Introduction: Bevacizumab has been shown to improve progression-free survival in women with ovarian cancer in multiple clinical trials. Cardiovascular toxicity is reported in the case of a long term survivor of recurrent ovarian cancer. Case Report: A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed as stage IIIC, Grade 3 endomitriod adenocarcinoma of the ovary. She had been treated with 4 debulking surgeries and 6 different chemotherapy regimens for 9 years. However, remission diminished over this time period to only one month. Bevacizumab was administrated with additional chemotherapies, and prolonged survival was demonstrated over the next 5 years, including ongoing remission of 18 months to date. New onset hypertension was developed at the 10 th month of bevacizumab treatment, and proteinuria was found at the 12 th month. Patient presented symptoms of coronary artery disease during the 31 th month of bevacizumab treatment, and was soon treated with 4 stents, whereby symptoms resolved. After the 36 th month of bevacizumab, the patient had non ST elevated myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. Bevacizumab was terminated thereafter. In the following 18 months, the patient was treated with angioplasty 2 times for coronary artery occlusion, and with an additional stent. This was followed with coronary artery bypass graft. She also had an angioplasty for right femoral artery stenosis. Throughout most of the 14 year disease course, the patient maintained a good quality of life. As patients achieve long term survival from bevacizumab treatment, cardiovascular complications should be recognized and treated aggressively to minimize the adverse effects of cancer therapy.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Toxicity of Bevacizumab in Long-term Survival of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report","authors":"Yi Pan","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bevacizumab has been shown to improve progression-free survival in women with ovarian cancer in multiple clinical trials. Cardiovascular toxicity is reported in the case of a long term survivor of recurrent ovarian cancer. Case Report: A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed as stage IIIC, Grade 3 endomitriod adenocarcinoma of the ovary. She had been treated with 4 debulking surgeries and 6 different chemotherapy regimens for 9 years. However, remission diminished over this time period to only one month. Bevacizumab was administrated with additional chemotherapies, and prolonged survival was demonstrated over the next 5 years, including ongoing remission of 18 months to date. New onset hypertension was developed at the 10 th month of bevacizumab treatment, and proteinuria was found at the 12 th month. Patient presented symptoms of coronary artery disease during the 31 th month of bevacizumab treatment, and was soon treated with 4 stents, whereby symptoms resolved. After the 36 th month of bevacizumab, the patient had non ST elevated myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. Bevacizumab was terminated thereafter. In the following 18 months, the patient was treated with angioplasty 2 times for coronary artery occlusion, and with an additional stent. This was followed with coronary artery bypass graft. She also had an angioplasty for right femoral artery stenosis. Throughout most of the 14 year disease course, the patient maintained a good quality of life. As patients achieve long term survival from bevacizumab treatment, cardiovascular complications should be recognized and treated aggressively to minimize the adverse effects of cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/CCO.V5N2P1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70722726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy Schleper, Debra K Sullivan, J Brantley Thrasher, Jeffrey M Holzbeierlein, Jennifer Klemp, Christie Befort, Jill M Hamilton-Reeves
Obese men have a higher rate of prostate cancer-related death than non-obese men, and obesity increases the risk of prostate cancer progression and biochemical recurrence. The purpose of this study was to assess needs and interests of men for a technology-driven weight loss intervention to reduce prostate cancer risk. We distributed a survey collecting demographic characteristics, health history, exercise and eating habits (and perception of those habits), current and prior attempts of health behavior change, and technology use. Survey answers were summarized by count and percent of total respondents. Completed surveys (N = 109) described men with a family history of prostate cancer (25%), a history of elevated prostate specific antigen (26%), and prostate cancer survivors (22%). We compared body mass index (BMI) to perception of weight; overweight and obese men perceived their weight as more normal than their BMI category suggests. Most men reported their diet needed minor improvement (74%), and 65% of men reported they are either currently trying to lose weight or interested in weight loss. Most respondents access the internet (92%), while text messaging (60%) and smartphone application use (40%) are less frequent, especially in men over 60. Our results revealed a need and willingness for lifestyle modification and suggest a need for evidence-based weight loss strategies and for addressing the misperception of weight status. A male-tailored intervention that implements technology could improve energy balance, hold men accountable to healthy behavior change, and promote dietary patterns in order to reduce prostate cancer risk.
