Pub Date : 2019-05-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.24-26
O. Nevmerzhytska, N. Plotnytska, L. Suslyk
Goal. The goal of the research is to study the effectiveness of biological preparation made on the basis of fungi of the genus Trichoderma (T. hamatum) (isolated from the mixed forests ground litter in Zhytomyr region) against the causative agent of sugar beet black rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium javanicum and Rhizoctonia solani); to determine the most effective way of application of the examined strain of the fungus against the sugar beet black rot agents; to study its influence on the initial plant growth and development as well as the indices of sugar beet productivity. Methods. The methods used during the research work include field studies, laboratory studies, field and laboratory studies. The field tests were conducted in the conditions of Uladovo-Liulynetska experimental plant selection station. The sugar beet black rot agents wereselected and identified in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. Results. It has been ascertained that the application of the fungus strain T. hamatum ZH-6 against the sugar beet black rot agents directly into the soil during the sugar beet cropping proved to be the most effective way of its usage. The simultaneous application of T. hamatum ZH-6 with row fertilizers leads to an increase in the density of sugar beet seedlings by 0,6pieces per linear meter in the phase of the first pair of leaves, and by 1.1 pieces per linear metering the phase of the second pair of leaves, compared to the control variant. The application of the fungus strain T. hamatum ZH-6 contributes to a decrease in the degree of development of black rot in sugar beet seedlings by 31.9% as compared to the control variant. However, it`s efficiency is 10.4% lower than that one obtained from the seed treatment with the chemical Tachigaren, 70%WP. The extra yield of sugar beets under condition of simultaneous application of Trichoderma hamatum ZH-6 strain with the row fertilizers amounts to 6.2 t/ha in comparison with the absolute control. Conclusions. It has been proved that the use of the strain of the fungus T. hamatum ZH-6 by means of its application into the soil during sowing allows to protect sugar beets from the black rot agents and obtain a yield increase in the range of 6.2 t/ha.
{"title":"Features of elements of the protection system of sugar beets from the root","authors":"O. Nevmerzhytska, N. Plotnytska, L. Suslyk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.24-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.24-26","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The goal of the research is to study the effectiveness of biological preparation made on the basis of fungi of the genus Trichoderma (T. hamatum) (isolated from the mixed forests ground litter in Zhytomyr region) against the causative agent of sugar beet black rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium javanicum and Rhizoctonia solani); to determine the most effective way of application of the examined strain of the fungus against the sugar beet black rot agents; to study its influence on the initial plant growth and development as well as the indices of sugar beet productivity. \u0000Methods. The methods used during the research work include field studies, laboratory studies, field and laboratory studies. The field tests were conducted in the conditions of Uladovo-Liulynetska experimental plant selection station. The sugar beet black rot agents wereselected and identified in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. \u0000Results. It has been ascertained that the application of the fungus strain T. hamatum ZH-6 against the sugar beet black rot agents directly into the soil during the sugar beet cropping proved to be the most effective way of its usage. The simultaneous application of T. hamatum ZH-6 with row fertilizers leads to an increase in the density of sugar beet seedlings by 0,6pieces per linear meter in the phase of the first pair of leaves, and by 1.1 pieces per linear metering the phase of the second pair of leaves, compared to the control variant. The application of the fungus strain T. hamatum ZH-6 contributes to a decrease in the degree of development of black rot in sugar beet seedlings by 31.9% as compared to the control variant. However, it`s efficiency is 10.4% lower than that one obtained from the seed treatment with the chemical Tachigaren, 70%WP. The extra yield of sugar beets under condition of simultaneous application of Trichoderma hamatum ZH-6 strain with the row fertilizers amounts to 6.2 t/ha in comparison with the absolute control. \u0000Conclusions. It has been proved that the use of the strain of the fungus T. hamatum ZH-6 by means of its application into the soil during sowing allows to protect sugar beets from the black rot agents and obtain a yield increase in the range of 6.2 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125923861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.9-11
S. Retman, N. Bazykina
Goal. To determine the technical efficiency of the novel fungicides against the diseases of leaves sunflower and to establish the optimal terms of fungicidal treatments for the zone of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research methods. Field and laboratory. The research was conducted during 2014—2017 in the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine (Khmelnytsky region) on the Canyon hybrid investigated the effect of fungicides Pictor, SC (0.5 l / ha), Retengo, EC (0.75 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) was investigated. The treatments were carried out in two terms: once — on 32 and 53 stages on the BBCH scale and twice — at the same terms. The records were performed before application and on the 15th and 30th day after it. The observations were conducted according to generally accepted methods; the incidence and severity of diseases, technical efficiency were determined. Results. It was determined that crops annually struck affected leaf disease Alternaria and Septoria. The highest development was recorded for alternaria leaf spot — 22.5%. For both single and double spraying, the highest level of protection against septoria leaf blotch was observed for the application of Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha), while Pictor, SC (0.5 l / ha) was more efficient against alternaria leaf spot. Conclusions. Te two-fold application of fungicides is more effective, it reduces the development of leaf diseases by 78—96% and preserves the crop within 0,41—0,53 t / ha. Among the studied fungicides, Pictor, EC and Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC showed superior efficacy for all investigated terms.
