This study was conducted for the main purpose of evaluating the effect of resveratrol and curcumin on changes in fatty acid composition in liver and kidney tissues of rats exposed to DMBA. Resveratrol groups: 40 mg/kg resveratrol was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. Curcumin groups: 40 mg/kg curcumin was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. DMBA groups: A single dose of 20 mg/kg DMBA was administered once throughout the duration of the experiment. Fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterol analyses analyses were performed in tissues. Antioxidant tests were also performed. It was found that the amounts of C16:0, C17:0, C17:1 and C22:5 n3 decreased significantly in the liver tissue of rats administered DMBA, but the amounts of C20:3 n6 ve C22:6 n3 increased significantly. It was found that C16:0 and C18:2 n6c levels increased significantly in kidney tissue, but C17:1 level decreased significantly. As a result of the administration of Curcumin, Resveratrol, DMBA + Curcumin and DMBA + Resveratrol in both liver and kidney tissue, it was determined that some fatty acid values decreased significantly and some fatty acid values increased significantly. Compared to the DMBA group, it was determined that all groups studied had significant changes in the amount of some fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, sitosterols in tissues. In conclusion the administration of DMBA, resveratrol and curcumin both single and in combination, it was found that there may be significant changes in the fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterols in tissue.
{"title":"Effect of Resveratrol and Curcumin on Changes in Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Liver and Kidney Tissues of Rats Exposed to 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)","authors":"Yeşim Bulut Sıltar, Ersin Demir, Figen Erdem Erişir, Ayşe Erdoğdu, İbrahim Akın Temizer, Ökkeş Yılmaz","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606420","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study was conducted for the main purpose of evaluating the effect of resveratrol and curcumin on changes in fatty acid composition in liver and kidney tissues of rats exposed to DMBA. Resveratrol groups: 40 mg/kg resveratrol was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. Curcumin groups: 40 mg/kg curcumin was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. DMBA groups: A single dose of 20 mg/kg DMBA was administered once throughout the duration of the experiment. Fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterol analyses analyses were performed in tissues. Antioxidant tests were also performed. It was found that the amounts of C16:0, C17:0, C17:1 and C22:5 n3 decreased significantly in the liver tissue of rats administered DMBA, but the amounts of C20:3 n6 ve C22:6 n3 increased significantly. It was found that C16:0 and C18:2 n6c levels increased significantly in kidney tissue, but C17:1 level decreased significantly. As a result of the administration of Curcumin, Resveratrol, DMBA + Curcumin and DMBA + Resveratrol in both liver and kidney tissue, it was determined that some fatty acid values decreased significantly and some fatty acid values increased significantly. Compared to the DMBA group, it was determined that all groups studied had significant changes in the amount of some fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, sitosterols in tissues. In conclusion the administration of DMBA, resveratrol and curcumin both single and in combination, it was found that there may be significant changes in the fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterols in tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360616x
Civan Çelik, Nasir Ahmad Seraj, Selma Yasak, Yaşar Karakurt, İsa Telci, Emre Sevindik
Abstract
In the study, it was aimed to determine the molecular characterization and genetic relationships of Mentha species obtained from different countries and regions at the molecular level and to ensure the sustainability of these species. For this purpose, ISSR marker technique, which is effective in detecting polymorphism and genetic variation within and between Mentha species, was used. In the study a total of 460 allelic bands were detected, and all bands were found to be 100% polymorphic. The maximum number of bands was produced by the ISSR7 primer (25), but the minimum number of bands was produced by the ISSR12 primer (13). The highest PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) value was detected in the ISSR3 primer (0.521) but the lowest PIC value was determined in the 903 primer (0.203). Molecular datas were analyzed using the NTSYSpc 2.02 software and it was determined that the mint species were divided into two main groups. In the results obtained, it was determined that there was no relationship between the genetic diversity and geographical origins, and the populations from different geographical regions were in the same clusters. In the study, it was concluded that there was a significant molecular diversity among the species, and that some Mentha clones, which are defined by morphological features and still remain taxonomically uncertain, were belong to which species at the molecular level. Therefore, it is insufficient to classify species with morphochemical, morphological and phenotypic characteristics.