{"title":"Weight Management to Reduce Prostate Cancer Risk: A Survey of Men's Needs and Interests.","authors":"Amy Schleper, Debra K Sullivan, J Brantley Thrasher, Jeffrey M Holzbeierlein, Jennifer Klemp, Christie Befort, Jill M Hamilton-Reeves","doi":"10.5539/cco.v5n1p43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cco.v5n1p43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obese men have a higher rate of prostate cancer-related death than non-obese men, and obesity increases the risk of prostate cancer progression and biochemical recurrence. The purpose of this study was to assess needs and interests of men for a technology-driven weight loss intervention to reduce prostate cancer risk. We distributed a survey collecting demographic characteristics, health history, exercise and eating habits (and perception of those habits), current and prior attempts of health behavior change, and technology use. Survey answers were summarized by count and percent of total respondents. Completed surveys (N = 109) described men with a family history of prostate cancer (25%), a history of elevated prostate specific antigen (26%), and prostate cancer survivors (22%). We compared body mass index (BMI) to perception of weight; overweight and obese men perceived their weight as more normal than their BMI category suggests. Most men reported their diet needed minor improvement (74%), and 65% of men reported they are either currently trying to lose weight or interested in weight loss. Most respondents access the internet (92%), while text messaging (60%) and smartphone application use (40%) are less frequent, especially in men over 60. Our results revealed a need and willingness for lifestyle modification and suggest a need for evidence-based weight loss strategies and for addressing the misperception of weight status. A male-tailored intervention that implements technology could improve energy balance, hold men accountable to healthy behavior change, and promote dietary patterns in order to reduce prostate cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/cco.v5n1p43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34669893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umar Mahmood, Jessica Suber, Ronit H. Zadikany, Brian C. Kellogg, W. Fulp, C. Laronga, D. Dayicioğlu, Paul D. Smith
Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a technically feasible and oncologically sound option for patients who meet eligibility criteria. Inframammary fold (IMF) incision results in a well-hidden scar and enhanced final aesthetic result. While oncologic eligibility criteria have been well established, reconstructive criteria are less defined. We report Moffitt Cancer Center's (MCC) outcomes with IMF incision for NSM and immediate reconstruction, and factors associated with increased complication rate. Methods: IRB approved retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent NSM through an IMF approach with immediate reconstruction at MCC from 2006-2013 was conducted. Analysis included patient demographics, tumor characteristics, ancillary treatment, reconstructive method, and nipple and skin flap necrosis. A literature review was performed to compare outcomes with other types of incisions. Results: 115 patients met inclusion criteria, representing 199 breasts. The average age was 48.1 (range 18-74). The two main complication categories evaluated were nipple necrosis (8%) and skin flap necrosis (10.6%). Older age demonstrated a significant relationship with skin flap necrosis (p=0.0155) and overall complications (p=0.0492). Complication rate was significantly higher in the cancer side vs. prophylactic side in patients who underwent bilateral mastectomies (p=0.0088). Factors with trends related to increased skin flap necrosis included increased mastectomy specimen weight (p=0.0704), smoking (p=0.0726), and significant comorbidities (p=0.0665). Conclusion: Our institution's results substantiate that NSM through an IMF approach with immediate reconstruction is a viable option. Recognized risk factors such as age, laterality, breast weight, smoking history, and comorbidities associated with increased complications should be considered when determining patient selection for reconstruction.