的目标。确定新型杀菌剂防治向日葵叶片病害的技术效率，并确定乌克兰右岸森林草原地区的最佳杀菌剂处理条件。研究方法。现场和实验室。2014-2017年在乌克兰右岸森林草原(Khmelnytsky地区)对Canyon杂交品种进行了杀菌剂Pictor、SC (0.5 l / ha)、Retengo、EC (0.75 l / ha)、Amistar Extra 280 SC (0.75 l / ha)的效果研究。治疗分两个阶段进行:第一次是在BBCH量表的32和53阶段进行，第二次是在相同的阶段进行。分别于施药前、施药后第15天和第30天进行记录。观察是按照普遍接受的方法进行的;测定疾病的发生率、严重程度、技术效率。结果。经确定，每年遭受打击的作物受叶锈病和Septoria的影响。其中叶斑病发育最高，达22.5%。在单喷和双喷条件下，Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha)的防治效果最好，Pictor, SC (0.5 l / ha)的防治效果最好。结论。两次施用杀菌剂效果较好，可减少叶片病害的发生78 ~ 96%，使作物保有量控制在0.41 ~ 0.53 t /公顷。在所研究的杀菌剂中，Pictor、EC和Amistar Extra 280 SC在所有研究项上都表现出优越的效果。
{"title":"Fungicidal protection of sunflower against the main leaf diseases","authors":"S. Retman, N. Bazykina","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.9-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.9-11","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the technical efficiency of the novel fungicides against the diseases of leaves sunflower and to establish the optimal terms of fungicidal treatments for the zone of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Research methods. Field and laboratory. The research was conducted during 2014—2017 in the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine (Khmelnytsky region) on the Canyon hybrid investigated the effect of fungicides Pictor, SC (0.5 l / ha), Retengo, EC (0.75 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) was investigated. The treatments were carried out in two terms: once — on 32 and 53 stages on the BBCH scale and twice — at the same terms. The records were performed before application and on the 15th and 30th day after it. The observations were conducted according to generally accepted methods; the incidence and severity of diseases, technical efficiency were determined. \u0000Results. It was determined that crops annually struck affected leaf disease Alternaria and Septoria. The highest development was recorded for alternaria leaf spot — 22.5%. For both single and double spraying, the highest level of protection against septoria leaf blotch was observed for the application of Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha), while Pictor, SC (0.5 l / ha) was more efficient against alternaria leaf spot. \u0000Conclusions. Te two-fold application of fungicides is more effective, it reduces the development of leaf diseases by 78—96% and preserves the crop within 0,41—0,53 t / ha. Among the studied fungicides, Pictor, EC and Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC showed superior efficacy for all investigated terms.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129993653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.16-19
E. Korenchuk, V. Drozda
Goal. Clarification of the threshold of harmful larvae for 2-year-old pine seedlings at different stages of the growing season. Methods. Phenological observation of the complex of plates of the phylogenetic phytophages: eastern and western, marble, red and shaggy worms. Methods of compilation of phenological maps and graphic modeling of harmfulness thresholds of phytophages. Results It has been established that the period of harmfulness for larvae of the plates of the breeding phytophages, depending on their phenology, during the vegetation is expediently divided into three stages: A (spring), B (mostly summer), C (autumn), which correspond to different models of thresholds of harmfulness. In particular, the model for the autumn period takes into account the increased likelihood of plant death due to the suppression of larvae of the crust in the spring and summer period and the effectiveness of the measures implemented to regulate their numbers. The system for regulating the number of phytophages should be aimed at maximal protection of the pine culture in period A — prevention of damaging the root system of larvae (chemical insecticide) and preventive saturation of the ecosystem with biological agents in such a way that their maximum efficiency is at period B. Conclusions. For the spring, mainly summer and autumn periods, it is expedient to use different models of hazard thresholds: for the spring and summer x = (0.96y + 0.63) / 3, and for the autumn x = ((0.96y + 0.63) / 3) × 0.577, where — x — ratio of the biomass of the root system to the biomass of the larvae; y — biomass of the root system. The hazard threshold model for the autumn period takes into account the increase in the likelihood of plant death due to the weakening of the crustal larvae in previous periods (spring, summer) and the effectiveness of the measures taken to regulate the number of these phytophages.