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Genetic Relationships in Different Mint (Mentha L.) Species with ISSR Marker Technique","authors":"Civan Çelik, Nasir Ahmad Seraj, Selma Yasak, Yaşar Karakurt, İsa Telci, Emre Sevindik","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360616x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360616x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the study, it was aimed to determine the molecular characterization and genetic relationships of <i>Mentha</i> species obtained from different countries and regions at the molecular level and to ensure the sustainability of these species. For this purpose, ISSR marker technique, which is effective in detecting polymorphism and genetic variation within and between <i>Mentha</i> species, was used. In the study a total of 460 allelic bands were detected, and all bands were found to be 100% polymorphic. The maximum number of bands was produced by the ISSR7 primer (25), but the minimum number of bands was produced by the ISSR12 primer (13). The highest PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) value was detected in the ISSR3 primer (0.521) but the lowest PIC value was determined in the 903 primer (0.203). Molecular datas were analyzed using the NTSYSpc 2.02 software and it was determined that the mint species were divided into two main groups. In the results obtained, it was determined that there was no relationship between the genetic diversity and geographical origins, and the populations from different geographical regions were in the same clusters. In the study, it was concluded that there was a significant molecular diversity among the species, and that some <i>Mentha</i> clones, which are defined by morphological features and still remain taxonomically uncertain, were belong to which species at the molecular level. Therefore, it is insufficient to classify species with morphochemical, morphological and phenotypic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606584
Yan Zhou, Weiting Huang
Abstract
Dendrobium species, esteemed as a group of orchid plants with important ornamental and medicinal value, are currently experiencing significant developmental advancements. This research encompasses a comprehensive review of Dendrobium tissue culture literature spanning 2008 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Employing the bibliometric analysis tool CiteSpace, we conducted a visualization and presentation of data encompassing research institutions, authorship patterns, key terminology, and emergent themes, elucidating the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of Dendrobium tissue culture research. After thorough screening, a total of 261 papers were included in this study. The publication count exhibited a consistent annual increase. Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Sains Malaysia, North Eastern Hill Univ, Univ Debrecen, and Univ Putra Malaysia emerged as primary research institutions, while a core team led by J.A. Teixeira da Silva, S. Sreeramanan, S. Kumaria, and N. Chen played a dominant role. Central research themes revolve around optimizing the tissue culture system of medicinal Dendrobium, and exploring the genetic stability and gene function. Furthermore, the field is witnessing a trajectory towards future multidisciplinary cross-collaboration.
摘要 铁皮石斛被誉为具有重要观赏和药用价值的兰科植物，目前正经历着重大的发展进步。本研究对 2008 年至 2023 年的石斛组织培养文献进行了全面回顾，这些文献来自科学网核心收藏数据库。利用文献计量分析工具 CiteSpace，我们对包括研究机构、作者模式、关键术语和新兴主题在内的数据进行了可视化和展示，阐明了铁皮石斛组织培养研究的现状、热点和前沿。经过全面筛选，共有 261 篇论文被纳入本研究。论文发表数量呈逐年上升趋势。中国科学院、马来西亚理科大学、东北山大学、德布勒森大学和马来西亚普特拉大学成为主要研究机构，而由 J.A. Teixeira da Silva、S. Sreeramanan、S. Kumaria 和 N. Chen 领导的核心团队则发挥了主导作用。中心研究课题围绕优化药用铁皮石斛的组织培养系统、探索遗传稳定性和基因功能展开。此外，该领域正朝着未来多学科交叉合作的方向发展。
{"title":"Visual Analysis of Research Status and Trends of Dendrobium Tissue Culture Based on CiteSpace","authors":"Yan Zhou, Weiting Huang","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606584","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Dendrobium</i> species, esteemed as a group of orchid plants with important ornamental and medicinal value, are currently experiencing significant developmental advancements. This research encompasses a comprehensive review of <i>Dendrobium</i> tissue culture literature spanning 2008 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Employing the bibliometric analysis tool CiteSpace, we conducted a visualization and presentation of data encompassing research institutions, authorship patterns, key terminology, and emergent themes, elucidating the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of <i>Dendrobium</i> tissue culture research. After thorough screening, a total of 261 papers were included in this study. The publication count exhibited a consistent annual increase. Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Sains Malaysia, North Eastern Hill Univ, Univ Debrecen, and Univ Putra Malaysia emerged as primary research institutions, while a core team led by J.A. Teixeira da Silva, S. Sreeramanan, S. Kumaria, and N. Chen played a dominant role. Central research themes revolve around optimizing the tissue culture system of medicinal <i>Dendrobium</i>, and exploring the genetic stability and gene function. Furthermore, the field is witnessing a trajectory towards future multidisciplinary cross-collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605438
Rakesh Goswami, Farah Bano, Agha Parvez Masih, Mohd Serajuddin
Abstract
The wild population of Eutropiichthys vacha, Ompok pabda, Chitala chitala and Botio lohachata has been declined and is presently listed under threatened category owing to reduced abundance. A total of 308 samples of 4 threatened species representing three order and four families were procured during April 2019 to March 2020 from 6 different sites (Ghazipur, Jaunpur, Sultanpur, Barabanki, Lucknow and Sitapur) of River Gomti. A minimum of 10 female individuals were selected to study the biometry, health and absolute fecundity. In the present study, the value of regression coefficient (b) obtained via length-weight relationship showed high heterogeneity where a fish showed isometric (b = 3), negative (b < 3) to positive (b > 3) allometric growth patterns. Fulton’s condition factor (K) was relatively found to be less than “1” which reflects the depletion in energy reserves except in B. lohachata collected from Jaunpur. The absolute fecundity varied from 1604 to 9049 and significantly different at the level of p < 0.001. In E. vacha, the “b” value ranges between 1.006–3.035, in O. pabda, the “b” value ranges between 2.628–3.469 and in C. chitala the “b” value was 2.426 and 3.255 and in B. lohachata the value of “b” was 3.180 which are considered to be the new record for fishdata base. The present study contributes the comparative description of growth pattern, well being and reproductive parameters of selected threatened fishes of River Gomti, India. The information gathered will be considered as baseline knowledge for future research to contemplate management strategies with reference to selected threatened fish species.