{"title":"Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy via Inframammary Fold: Reconstructive Red Flags","authors":"Umar Mahmood, Jessica Suber, Ronit H. Zadikany, Brian C. Kellogg, W. Fulp, C. Laronga, D. Dayicioğlu, Paul D. Smith","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a technically feasible and oncologically sound option for patients who meet eligibility criteria. Inframammary fold (IMF) incision results in a well-hidden scar and enhanced final aesthetic result. While oncologic eligibility criteria have been well established, reconstructive criteria are less defined. We report Moffitt Cancer Center's (MCC) outcomes with IMF incision for NSM and immediate reconstruction, and factors associated with increased complication rate. Methods: IRB approved retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent NSM through an IMF approach with immediate reconstruction at MCC from 2006-2013 was conducted. Analysis included patient demographics, tumor characteristics, ancillary treatment, reconstructive method, and nipple and skin flap necrosis. A literature review was performed to compare outcomes with other types of incisions. Results: 115 patients met inclusion criteria, representing 199 breasts. The average age was 48.1 (range 18-74). The two main complication categories evaluated were nipple necrosis (8%) and skin flap necrosis (10.6%). Older age demonstrated a significant relationship with skin flap necrosis (p=0.0155) and overall complications (p=0.0492). Complication rate was significantly higher in the cancer side vs. prophylactic side in patients who underwent bilateral mastectomies (p=0.0088). Factors with trends related to increased skin flap necrosis included increased mastectomy specimen weight (p=0.0704), smoking (p=0.0726), and significant comorbidities (p=0.0665). Conclusion: Our institution's results substantiate that NSM through an IMF approach with immediate reconstruction is a viable option. Recognized risk factors such as age, laterality, breast weight, smoking history, and comorbidities associated with increased complications should be considered when determining patient selection for reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70722324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Q Yousif, Shadi A. Qasem, M. Beaty, S. Bergman
Primary soft tissue lymphoma is very rare. Herein we describe a case of a previously healthy patient with a tumor presenting clinically as a soft tissue mass and suspected to be a soft tissue sarcoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This was initially diagnosed as an atypical lipomatous tumor on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy; however, surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The purpose of this report is to emphasize this potential diagnostic pitfall and describe briefly the cytologic features of soft tissue lymphoma.
{"title":"Soft Tissue Lymphoma Mimicking a Lipomatous Tumor on Fine Needle Aspiration: A Diagnostic Pitfall","authors":"Mustafa Q Yousif, Shadi A. Qasem, M. Beaty, S. Bergman","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P73","url":null,"abstract":"Primary soft tissue lymphoma is very rare. Herein we describe a case of a previously healthy patient with a tumor presenting clinically as a soft tissue mass and suspected to be a soft tissue sarcoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This was initially diagnosed as an atypical lipomatous tumor on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy; however, surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The purpose of this report is to emphasize this potential diagnostic pitfall and describe briefly the cytologic features of soft tissue lymphoma.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70722869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adenocarcinoma of prostate gland is an internationally important health problem in men, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the prostatic tissue levels of trace elements exist in the malignantly transformed prostate. Prostatic tissue levels of 43 trace elements were prospectively evaluated in 36 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and 37 healthy males. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis. The reliability of difference in the results between normal and cancerous prostate tissues was evaluated by Student’s t-test. It was found that the contents of Ag, Al, Au, B, Be, Br, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hg, Li, Mn, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sb, Sn, Th, Tl, Y, and Zr were significantly higher while those of Cd, Co, Rb, Sc, Se, and Zn were significantly lower in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, it was shown that malignant transformation significantly changed the relationships of trace elements in prostate. Thus, in adenocarcinoma transformed prostate tissue the trace element metabolism is significantly disturbed.