{"title":"Distribution of threshold values of harmfulness of larvae of lamellar phytophages in time","authors":"E. Korenchuk, V. Drozda","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.16-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.16-19","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Clarification of the threshold of harmful larvae for 2-year-old pine seedlings at different stages of the growing season. \u0000Methods. Phenological observation of the complex of plates of the phylogenetic phytophages: eastern and western, marble, red and shaggy worms. Methods of compilation of phenological maps and graphic modeling of harmfulness thresholds of phytophages. \u0000Results It has been established that the period of harmfulness for larvae of the plates of the breeding phytophages, depending on their phenology, during the vegetation is expediently divided into three stages: A (spring), B (mostly summer), C (autumn), which correspond to different models of thresholds of harmfulness. In particular, the model for the autumn period takes into account the increased likelihood of plant death due to the suppression of larvae of the crust in the spring and summer period and the effectiveness of the measures implemented to regulate their numbers. The system for regulating the number of phytophages should be aimed at maximal protection of the pine culture in period A — prevention of damaging the root system of larvae (chemical insecticide) and preventive saturation of the ecosystem with biological agents in such a way that their maximum efficiency is at period B. \u0000Conclusions. For the spring, mainly summer and autumn periods, it is expedient to use different models of hazard thresholds: for the spring and summer x = (0.96y + 0.63) / 3, and for the autumn x = ((0.96y + 0.63) / 3) × 0.577, where — x — ratio of the biomass of the root system to the biomass of the larvae; y — biomass of the root system. The hazard threshold model for the autumn period takes into account the increase in the likelihood of plant death due to the weakening of the crustal larvae in previous periods (spring, summer) and the effectiveness of the measures taken to regulate the number of these phytophages.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"33 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113938470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.12-16
І. Mostovjiak
Goal. Analysis and synthesis of the current state of development of integrated plant protection (Integrated Pest Management, IPM) in Europe and Ukraine. Methods System-analytical, abstract-logical, empirical. Results. The basis of agricultural production is the creation of artificial agro-ecosystems with the aim of obtaining the largest possible amount of products and profits per unit area. The productivity of agrobiocenosis is determined by the level of additional technological energy, a significant proportion of which are measures of protection against pests, plant diseases, and weeds. IPM is a reliable pest control paradigm all over the world and has been included in state policy and regulations in the European Union. In line with the EU Framework Directive 2009/128/EC, there are eight IPM principles that all EU members have to comply with strictly from January 2014. They include the prevention and suppression by nonchemical methods, pest monitoring, management. Biological, physical and other non-chemical methods should be used in the first place, and selective pesticides, which have a small negative impact on human health and on useful insects — only if necessary. In order to prevent the development of resistance in pest populations, the use of pesticides should be kept to a minimum by reducing the doses and frequency of their use and the pesticides should be used with different mechanisms of action. It is also important to evaluate the integrated plant protection program. Conclusions. In this paper, information on the history, concepts, principles, components, and methods of integrated plant protection in the world, as well as the application of these methods in Ukraine, was generalized. At present, the implementation of IPM principles in Ukraine is insufficient and requires a systematic approach and a joint action of many parties: scientists, farmers, specialists in the production and marketing of agricultural products, and politicians.