{"title":"Biometry and Fecundity of Some Threatened Fish Species of River Gomti of Northern India","authors":"Rakesh Goswami, Farah Bano, Agha Parvez Masih, Mohd Serajuddin","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605438","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The wild population of <i>Eutropiichthys vacha, Ompok pabda, Chitala chitala</i> and <i>Botio lohachata</i> has been declined and is presently listed under threatened category owing to reduced abundance. A total of 308 samples of 4 threatened species representing three order and four families were procured during April 2019 to March 2020 from 6 different sites (Ghazipur, Jaunpur, Sultanpur, Barabanki, Lucknow and Sitapur) of River Gomti. A minimum of 10 female individuals were selected to study the biometry, health and absolute fecundity. In the present study, the value of regression coefficient (<i>b</i>) obtained via length-weight relationship showed high heterogeneity where a fish showed isometric (<i>b</i> = 3), negative (<i>b</i> < 3) to positive (<i>b</i> > 3) allometric growth patterns. Fulton’s condition factor (K) was relatively found to be less than “1” which reflects the depletion in energy reserves except in <i>B. lohachata</i> collected from Jaunpur. The absolute fecundity varied from 1604 to 9049 and significantly different at the level of <i>p</i> < 0.001. In <i>E. vacha</i>, the “<i>b</i>” value ranges between 1.006–3.035, in <i>O. pabda</i>, the “<i>b</i>” value ranges between 2.628–3.469 and in <i>C. chitala</i> the “<i>b</i>” value was 2.426 and 3.255 and in <i>B. lohachata</i> the value of “<i>b</i>” was 3.180 which are considered to be the new record for fishdata base. The present study contributes the comparative description of growth pattern, well being and reproductive parameters of selected threatened fishes of River Gomti, India. The information gathered will be considered as baseline knowledge for future research to contemplate management strategies with reference to selected threatened fish species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024604725
İ. Karakaş, N. Hacıoğlu Doğru, Ç. Gül, M. Tosunoğlu
Abstract
Microflora of reptiles and amphibians pose a serious threat to the environment and humans, as these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobials or have more virulence factors. In this study, we focused on the characterization of Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from Mauremys rivulata (Western Caspian turtle), Natrix natrix (Grass snake), Natrix tessellata (Dice snake) and Pelophylax bedriagae (Levantine frog) using cultural methods and determine some virulence factors (antibiotic resistance, VanA and TetM resistant genes, biofilm, siderophore and some enzymatic activities etc.). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) and virulence index (VI) of each strain were also calculated. A total of 85 Gram-negative isolates exhibited varying levels of antibiotic resistance and the ability to produce one or more extracellular enzymes such as amylase, lecithinase, protease, lipase, hemolysis, siderophore, amino acid decarboxylase and DNase. Although the TetM has been identified in all 7 isolates, none of the isolates have shown the presence of the VanA gene. According to MAR and VI results, most of the isolates were found to be in the high threat group and these indexes were correlated with antibiotic resistance. The study data revealed that chemicals used in industry and agriculture both trigger environmental pollution and pose risk factors for wildlife.
