillidae was the most diverse family, with the highest RDi value of 7.1. Total three avian species namely Red-vented bulbul (<i>Pycnonotus cafer</i>) and Rock Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) and Rose-ringed parakeet (<i>Psittacula krameri</i>) were dominantly spared in the University Campus. One species Alexandrine Parakeet (<i>Psittacula eupatria</i>) which observed during the study falls under the Near Threatened (NT) category. The results of the study reflect the importance of such areas as important bird habitats where various local and migratory birds are found to rest and feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024608401
D. Nihal, K. V. Aneesh Kumar, P. Saha, M. P. Rajeeshkumar, H. Manjebrayakath
Abstract
The present study provides length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors (Kn) estimates for ten deep-sea scorpaeniform fishes based on data consisting of new maximum size. The samples were collected from Sakthikulangara Harbour, located on the southwest coast of India, from September 2021 to December 2022. These samples were obtained as bycatch from deep-sea shrimp trawlers operating in the Arabian Sea at depths ranging from 200 to 420 m. The estimated b values ranged from 2.92 (Brachypterois serrulata) to 3.76 (Pterygotrigla arabica). The Kn ranged from 0.56 (Satyrichthys laticeps) to 1.53 (Neomerinthe erostris), with four species exhibiting Kn values higher than 1. The LWR estimates and Kn provided in this study are helpful to understand the growth characteristics of these data limited species and also to revalidate the modeled growth parameters using the Bayesian approach.
{"title":"Growth Characteristics of 10 Deep-Sea Demersal Scorpaenoid Fish Species from the Arabian Sea: Insights for Database Update and Fisheries Management","authors":"D. Nihal, K. V. Aneesh Kumar, P. Saha, M. P. Rajeeshkumar, H. Manjebrayakath","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024608401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024608401","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present study provides length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors (Kn) estimates for ten deep-sea scorpaeniform fishes based on data consisting of new maximum size. The samples were collected from Sakthikulangara Harbour, located on the southwest coast of India, from September 2021 to December 2022. These samples were obtained as bycatch from deep-sea shrimp trawlers operating in the Arabian Sea at depths ranging from 200 to 420 m. The estimated <i>b</i> values ranged from 2.92 (<i>Brachypterois serrulata</i>) to 3.76 (<i>Pterygotrigla arabica</i>). The Kn ranged from 0.56 (<i>Satyrichthys laticeps</i>) to 1.53 (<i>Neomerinthe erostris</i>), with four species exhibiting Kn values higher than 1. The LWR estimates and Kn provided in this study are helpful to understand the growth characteristics of these data limited species and also to revalidate the modeled growth parameters using the Bayesian approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607171
Faouzi Horchani, Amal Bouallegue, Ahmed Namsi, Zouhaier Abbes
Abstract
The effects of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA, 1 mM) and proline (Pro, 1 mM), were evaluated on the growth, nutritional behavior, some key biochemical attributes, oxidative damage indicators, osmolytes accumulation as well as antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum cv. Salammbô) grown in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. AsA or Pro supplementation ameliorated wheat seedlings’ growth and increased parameters that were reduced by salinity. Relative water content, total chlorophyll, K+ and total carbohydrates contents as well as K+/Na+ ratio and root-to-shoot K+ translocation were significantly increased. Osmoprotectant contents were remarkably accumulated, whereas Na+ content and root-to-shoot Na+ translocation were significantly declined. Additionally, exogenous AsA or Pro application enhanced the antioxidant defense system components and insured better oxidative stress tolerance, as indicated by reduced H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increased membrane stability index. Such effects were further enhanced following the simultaneous application of AsA and Pro, resulting in a better growth, as compared to single applications of these substances. Taken together, findings of this study provide strong arguments highlighting the potential synergy between exogenously applied AsA and Pro in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress of wheat plants at the early seedling stage.