{"title":"Ecological paradigm of integrated plant management","authors":"І. Mostovjiak","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.12-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.12-16","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Analysis and synthesis of the current state of development of integrated plant protection (Integrated Pest Management, IPM) in Europe and Ukraine. \u0000Methods System-analytical, abstract-logical, empirical. \u0000Results. The basis of agricultural production is the creation of artificial agro-ecosystems with the aim of obtaining the largest possible amount of products and profits per unit area. The productivity of agrobiocenosis is determined by the level of additional technological energy, a significant proportion of which are measures of protection against pests, plant diseases, and weeds. IPM is a reliable pest control paradigm all over the world and has been included in state policy and regulations in the European Union. In line with the EU Framework Directive 2009/128/EC, there are eight IPM principles that all EU members have to comply with strictly from January 2014. They include the prevention and suppression by nonchemical methods, pest monitoring, management. Biological, physical and other non-chemical methods should be used in the first place, and selective pesticides, which have a small negative impact on human health and on useful insects — only if necessary. In order to prevent the development of resistance in pest populations, the use of pesticides should be kept to a minimum by reducing the doses and frequency of their use and the pesticides should be used with different mechanisms of action. It is also important to evaluate the integrated plant protection program. \u0000Conclusions. In this paper, information on the history, concepts, principles, components, and methods of integrated plant protection in the world, as well as the application of these methods in Ukraine, was generalized. At present, the implementation of IPM principles in Ukraine is insufficient and requires a systematic approach and a joint action of many parties: scientists, farmers, specialists in the production and marketing of agricultural products, and politicians.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127559246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.4-6
О. Shyta
Goal. To investigate measures of limiting the number of weeds in planting potatoes on the yield of culture. Methods. Field, comparative and analytical. Results. The data of technical and economic efficiency of application in landings of potatoes of soil and insurance herbicides, as well as their mixtures are given. It was established that the application after formation of the crests of soil herbicide Zenkor Likvid SC in the normal rate of 1.1 l/ ha provided technical efficiency in 30 days at 77.8%, but did not provide full protection of planting of potato from cereal weeds. Spraying to seedlings with herbicide Zenkor Liquid SC normally consumes 1.1 l/ha and the introduction of Panther antimicrobial herbicide during the period of vegetation, the normally consumes 2.0 l / hectares provided technical efficiency in 30 days at 88.9%. Application in the growing season of the herbicide mixture culture Zenkor Liquid SC + Titus 25, WG in the norms of consumption of 0.2 l/ha + 30 g/ha + surfactant Trend 90, 200 ml / hectare provided technical efficiency at the level of 94.4% for the height of plants of culture 5—10 cm, and at for plant height 10—15 cm — 86.1%. Technical efficiency of the herbicide Titus 25, WG Normally, the consumption of 50 g/ha + surfactant Trend 90, 200 ml/ha was 88.9%, 30 days after spraying, and manual gutting — 80.6%. In variants with application of herbicides yield of potatoes at the level of 18.4—22.0 t/ ha was obtained, in the manual with manual propelling — 18.6 t/ ha, with a yield of 11.2 t/ha. Conclusions. To reduce segetal vegetation in potato positions and obtain high yields of tubers it is expedient to spray with soil herbicide Zenkor Liquid SC after the formation of crests to the seedlings of the culture and weeds, the COP normally consumes 1.1 l/ha (metrubuzin, 600 g/l) and in Period of vegetation with herbicide against cereal weeds. During the growing season of potatoes, at a height of culture of 5—10 cm, when weed plants are in the initial stages of growth, landing is sprayed with a mixture of soil and insurance herbicide Zenkor Liquid SC + Titus 25, WG in reduced rates of spending.
{"title":"Protection of planting of potatoes from segetal vegetation","authors":"О. Shyta","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.4-6","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To investigate measures of limiting the number of weeds in planting potatoes on the yield of culture. \u0000Methods. Field, comparative and analytical. \u0000Results. The data of technical and economic efficiency of application in landings of potatoes of soil and insurance herbicides, as well as their mixtures are given. It was established that the application after formation of the crests of soil herbicide Zenkor Likvid SC in the normal rate of 1.1 l/ ha provided technical efficiency in 30 days at 77.8%, but did not provide full protection of planting of potato from cereal weeds. Spraying to seedlings with herbicide Zenkor Liquid SC normally consumes 1.1 l/ha and the introduction of Panther antimicrobial herbicide during the period of vegetation, the normally consumes 2.0 l / hectares provided technical efficiency in 30 days at 88.9%. Application in the growing season of the herbicide mixture culture Zenkor Liquid SC + Titus 25, WG in the norms of consumption of 0.2 l/ha + 30 g/ha + surfactant Trend 90, 200 ml / hectare provided technical efficiency at the level of 94.4% for the height of plants of culture 5—10 cm, and at for plant height 10—15 cm — 86.1%. Technical efficiency of the herbicide Titus 25, WG Normally, the consumption of 50 g/ha + surfactant Trend 90, 200 ml/ha was 88.9%, 30 days after spraying, and manual gutting — 80.6%. In variants with application of herbicides yield of potatoes at the level of 18.4—22.0 t/ ha was obtained, in the manual with manual propelling — 18.6 t/ ha, with a yield of 11.2 t/ha. \u0000Conclusions. To reduce segetal vegetation in potato positions and obtain high yields of tubers it is expedient to spray with soil herbicide Zenkor Liquid SC after the formation of crests to the seedlings of the culture and weeds, the COP normally consumes 1.1 l/ha (metrubuzin, 600 g/l) and in Period of vegetation with herbicide against cereal weeds. During the growing season of potatoes, at a height of culture of 5—10 cm, when weed plants are in the initial stages of growth, landing is sprayed with a mixture of soil and insurance herbicide Zenkor Liquid SC + Titus 25, WG in reduced rates of spending.