摘要 爬行动物和两栖动物的微生物菌群对环境和人类构成了严重威胁，因为这些细菌对抗菌药具有更强的抗药性或具有更多的致病因子。在这项研究中，我们重点使用培养方法分析了从 Mauremys rivulata（西里海龟）、Natrix natrix（草蛇）、Natrix tessellata（骰子蛇）和 Pelophylax bedriagae（阆中蛙）分离的革兰氏阴性细菌的特征，并确定了一些毒力因子（抗生素耐药性、VanA 和 TetM 耐药基因、生物膜、嗜苷酸和一些酶活性等）。此外，还计算了各菌株的多重抗生素耐药性（MAR）和毒力指数（VI）。共有 85 株革兰氏阴性分离菌株表现出不同程度的抗生素耐药性，并能产生一种或多种胞外酶，如淀粉酶、卵磷脂酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、溶血酶、嗜苷酸酶、氨基酸脱羧酶和脱氧核糖核酸酶。虽然在所有 7 个分离物中都发现了 TetM 基因，但没有一个分离物显示存在 VanA 基因。根据 MAR 和 VI 结果，发现大多数分离物属于高威胁组，这些指数与抗生素耐药性相关。研究数据显示，工业和农业中使用的化学品都会引发环境污染，并对野生动物构成危险因素。
{"title":"Determination of Pathogenicity of Bacteria Isolated from Some Aquatic Amphibian and Reptile Species","authors":"İ. Karakaş, N. Hacıoğlu Doğru, Ç. Gül, M. Tosunoğlu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024604725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024604725","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Microflora of reptiles and amphibians pose a serious threat to the environment and humans, as these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobials or have more virulence factors. In this study, we focused on the characterization of Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from <i>Mauremys rivulata</i> (Western Caspian turtle), <i>Natrix natrix</i> (Grass snake), <i>Natrix tessellata</i> (Dice snake) and <i>Pelophylax bedriagae</i> (Levantine frog) using cultural methods and determine some virulence factors (antibiotic resistance, VanA and TetM resistant genes, biofilm, siderophore and some enzymatic activities etc.). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) and virulence index (VI) of each strain were also calculated. A total of 85 Gram-negative isolates exhibited varying levels of antibiotic resistance and the ability to produce one or more extracellular enzymes such as amylase, lecithinase, protease, lipase, hemolysis, siderophore, amino acid decarboxylase and DNase. Although the TetM has been identified in all 7 isolates, none of the isolates have shown the presence of the VanA gene. According to MAR and VI results, most of the isolates were found to be in the high threat group and these indexes were correlated with antibiotic resistance. The study data revealed that chemicals used in industry and agriculture both trigger environmental pollution and pose risk factors for wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606225
V. Nayana Prakash, K. Pranav, Arun Christy, Siljo Joseph, K. A. Sreejith, V. B. Sreekumar, T. S. Jincy
Abstract
The paper presents the first-ever report of lichens from Sholayar 10 ha permanent plot, with a total of 38 species under 23 genera and 14 families. Of these, one species, Allographa cinerea (Fée) Lücking and Kalb reported as new to India, and nine species namely Coenogonium dilucidum (Kremp.) Kalb and Lücking, Crypthonia albida (Fée) Frisch, Enterographa divergens (Müll. Arg.) Redinger, Graphis indica J. Kalb and Kalb, Malmidea fuscella (Müll. Arg.) Kalb and Lücking, Malmidea piae (Kalb) Kalb, Malmidea subgranifera (Kalb and Elix) Kalb and Elix, and Porina subinterstes (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. as new distributional records to Kerala. The genus Crypthonia is reported for the first time in Kerala.
{"title":"Lichens of the Sholayar 10 ha Permanent Plot, Western Ghats with Allographa cinerea as New to India","authors":"V. Nayana Prakash, K. Pranav, Arun Christy, Siljo Joseph, K. A. Sreejith, V. B. Sreekumar, T. S. Jincy","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606225","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper presents the first-ever report of lichens from Sholayar 10 ha permanent plot, with a total of 38 species under 23 genera and 14 families. Of these, one species, <i>Allographa cinerea</i> (Fée) Lücking and Kalb reported as new to India, and nine species namely <i>Coenogonium dilucidum</i> (Kremp.) Kalb and Lücking, <i>Crypthonia albida</i> (Fée) Frisch, <i>Enterographa divergens</i> (Müll. Arg.) Redinger, <i>Graphis indica</i> J. Kalb and Kalb, <i>Malmidea fuscella</i> (Müll. Arg.) Kalb and Lücking, <i>Malmidea piae</i> (Kalb) Kalb, <i>Malmidea subgranifera</i> (Kalb and Elix) Kalb and Elix, and <i>Porina subinterstes</i> (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. as new distributional records to Kerala. The genus <i>Crypthonia</i> is reported for the first time in Kerala.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study describes a new record of Coniolepiotaspongodes from India. Coniolepiotaspongodes is a monotypic taxon of the genus Coniolepiota and is characterized by a white to purplish white pileus; stipe with powdery coverings; free lamellae with smooth margins appearing cream to pale yellowish in colour; pungent odour; ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores measuring 4.0–6.0 × 2.5–4.1 µm; irregular cylindrical squamules cells on the pileus and stipe surface. A comprehensive morphological description, photographs, and molecular sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of the present collections are provided.