摘要 评价了外源添加抗坏血酸（AsA，1 mM）和脯氨酸（Pro，1 mM）对在100 mM NaCl条件下生长的小麦幼苗（Triticum aestivum cv. Salammbô）的生长、营养行为、一些关键生化属性、氧化损伤指标、渗透溶质积累以及抗氧化系统的影响。AsA或Pro的补充改善了小麦幼苗的生长，并提高了因盐度而降低的参数。相对含水量、总叶绿素、K+和总碳水化合物含量、K+/Na+比率以及根到芽的K+转化率均显著增加。渗透保护剂含量明显增加，而 Na+ 含量和根-根之间的 Na+ 转化率则明显下降。此外，施用外源 AsA 或 Pro 能增强抗氧化防御系统成分，确保更好的氧化胁迫耐受性，如减少 H2O2 生成和脂质过氧化，从而提高膜稳定性指数。同时施用 AsA 和 Pro 后，上述效果进一步增强，与单一施用这两种物质相比，生长效果更好。总之，这项研究的结果提供了有力的论据，突出了外源施用 AsA 和 Pro 在减轻小麦植物幼苗期盐胁迫的不利影响方面的潜在协同作用。
{"title":"Simultaneous Application of Ascorbic Acid and Proline as a Smart Approach to Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"Faouzi Horchani, Amal Bouallegue, Ahmed Namsi, Zouhaier Abbes","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607171","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effects of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA, 1 mM) and proline (Pro, 1 mM), were evaluated on the growth, nutritional behavior, some key biochemical attributes, oxidative damage indicators, osmolytes accumulation as well as antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv. Salammbô) grown in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. AsA or Pro supplementation ameliorated wheat seedlings’ growth and increased parameters that were reduced by salinity. Relative water content, total chlorophyll, K<sup>+</sup> and total carbohydrates contents as well as K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio and root-to-shoot K<sup>+</sup> translocation were significantly increased. Osmoprotectant contents were remarkably accumulated, whereas Na<sup>+</sup> content and root-to-shoot Na<sup>+</sup> translocation were significantly declined. Additionally, exogenous AsA or Pro application enhanced the antioxidant defense system components and insured better oxidative stress tolerance, as indicated by reduced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production and lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increased membrane stability index. Such effects were further enhanced following the simultaneous application of AsA and Pro, resulting in a better growth, as compared to single applications of these substances. Taken together, findings of this study provide strong arguments highlighting the potential synergy between exogenously applied AsA and Pro in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress of wheat plants at the early seedling stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aims to understand the role of various morphological features of pollen grains in attachment with moth proboscides. To test the hypothesis, moth samples are collected from 11 sites in three districts of Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal, North East India. Pollen of 18 angiosperm families are isolated from the proboscides of 16 moth species in four families. We selected proboscides for the isolation of pollen because it is the most important organ of moths which interacts with flowers during moth visitation. The isolated pollen is studied for various morphological characters like pollen shape, unit, exine ornamentation, thickness, aperture numbers, and aperture types along with specialized structures i.e., viscin thread and pollenkitt, and analyzed for their attachment on the proboscides. The present study revealed the significant role of pollen shape, unit, exine characters, viscin thread, and pollenkitt in attachment with proboscides. Whereas, the aperture numbers and aperture types are found insignificant in the process of pollen attachment. Studies on the formation of viscin thread and pollenkitt may be established as an important tool to understand the specialized and generalized interactions between moths and angiosperms. The present study will open up a new horizon in pollination ecology.
{"title":"Unveiling the Role of Angiosperm Pollen Morphology in Attachment to the Moth (Lepidoptera) Proboscides","authors":"Dipayan Mitra, Rajesh Lenka, Monoranjan Chowdhury, Navneet Singh","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024608322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024608322","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The current study aims to understand the role of various morphological features of pollen grains in attachment with moth proboscides. To test the hypothesis, moth samples are collected from 11 sites in three districts of Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal, North East India. Pollen of 18 angiosperm families are isolated from the proboscides of 16 moth species in four families. We selected proboscides for the isolation of pollen because it is the most important organ of moths which interacts with flowers during moth visitation. The isolated pollen is studied for various morphological characters like pollen shape, unit, exine ornamentation, thickness, aperture numbers, and aperture types along with specialized structures i.e., viscin thread and pollenkitt, and analyzed for their attachment on the proboscides. The present study revealed the significant role of pollen shape, unit, exine characters, viscin thread, and pollenkitt in attachment with proboscides. Whereas, the aperture numbers and aperture types are found insignificant in the process of pollen attachment. Studies on the formation of viscin thread and pollenkitt may be established as an important tool to understand the specialized and generalized interactions between moths and angiosperms. The present study will open up a new horizon in pollination ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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