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130610318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.26-28
O. Ivashchenko, S. Remenyuk
Goal. Determine the level of potential abrasion of arable land in the main soil-climatic zones of the country. Methods. Used methods of analysis and synthesis, method of comparison. Results. The total reserves of different types of weed seeds in the earth’s horizon 0—10 cm in the main soil-climatic zones of the country on average are: Polissya — 49 thousand pieces/m2; in the forest-steppe zone — 57 thousand pieces/m2; in the Steppe area on average — 57 thousand pieces/m2. Accordingly, during the warm period of the year, 1 m2 of arable land area is able to sprout and form stairs of weeds of various types of weeds on average: in the Polissya area — 1887 pieces; in the zone of forest-steppe — 4674 pieces; in the Steppe zone — 2242 pieces. Basically, these types of tetrophytes are annual weed species, for which the main way of reproduction and distribution is the fruits and seeds: millet cock Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv.; Loboda white Chenopodium album L., Common curd (curved) Amaranthus retroflexus L., Field mustard Sinapis arvensis L., Black passion black Solanum nigrum L. and others. Conclusions. Reducing the costs of systems for protecting crops from crops from weeds is possible, in the first place, with the reduction of the depot volume of their seeds in the arable layer of soil.
{"title":"The problems of presence of weeds in the crops begin with seeds","authors":"O. Ivashchenko, S. Remenyuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.26-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.26-28","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Determine the level of potential abrasion of arable land in the main soil-climatic zones of the country. \u0000Methods. Used methods of analysis and synthesis, method of comparison. \u0000Results. The total reserves of different types of weed seeds in the earth’s horizon 0—10 cm in the main soil-climatic zones of the country on average are: Polissya — 49 thousand pieces/m2; in the forest-steppe zone — 57 thousand pieces/m2; in the Steppe area on average — 57 thousand pieces/m2. Accordingly, during the warm period of the year, 1 m2 of arable land area is able to sprout and form stairs of weeds of various types of weeds on average: in the Polissya area — 1887 pieces; in the zone of forest-steppe — 4674 pieces; in the Steppe zone — 2242 pieces. Basically, these types of tetrophytes are annual weed species, for which the main way of reproduction and distribution is the fruits and seeds: millet cock Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv.; Loboda white Chenopodium album L., Common curd (curved) Amaranthus retroflexus L., Field mustard Sinapis arvensis L., Black passion black Solanum nigrum L. and others. \u0000Conclusions. Reducing the costs of systems for protecting crops from crops from weeds is possible, in the first place, with the reduction of the depot volume of their seeds in the arable layer of soil.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130008911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.17-19
A. Tkalenko, V. Ignat, D. Lohtenko
Goal. To monitor the phytosanitary state of parks and gardens plantations in the Ukrainian Forest-steppe zone and to identify species consistence of the dominant invaders. Methods. Reconnaissances, collection of materials and other attendances were carried out by using generally known ecology and entomology methods using determinants and atlases. Accounting results were subjected to variation-statistical analysis by special application program package according to the statistics and computer graphics: Microsoft Excel 2010, Statgraphics plus. Results. As a result of the phytosanitary state of the parks and gardens plantations in the forest-steppe zone were determined phytophagans species composition including 14 species of invaders among which were dominated Lepidopterans species (70.4%). Less numerous species were expanded forms of Coleoptera — 13.4%, Dipteran — 12.8% and other species which were 3.4%. The most widespread gardens and parks plantations invaders are: chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic), fall webworm moth (Hyphantria cunea Drury.), linden moth (Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata), acacia lotus borer (Etiella zinckenella Tr.). Among the fastest spreading invaders is boxen lotus borer (Cydalima perspectalis Walker) (common box) from South-East Asia. In Ukraine this species was discovered in 2016 in Transcarpathia region. Conclusion. Over the last years destructive plant feeders such as: horse chestnut leaf miner, fall webworm moth, linden moth and others became more spreading within the parks and gardens plantations of the Ukrainian Forest-steppe zone. The significant injury by adventive species — boxen lotus bore was discovered. The lack of well-timed gardens and parks monitoring in the Ukrainian Forest-steppe zone led to mass distribution of lots of harmful species both quarantine and invasitions.