{"title":"Prostatic Tissue Levels of 43 Trace Elements in Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma","authors":"V. Zaichick, S. Zaichick","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P79","url":null,"abstract":"Adenocarcinoma of prostate gland is an internationally important health problem in men, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the prostatic tissue levels of trace elements exist in the malignantly transformed prostate. Prostatic tissue levels of 43 trace elements were prospectively evaluated in 36 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and 37 healthy males. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis. The reliability of difference in the results between normal and cancerous prostate tissues was evaluated by Student’s t-test. It was found that the contents of Ag, Al, Au, B, Be, Br, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hg, Li, Mn, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sb, Sn, Th, Tl, Y, and Zr were significantly higher while those of Cd, Co, Rb, Sc, Se, and Zn were significantly lower in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, it was shown that malignant transformation significantly changed the relationships of trace elements in prostate. Thus, in adenocarcinoma transformed prostate tissue the trace element metabolism is significantly disturbed.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70722923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kelly, J. Buckley, G. Watson, D. Carney, J. M. Caffrey
Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical role and side effect profile of adjuvant carboplatin in patients with clinical stage one seminoma. Methods: Twenty four patients with stage one seminoma who were treated with carboplatin were assessed retrospectively. Result: 54% (13/24) of patients experienced no acute toxicities with carboplatin.17%(8/24) had grade 1 myelosupression, 8% (2/24)had fatigue and 4%(1/24) had epididymo-orchitis.In terms of long-term toxicities due to carboplatin; 67% (15/24) were well at follow up,13% (3/24) had gastrointestinal toxicity,8% (2/24) had pulmonary changes ,4% (1/24)had grade two fatigue,4%(1/24) had a cardiac event and 4%(1/24) had erectile dysfunction.17% (4/24)had high risk histologic features with a tumour size greater than 4 cm and rete testis involvement.4% (1/24) patient had recurrent disease. 4% (1/24) patient had a second malignancy. All patients were alive at follow up. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that carboplatin is a safe and well tolerated alternative to Active Surveillance in a selected group of patients.
{"title":"A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis of Toxicity, Prognostication and Oncological Outcomes in Clinical Stage One Seminoma Treated with Carboplatin","authors":"D. Kelly, J. Buckley, G. Watson, D. Carney, J. M. Caffrey","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P95","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical role and side effect profile of adjuvant carboplatin in patients with clinical stage one seminoma. Methods: Twenty four patients with stage one seminoma who were treated with carboplatin were assessed retrospectively. Result: 54% (13/24) of patients experienced no acute toxicities with carboplatin.17%(8/24) had grade 1 myelosupression, 8% (2/24)had fatigue and 4%(1/24) had epididymo-orchitis.In terms of long-term toxicities due to carboplatin; 67% (15/24) were well at follow up,13% (3/24) had gastrointestinal toxicity,8% (2/24) had pulmonary changes ,4% (1/24)had grade two fatigue,4%(1/24) had a cardiac event and 4%(1/24) had erectile dysfunction.17% (4/24)had high risk histologic features with a tumour size greater than 4 cm and rete testis involvement.4% (1/24) patient had recurrent disease. 4% (1/24) patient had a second malignancy. All patients were alive at follow up. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that carboplatin is a safe and well tolerated alternative to Active Surveillance in a selected group of patients.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P95","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70723153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if protein-by-products secondary to cervical cancer oncogenes appear in the saliva. Methods: Four pooled (n=10 subjects/pool) stimulated whole saliva specimens from women were analyzed. One pooled specimen was from healthy women, while other pooled specimens were from women diagnosed with CIN 2 moderate cervical dysplasia (n=10), CIN 3 severe cervical dysplasia (n=10) and the other pooled group from women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma in situ (n=10). Differential expression of proteins was measured by isotopically tagging proteins in each groups and comparing them to the healthy control group. Saliva from each of the pooled samples was trypsinized and the peptide digests labeled with the appropriate iTRAQ reagent. Labeled peptides from each of the digests were combined and analyzed by reverse phase (C18) capillary chromatography on an Applied Biosystems QStar LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer equipped with an LC-Packings HPLC. Results: The results of the salivary analyses yielded approximately 133 proteins in the saliva specimens. Forty eight proteins were differentially expressed between the healthy control pool, precancerous and cancerous conditions. Conclusions: The study suggests that saliva is a fluid suffused with solubilized by-products of oncogenic expression and that these proteins may be modulated secondary to precancerous and cancerous conditions and that these proteins may be useful in the study of cervical cancer progression, treatment efficacy and the tailoring of individualized patient care.