{"title":"A New Record of a Mono-Typic Taxon, Coniolepiota spongodes (Agaricaceae, Agaricales), from India Based on Morpho-Molecular Studies","authors":"Mairingdi Jarambusa, Pinky Rani Biswas, Pinaki Chattopadhyay, Pradip Kumar Baruah, Arun Kumar Dutta","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024606700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024606700","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present study describes a new record of <i>Coniolepiota</i> <i>spongodes</i> from India. <i>Coniolepiota</i> <i>spongodes</i> is a monotypic taxon of the genus <i>Coniolepiota</i> and is characterized by a white to purplish white pileus; stipe with powdery coverings; free lamellae with smooth margins appearing cream to pale yellowish in colour; pungent odour; ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores measuring 4.0–6.0 × 2.5–4.1 µm; irregular cylindrical squamules cells on the pileus and stipe surface. A comprehensive morphological description, photographs, and molecular sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of the present collections are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605293
N. A. Shchipanov, A. A. Kalinin
Abstract
Ecosystem change is an everyday reality, and assessment of its ability to provide men with products and services of the ecosystem (fresh water, climate, soil fertility, etc.), which are necessary for human welfare, is an urgent applied issue. The question as to “whether changes in the loss of biological diversity will affect the functioning of local ecosystems” is attracting increasing attention. In this first paper, we consider modern approaches to ecosystem monitoring. The concept of historical and novel ecosystems, ecosystem resilience, threshold effects, theory-driven restoration, and social–ecological considerations are reviewed. The principles of indication, requirements for indicators, possibilities, and prospects for the use of small mammals as indicators of the dynamics of local ecosystems are considered.
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Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023602951
O. E. Mazur, A. S. Fomina
Abstract
Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda: Notocotilidae) is a widespread species in the Holarctic that parasitizes the cecum of the muskrat. The results of micromorphological studies of parenchymal organs of the muskrat at a high intensity of invasion by Q. quinqueserialis are presented for the first time. In infected muskrats, activation of the B-cell and macrophage components of the immune system was established against the background of inhibition of granulocytic reactions in the spleen. Various types of dystrophies were detected in the liver, and, with the formation of functional maladjustment of the organ, inflammatory changes were recorded in the kidneys with signs of alterative, necrobiotic processes. The development of destructive pathomorphological processes indicates the participation of trematodes in the pathogenesis of this parasitosis. The obtained data provide new information for understanding the functions of the lymphoid and parenchymal organs in wild rodents with trematodosis.
摘要 Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis（吸虫纲：Notocotilidae）是一种广泛分布于北极地区的物种，寄生于麝鼠的盲肠。本文首次介绍了在麝鼠受到Q. quinqueserialis高强度入侵时对其实质器官进行微形态学研究的结果。在受感染的麝鼠体内，免疫系统中的 B 细胞和巨噬细胞成分被激活，而脾脏中的粒细胞反应受到抑制。在肝脏中发现了各种类型的萎缩，随着器官功能失调的形成，在肾脏中记录到了炎症变化，并伴有改变和坏死过程的迹象。破坏性病理形态过程的发展表明，吸虫参与了这种寄生虫病的发病机制。所获得的数据为了解患有吸虫病的野生啮齿动物的淋巴器官和实质器官的功能提供了新的信息。
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Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605402
S. M. Razgulin, L. V. Voronin
Abstract
For two years, the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the process of net ammonification in soddy-podzolic soil of the sorrel–blueberry birch forest of Yaroslavl oblast was determined using inhibitory analysis. It was established that the litter is characterized by equal participation of fungi and bacteria in this process. In the humus horizon, a slight excess of fungi over bacteria was noted in years of normal moisture and there was a clear dominance of fungi in dry years. In the eluvial part of the profile, the close contribution of these groups was noted, with an insignificant prevalence of one of them over the years of study. The maximum air temperature is able to change the seasonal dynamics of the abundance of saprotrophic fungi in the soil and to some extent form the generic structure of the mycobiota in the horizons of the soil profile of the birch forest.
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