{"title":"Monitoring of gardens and parks plantations in the Ukraine Forest-steppe zone","authors":"A. Tkalenko, V. Ignat, D. Lohtenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.17-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.17-19","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To monitor the phytosanitary state of parks and gardens plantations in the Ukrainian Forest-steppe zone and to identify species consistence of the dominant invaders. \u0000Methods. Reconnaissances, collection of materials and other attendances were carried out by using generally known ecology and entomology methods using determinants and atlases. Accounting results were subjected to variation-statistical analysis by special application program package according to the statistics and computer graphics: Microsoft Excel 2010, Statgraphics plus. \u0000Results. As a result of the phytosanitary state of the parks and gardens plantations in the forest-steppe zone were determined phytophagans species composition including 14 species of invaders among which were dominated Lepidopterans species (70.4%). Less numerous species were expanded forms of Coleoptera — 13.4%, Dipteran — 12.8% and other species which were 3.4%. The most widespread gardens and parks plantations invaders are: chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic), fall webworm moth (Hyphantria cunea Drury.), linden moth (Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata), acacia lotus borer (Etiella zinckenella Tr.). Among the fastest spreading invaders is boxen lotus borer (Cydalima perspectalis Walker) (common box) from South-East Asia. In Ukraine this species was discovered in 2016 in Transcarpathia region. \u0000Conclusion. Over the last years destructive plant feeders such as: horse chestnut leaf miner, fall webworm moth, linden moth and others became more spreading within the parks and gardens plantations of the Ukrainian Forest-steppe zone. The significant injury by adventive species — boxen lotus bore was discovered. The lack of well-timed gardens and parks monitoring in the Ukrainian Forest-steppe zone led to mass distribution of lots of harmful species both quarantine and invasitions.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128811105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.20-25
Tetiana S. Ivanova, N. Voloschuk
Goal. The purpose of this work is to study the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Lentinula Edodes (Berk.) Pegler on nutrient media of different composition and also to study the features of the use of Avatar-1 micro fertilizer and sodium selenite. Methods. Biotechnological research methods. Sodium selenite (Na2S eO3) at a concentration of 1.0 mmol / l was also used. Pure culture of the mushrooms had a very dense structure and white color. In our work, we used biotechnological methods — obtain this by subculturing the L. edodes strain in vitro; microbiological methods — obtaining pure culture of the fungus, the study of the cultural properties of the colonies. We set the pH value (pH) of nutrient media at the beginning and at the end of incubation. We applied mycological methods to measure the speed, density of growth and dry mass of mycelium. we used the light microscopy method. We performed statistical data processing.Method of light microscopy. Results. The experiments showed about acceleration of mycelial growth, mass and the greatest yield of mycelium L. edodes were on a nutrient medium with microfertilizer Avatar-1. In the experiment, it was found that the maximum overgrowth of the medium by mycelium occurs at 7 days. We have been proved that in the «Avatar-1» nutrient medium there was an increase and consolidation of bifurcated hyphae and buckles of L. edodes. There was even germination of mycelium that did not have too thin or thick hyphae. The dependence of growth rate on the type of nutrient medium. Also, the of doses of the drug, which effectively influences the technology of obtaining primary mycelium L. edodes. Conclusions. The dependence of the growth rate on the type of nutrient medium, the dose administration rate, as well as the cultivation regimes, that effectively influence and cheapen the technology of obtaining the primary mycelium L. edodes is demonstrated.