{"title":"Altered Salivary Protein Profiles among Individuals Diagnosed with Cervical Dysplasia and Cervical Carcinoma in Situ","authors":"C. Streckfus","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P63","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if protein-by-products secondary to cervical cancer oncogenes appear in the saliva. Methods: Four pooled (n=10 subjects/pool) stimulated whole saliva specimens from women were analyzed. One pooled specimen was from healthy women, while other pooled specimens were from women diagnosed with CIN 2 moderate cervical dysplasia (n=10), CIN 3 severe cervical dysplasia (n=10) and the other pooled group from women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma in situ (n=10). Differential expression of proteins was measured by isotopically tagging proteins in each groups and comparing them to the healthy control group. Saliva from each of the pooled samples was trypsinized and the peptide digests labeled with the appropriate iTRAQ reagent. Labeled peptides from each of the digests were combined and analyzed by reverse phase (C18) capillary chromatography on an Applied Biosystems QStar LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer equipped with an LC-Packings HPLC. Results: The results of the salivary analyses yielded approximately 133 proteins in the saliva specimens. Forty eight proteins were differentially expressed between the healthy control pool, precancerous and cancerous conditions. Conclusions: The study suggests that saliva is a fluid suffused with solubilized by-products of oncogenic expression and that these proteins may be modulated secondary to precancerous and cancerous conditions and that these proteins may be useful in the study of cervical cancer progression, treatment efficacy and the tailoring of individualized patient care.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70722798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attempts of establishing vaccines against cancers are in process of becoming authentic in future due to its successful clinical trials. But, there are problems in assessing the prognosis of the diseases due to the weakness and specificity of tumor associated antigens in stimulating an effective immune response. A surplus combination of immunotherapeutic cancer strategies and appropriate checkpoint inhibitors, becomes a promising area for successful cancer disease control. This article summarizes the understanding of tumor antigens (specific or associated) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which allow some space with a positive and hopeful view of the future.
{"title":"Immunotherapeutic Modalities in the Treatment of Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"B. Kashyap, S. Kasabah, P. Reddy","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P53","url":null,"abstract":"Attempts of establishing vaccines against cancers are in process of becoming authentic in future due to its successful clinical trials. But, there are problems in assessing the prognosis of the diseases due to the weakness and specificity of tumor associated antigens in stimulating an effective immune response. A surplus combination of immunotherapeutic cancer strategies and appropriate checkpoint inhibitors, becomes a promising area for successful cancer disease control. This article summarizes the understanding of tumor antigens (specific or associated) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which allow some space with a positive and hopeful view of the future.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70722684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kambiz Afrasiabi, Yi-Hong Zhou, Angela G. Fleischman
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have evolved in complexity and are most widely used by metazoan for essential physiological functions. They are involved in mechanisms that allow cells to receive signals from their environment and react to them. Nearly 20% of human tumors harbor mutations in GPCRs and aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. In this article, we review and discuss the roles of GPCRs in normal and neoplastic transformation. This could be looked upon the crossroad of distortions in extracellular microenvironment and intracellular energetics landscape homeostasis. We hypothesize that GPCRs have taken over the role of sensing cellular energetics status and are involved in regulation of signal transduction and gene expression. We also present evolutionary biology perspectives lending further support to the above mentioned notions. We propose that however complex and intricate these pathways and interactions seem, they are all guided by one elegant and simple law, namely keeping the network entropy of the cell at the minimum possible level which correlates inversely with its free energy. Cancer cells are in abnormal state(s) characterized by dysregulated energetics. Based on this view of malignant transformation, further studies and measurements of cellular energetics landscape in both normal cell and its malignant counterpart and mathematical modeling could open the way for future cancer therapeutics strategies. We propose that our future cancer treatment strategies should target conversion rather than destruction of the malignant cell which is the current dominant theme of cancer therapy that has faced insurmountable barriers as evidenced by the short and limited survivorship of patients diagnosed with advanced malignant disorders. Keywords: G-protein coupled receptors, evolution, cancer, multicellular unit, environment, network entropy, free energy