{"title":"Characteristics growth of mycelium of mushroom shiitake Lentinula Edodes (Berk.) Pegler in vitro","authors":"Tetiana S. Ivanova, N. Voloschuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.20-25","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The purpose of this work is to study the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Lentinula Edodes (Berk.) Pegler on nutrient media of different composition and also to study the features of the use of Avatar-1 micro fertilizer and sodium selenite. \u0000Methods. Biotechnological research methods. Sodium selenite (Na2S eO3) at a concentration of 1.0 mmol / l was also used. Pure culture of the mushrooms had a very dense structure and white color. In our work, we used biotechnological methods — obtain this by subculturing the L. edodes strain in vitro; microbiological methods — obtaining pure culture of the fungus, the study of the cultural properties of the colonies. We set the pH value (pH) of nutrient media at the beginning and at the end of incubation. We applied mycological methods to measure the speed, density of growth and dry mass of mycelium. we used the light microscopy method. We performed statistical data processing.Method of light microscopy. \u0000Results. The experiments showed about acceleration of mycelial growth, mass and the greatest yield of mycelium L. edodes were on a nutrient medium with microfertilizer Avatar-1. In the experiment, it was found that the maximum overgrowth of the medium by mycelium occurs at 7 days. We have been proved that in the «Avatar-1» nutrient medium there was an increase and consolidation of bifurcated hyphae and buckles of L. edodes. There was even germination of mycelium that did not have too thin or thick hyphae. The dependence of growth rate on the type of nutrient medium. Also, the of doses of the drug, which effectively influences the technology of obtaining primary mycelium L. edodes. \u0000Conclusions. The dependence of the growth rate on the type of nutrient medium, the dose administration rate, as well as the cultivation regimes, that effectively influence and cheapen the technology of obtaining the primary mycelium L. edodes is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115778709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.7-9
S. Retman, O. Nychyporuk, О. Shevchuk
Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fungicides of various chemical groups against the leaf diseases turfgrass. Methods. The research was carried out in 2015—2017 on the lawn mixture «Universal» in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine. The effect of fungicides of various chemical groups was investigated (Impact T, SC; Bumper Super, EC; Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC; Alto Super 300 EC, EC; Maxim 025 FS, FS; Horus 75 WG, WG). Fungicides were applied twice. The first spraying was carried out when development of diseases in control plot reached 3—5%, the second — in 30 days. The assessments were performed according to generally accepted methods, disease spread, disease severity and technical efficiency of pesticides were determined. Results. During the period of research, the most common leaf diseases of turfgrass, which eveloped annually and had a significant severity during the growing season, were powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch. After two-time spraying, the technical efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew reached 82.2—92.2%, against septoria leaf blotch up to 80.2%. The most effective against powdery mildew was the use of Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) and tank mixture of Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha and 1.0 l / ha) with Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha). Against the septoria leaf blotch, the highest efficiency was shown by Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Bumper Super, EC (0.8 l / ha) and Maxim 025 FS, FS (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, WG (0.6 kg / ha). In addition, due to the reduction of disease severity, a positive effect of fungicides on the quality of the lawn was achieved and the projective coating increased to 92—93%. Conclusion. The use of fungicides contributes to the reduction of disease and the formation of quality herbs. The best indicators against flour dew and septoriosis of leaves were obtained for the treatment of Alto Super 330 EC, CE (0.5 l / ha) and tank Maxim 025 FS, tc.s. (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha).
的目标。评价不同化学基团杀菌剂对草坪草叶病的防治效果。方法。该研究于2015-2017年在乌克兰波利西亚地区的草坪混合物“通用”上进行。研究了不同化学基团杀菌剂的效果(Impact T, SC;超级保险杠，EC;Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC;奥拓超级300 EC, EC;Maxim 025 FS, FS;Horus 75 WG, WG)。使用了两次杀菌剂。第一次喷施于防治小区病虫害发生3-5%时，第二次喷施于30 d后。按照普遍接受的方法进行评价，确定了病害传播、病害严重程度和农药技术效率。结果。在研究期间，草坪草最常见的叶病是白粉病和紫斑病，每年发生一次，在生长季节严重程度显著。2次喷施后，杀菌剂对白粉病的技术效率达82.2 ~ 92.2%，对紫斑病的技术效率达80.2%。对白粉病最有效的是使用Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha)， Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha)和Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha和1.0 l / ha)与Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha)的罐混合物。对中隔叶斑病的防治效果以奥托超级330 EC、EC (0.5 l / ha)、丰宝超级EC (0.8 l / ha)和Maxim 025 FS、FS (1.0 l / ha) +荷us 75 WG、WG (0.6 kg / ha)效果最好。此外，由于病害严重程度的降低，杀菌剂对草坪质量产生了积极的影响，投影涂布率提高到92-93%。结论。杀菌剂的使用有助于减少疾病和形成优质草药。以Alto Super 330 EC、CE (0.5 l / ha)和tank Maxim 025 FS等处理的抗粉露和叶片败血症指标最好。(1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha)。