{"title":"GPCRs, at the Crossroad of Distortions in Extracellular Microenvironment and Intracellular Energetics Homeostasis, a New Model for 21st Century Cancer Therapeutics","authors":"Kambiz Afrasiabi, Yi-Hong Zhou, Angela G. Fleischman","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P31","url":null,"abstract":"G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have evolved in complexity and are most widely used by metazoan for essential physiological functions. They are involved in mechanisms that allow cells to receive signals from their environment and react to them. Nearly 20% of human tumors harbor mutations in GPCRs and aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. In this article, we review and discuss the roles of GPCRs in normal and neoplastic transformation. This could be looked upon the crossroad of distortions in extracellular microenvironment and intracellular energetics landscape homeostasis. We hypothesize that GPCRs have taken over the role of sensing cellular energetics status and are involved in regulation of signal transduction and gene expression. We also present evolutionary biology perspectives lending further support to the above mentioned notions. We propose that however complex and intricate these pathways and interactions seem, they are all guided by one elegant and simple law, namely keeping the network entropy of the cell at the minimum possible level which correlates inversely with its free energy. Cancer cells are in abnormal state(s) characterized by dysregulated energetics. Based on this view of malignant transformation, further studies and measurements of cellular energetics landscape in both normal cell and its malignant counterpart and mathematical modeling could open the way for future cancer therapeutics strategies. We propose that our future cancer treatment strategies should target conversion rather than destruction of the malignant cell which is the current dominant theme of cancer therapy that has faced insurmountable barriers as evidenced by the short and limited survivorship of patients diagnosed with advanced malignant disorders. Keywords: G-protein coupled receptors, evolution, cancer, multicellular unit, environment, network entropy, free energy","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70723077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Wheeler, Karlyn K. Harrod, Fang Liu, E. Garber, Lisa Grove-Narayan, A. Moore
Purpose: To compare the positive margin rates for women with nonpalpable breast tumors whom had wire localization compared to radioactive seed localization in a small community hospital. Introduction: Wire localized (WL) breast biopsies have been performed on patients with nonpalpable breast lesions for many years. Radioactive seed localization (RSL) offers advantages of patient comfort and scheduling convenience. There is an extensive literature from large centers regarding the RSL technique. Little is known whether physicians performing these procedures in smaller community hospitals can achieve comparable negative margin rates as those performed with wire localization. Methods: The thirty-six patients who underwent wire localized breast conserving surgery between September 18, 2013 and December 10, 2014, were compared to the 48 radioactive seed localization patients resected between February 12, 2014 and December 18, 2014. The primary objective was to determine if the introduction of the radioactive seed localization technique significantly changed the positive margin rate. Results: Two of 36 wire localized breast biopsied patients had positive margins, compared to 5 of 48 radioactive seed localization patients, a difference which is not statistically different. The specimen weight was larger for the patients treated with the RSL technique. There was a trend toward a higher positive margin rate with older patients. Conclusion: The positive margin rate was similar between the wire localized and radioactive seed localized patients, and comparable to those in the published literature.
{"title":"Radioactive Seed Localization for Nonpalpable Breast Lesions in a Community Hospital Setting","authors":"J. Wheeler, Karlyn K. Harrod, Fang Liu, E. Garber, Lisa Grove-Narayan, A. Moore","doi":"10.5539/CCO.V5N1P25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P25","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare the positive margin rates for women with nonpalpable breast tumors whom had wire localization compared to radioactive seed localization in a small community hospital. Introduction: Wire localized (WL) breast biopsies have been performed on patients with nonpalpable breast lesions for many years. Radioactive seed localization (RSL) offers advantages of patient comfort and scheduling convenience. There is an extensive literature from large centers regarding the RSL technique. Little is known whether physicians performing these procedures in smaller community hospitals can achieve comparable negative margin rates as those performed with wire localization. Methods: The thirty-six patients who underwent wire localized breast conserving surgery between September 18, 2013 and December 10, 2014, were compared to the 48 radioactive seed localization patients resected between February 12, 2014 and December 18, 2014. The primary objective was to determine if the introduction of the radioactive seed localization technique significantly changed the positive margin rate. Results: Two of 36 wire localized breast biopsied patients had positive margins, compared to 5 of 48 radioactive seed localization patients, a difference which is not statistically different. The specimen weight was larger for the patients treated with the RSL technique. There was a trend toward a higher positive margin rate with older patients. Conclusion: The positive margin rate was similar between the wire localized and radioactive seed localized patients, and comparable to those in the published literature.","PeriodicalId":89904,"journal":{"name":"Cancer and clinical oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5539/CCO.V5N1P25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70723040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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