{"title":"Fungicides against diseases of lawn grass leaves","authors":"S. Retman, O. Nychyporuk, О. Shevchuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.7-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.7-9","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fungicides of various chemical groups against the leaf diseases turfgrass. \u0000Methods. The research was carried out in 2015—2017 on the lawn mixture «Universal» in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine. The effect of fungicides of various chemical groups was investigated (Impact T, SC; Bumper Super, EC; Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC; Alto Super 300 EC, EC; Maxim 025 FS, FS; Horus 75 WG, WG). Fungicides were applied twice. The first spraying was carried out when development of diseases in control plot reached 3—5%, the second — in 30 days. The assessments were performed according to generally accepted methods, disease spread, disease severity and technical efficiency of pesticides were determined. \u0000Results. During the period of research, the most common leaf diseases of turfgrass, which eveloped annually and had a significant severity during the growing season, were powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch. After two-time spraying, the technical efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew reached 82.2—92.2%, against septoria leaf blotch up to 80.2%. The most effective against powdery mildew was the use of Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) and tank mixture of Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha and 1.0 l / ha) with Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha). Against the septoria leaf blotch, the highest efficiency was shown by Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Bumper Super, EC (0.8 l / ha) and Maxim 025 FS, FS (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, WG (0.6 kg / ha). In addition, due to the reduction of disease severity, a positive effect of fungicides on the quality of the lawn was achieved and the projective coating increased to 92—93%. \u0000Conclusion. The use of fungicides contributes to the reduction of disease and the formation of quality herbs. The best indicators against flour dew and septoriosis of leaves were obtained for the treatment of Alto Super 330 EC, CE (0.5 l / ha) and tank Maxim 025 FS, tc.s. (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha).","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130258534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.1-3
I. Mostoviak, O. Kravchenko
Goal. Fungicide application fungicides, applied separately and at the background of using inoculum Rhizoactive, on the formation of yielding capacity and some structural parameters of soy crops. According to the set goal, the task was to select the most effective fungicides to fight diseases in the crops, when they are applied separately and at the background of seed inoculation with Rhizoactive. Methods. Field and laboratory. Results. It has been established that the formation of the yielding capacity of soya and indexes of crops structure depends on the fungicides type and their application against the background of using inoculant and without it. It has been proved that the highest productivity of soya crops formed in the variants of the experiment with the application of Impact K, 0.8 l/ ha and Coronet 300 SC КС, 0.8 l/ha against the background of treatment of soya seeds with Rhizoactive. Conclusions. Application of fungicides Akanto Plus 28 KC, 1.0 l/ha, Amistar Extra 280 SC, KC, 0.75 l/ha, Bamper Super 490, KE, 1.5 l/ ha, Impact K, 0.8 l/ha, Koronet 300 SC, KC, 0.5 l/ha in the crops of soy at the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with inoculum leads to the increase of yielding capacity of crops by 11—15% and improved structure of crops, which is, on the one hand, provided by the improving phytosanitary state of soy crops under the action of fungicides, and on the other hand, by the nutrition of plants at the background of activation of legume inoculum.
{"title":"Productivity of soya crops under application of different types of fungicides and inoculant","authors":"I. Mostoviak, O. Kravchenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.3-4.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Fungicide application fungicides, applied separately and at the background of using inoculum Rhizoactive, on the formation of yielding capacity and some structural parameters of soy crops. According to the set goal, the task was to select the most effective fungicides to fight diseases in the crops, when they are applied separately and at the background of seed inoculation with Rhizoactive. \u0000Methods. Field and laboratory. \u0000Results. It has been established that the formation of the yielding capacity of soya and indexes of crops structure depends on the fungicides type and their application against the background of using inoculant and without it. It has been proved that the highest productivity of soya crops formed in the variants of the experiment with the application of Impact K, 0.8 l/ ha and Coronet 300 SC КС, 0.8 l/ha against the background of treatment of soya seeds with Rhizoactive. \u0000Conclusions. Application of fungicides Akanto Plus 28 KC, 1.0 l/ha, Amistar Extra 280 SC, KC, 0.75 l/ha, Bamper Super 490, KE, 1.5 l/ ha, Impact K, 0.8 l/ha, Koronet 300 SC, KC, 0.5 l/ha in the crops of soy at the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with inoculum leads to the increase of yielding capacity of crops by 11—15% and improved structure of crops, which is, on the one hand, provided by the improving phytosanitary state of soy crops under the action of fungicides, and on the other hand, by the nutrition of plants at the background of activation of legume inoculum.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"15 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120927263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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